History: facts and symbols最新文献

{"title":"BORN BY REVOLUTION: THE FORMATION OF THE SOVIET HEALTH CARE SYSTEM AMONG KALMYK NOMADS","authors":"M. Baduginova","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-33-4-7-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-33-4-7-19","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the origin and development of the healthcare system in Kalmykia during the revolution of 1917 and the Civil War. For the first time, the process of formation of the healthcare sector in the region in the difficult historical conditions of this chronological period is considered. The paper examines the state of health authorities on the territory of Kalmykia during the period of hostilities, the provision of personnel, the material and everyday problems of Kalmyk health care, and the incidence of the population. The article also discusses the impact of political and economic processes on the formation of the healthcare system in Kalmykia. The study used the problem-chronological principle, the method of historicism, analysis and synthesis, etc. A quantitative (statistical) method was also used, which made it possible to follow the dynamics of changes in the material base and staffing of health care institutions in the region. The main sources were archival documents of the National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia. The emergence of a state health care system among Kalmyk nomads is inextricably linked with the administrative and political transformations that took place on the territory of the Kalmyk steppe, which at that time was part of the Astrakhan province. Only with the formation of an autonomous region did the Kalmyk health department become an independent body of executive power. The development of the health care system in Kalmykia at the initial stage of its formation was greatly influenced by the hostilities taking place in the region, as well as their consequences - epidemics and famine.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127047551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HOUSING POL ICY OF THE SOVIET AUTHORITY IN RESPECT OF THE \"FORMER\" IN 1917-1921 (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE CITIES OF THE TAMBOV PROVINCE)","authors":"P. Rakhmanov, N. Strekalova","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-33-4-25-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-33-4-25-38","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problems of regional peculiarities of housing policy at the initial stage of the formation of the Soviet state in 1917-1921 in relation to the so-called representatives of the \"exploitative\" strata of the urban population. The processes of nationalization and municipalization of housing property of the \"former peole\" in the cities of the Tambov province, the problems of implementing the new Soviet housing policy were investigated. The basis of the research source base consists of materials from the archives of the Tambov region, a significant part of which is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.The study led to the conclusion that the large owners of urban real estate in the governorate have lost their rights to their property. At the same time, the issue of alienation of immovable property of the \"bourgeoisie\" in the cities of the Tambov governorate during the study period could not be fully resolved. In the course of municipalization and nationalization, the authorities faced a number of problems. In some cases, during the implementation of the new housing policy, they were forced to be guided not only by class, but also by pragmatic motives. Representatives of the \"exploitative\" classes in the cities of the province during the revolution and the Civil War tried to use various mechanisms to avoid eviction and consolidation, while maintaining more comfortable housing conditions in comparison with other social groups of the provincial urban population.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134183852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE TRAJECTORY OF COLONIZATION OF SERVICE PEOPLE IN THE COMFLUENTS OF THE PSLA RIVER AFTER THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BELGOROD LINE","authors":"K. B. Kudlanov, R. O. Golubkov","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-33-4-58-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-33-4-58-67","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of archival materials and other narrative sources, on the basis of which the places of outflow during the settlement of service military people from the middle of the XVII-th century at Oboyansky and Sudzhansky counties are established. The authors consider the entire process mentioned above for each migration category separately. Researchers determine the percentage of the forced settlementers who didn't come and the importance of their institute of guarantee, among the unauthorized migrants – their social composition and the presence of fellow countrymen among them, and among the local population – the role of their influence on the entire settlement process. As a result, the authors found that both of these counties were populated mainly by the surrounding trajectory and had many boyar children who wanted to have estates in the rear. Even in these counties, the northern trajectory of settlement ceases to dominate, from which, in both of them, its western direction prevailed over the eastern one. By the way, the latest presence was a characteristic feature of the Oboyan county, due to the forced settlement of the Karpov city. The peculiarity of the Sudzhansky county was in the initial presence of the local population, as well as in close proximity to the ukrainians from the Sumy Sloboda Regiment. The authors note that, basically, common features in the settlement of Sudzhansky and Oboyansky counties determined their proximity, as well as their location on the same river system. Moreover, the settlement of one county smoothly flowed into another. After all, the active colonization of the tributaries of the Psel river by service military people took place alternately from east to west during the strengthening of the rear of the Belgorod line. By the way, it was moving towards the Ukrainian colonization, which proceeded along the reverse trajectory from west to east. They met on the territory of the Sudzhansky county. In addition to this conclusion, the authors established that geography of settlement in the study area was an avalanche-like, due to the fact that over time, the exit points of the northern trajectory shifted south.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"346 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116650140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KOMSOMOL MEMBERS OF THE RUSSIAN PROVINCE OF THE FIRST CALL: ATTITUDE AND POLITICAL ACTIVITY","authors":"D. Safonov","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-33-4-39-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-33-4-39-57","url":null,"abstract":"The definition of such terms as ―generation of revolution‖, ―generation of revolutionary change‖ used in the literature includes people born after the 1890s., whose social formation and political activity occurred at the time of the revolution and civil war. At the same time, even narrower social groups can be seen within this generation, among which the author singles out the generation of the first Komsomol members as a specific social group that unites people of the same age and common opportunities. The participants in the revolutionary transformations, who were born in the 1890s, were already formed personalities: they grew up in a traditional environment, with its traditional values. Boys and girls who joined the communist union in 1919-1920 were for the most part born at the beginning of the 20th century. For them principles, values, rules, traditions, that remained unshakable and traditional for their parents, in the difficult conditions of a changing reality lost their exclusivity and absoluteness. The capability to have a different worldview, andbehavior, accordingly, was at a certain stage reinforced by certain forces that used it for their own purposes. At the same time, as it often happens in times of social change, social lifts began to work, giving teenagers real opportunities to break out of the reality that was predicted for them by their original existence and available opportunities. The formation of the ―generation of Komsomol members‖ in various regions of the country, with a common trend, took place under the influence of local subjective factors. Here, Orenburg region is taken as a region, the Orenburg province - the southeastern outskirts of the European part of the country. The source base is built on the sources of personal origin of the region in question.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122046626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FOURTH MARRIAGE: ABOUT THE FAMILY LIFE OF PRINCE SEMEN SHAKHOVSKY","authors":"D. Lyapin","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-33-4-20-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-33-4-20-24","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the circumstances of the private life of Prince Semyon Shakhovsky, an outstanding writer, poet, publicist, religious figure of the first half of the 17th century. It is known that Semyon Shakhovskoy was married four times, contrary to the prohibitions of the Russian Orthodox Church. The fourth marriage caused his conflict with Patriarch Filaret, after which the writer went into exile in Tobolsk. However, he was soon forgiven and returned to Moscow to work for the patriarch. In his ―Home Notes‖, the prince, recalling life, omitted this episode and hid the fact of the fourth marriage. However, rumors that the fourth marriage was officially annulled by the patriarch were strong. In 1662, the son of Semyon Shakhovsky, Fyodor, began a lawsuit with his relatives. They accused him of being illegitimate and asked him to deprive his father of his land holdings. The investigation ultimately failed to find evidence that Prince Shakhovskoy was officially divorced. The author concludes that the refusal to divorce the fourth wife and the justification of this act are evidence of the departure of medieval traditions into the past.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129534613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the question of the history of the formation of the concept \"new historical community - the soviet people\" and its implementation in the 1970-1980s","authors":"T. Bulygina, K. Ambartsumyan","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-32-3-52-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-32-3-52-62","url":null,"abstract":"   In the article the theoretical foundations of the concept \"Soviet people\" are explored. This concept is disputable both in scientific and political discourses, different opinions has been expressed about the reality of its construction and existence. The article proves that the adjective \"Soviet\" was in active use as early as the 1930s. What is more, in a situation where the completion of the construction of socialism was delayed, in everyday speech \"socialist\" was gradually replaced by the term \"Soviet\". The study tested \"Soviet people\" as an ideological construct became part of the concept of developed socialism due to the lack of prospects for building communism in the near future. In the work, the authors come to the conclusion that the \"Soviet people\" is not just an ideologeme, but also a certain type of unity, which is confirmed by social practice. The unity turned out to be fragile, as the experience of the collapse of the USSR showed, but real.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132435543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ideological impact in the province of the 1920s: monopolization of the process","authors":"A. G. Sherimet","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-32-3-86-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-32-3-86-101","url":null,"abstract":"   The focus of the article is the initial formation stage of the system of ideological influence in Soviet Russia after the end of the civil war. The ensuing political, economic and social crises showed, among other things, the need to restructure and improve propaganda and agitation. That was recorded at the Х Party Congress. In national historiography, the party influence on the entire population of Soviet Russia in the 1920s is traditionally considered as the initial stage of the establishment of a system of such an impact. We believe that it is more appropriate to discuss this process, first and foremost, on the regional level, taking regional characteristics and opportunities into account. In addition, during the period under review, the party members were the first and the main object of ideological influence, followed by workers, the ―laboring‖ peasantry and their children. During the period under review, the final success was due not only and not so much to the creation and strengthening of the system of communist influence on the masses, but to the disappearance of alternative, or rather, the sources of these alternatives.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121575510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of the soviet policy regarding the household industry in the Tambovschina during the years of military communism","authors":"G. Makhrachev","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-32-3-63-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-32-3-63-75","url":null,"abstract":"   The aim of the article is to clarify the peculiarities of Soviet policy implementation concerning handicraft industry in the years of war communism on the example of Tambov province.   The establishment of Soviet power was accompanied by several years of civil war. With the general decline in industrial production, it was often only the handicraftsmen who could provide for the needs of the new government and the population at large. Soviet power was primarily focused on building a centralised cooperative hierarchy in the handicrafts industry. At the first stages, registration powers, as well as general questions of the development of the handicraft industry, were under the control of the cooperative department of the Supreme Council of National Economy (SCNE) and its local representative offices, the GSCNE and USCNE. A characteristic phenomenon of 1918 was registration red tape. On the one hand, illiterate peasants were unable to draw up a statute in accordance with the regulations in force; on the other hand, the local authorities themselves were often incompetent and could not professionally advise the craftsmen on the requirements for drawing up a document. In 1919, in the framework of implementing the resolution of 26 April 1919 \" Concerning Assistance Measures for Handicraft Industry\", a Directorate for cooperative affairs, handicraft and small Industry was established under the SCNE, and relevant departments were set up under the GSCNE and the USCNE. Gradually the problem of uncontrolled exploitation of artisans became acute. Although, according to the current resolution, only the departments of cooperative affairs, handicraft and small industry had the right to conclude contracts with artisans, on a practical level this was also carried out by other authorities.In 1920, the trade cooperation was placed under the management of the consumer cooperative. According to another resolution, the Central Administrative Board for crafts,small industry and trade cooperation was put in charge of the handicraft industry, and its local departments were responsible for it.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129422297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative historical analysis of the state of monastery compounds of the krasnodar region, founded in the XIX and XX centuries","authors":"I. V. Kitaeva","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-32-3-102-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-32-3-102-110","url":null,"abstract":"   The monasteries that were built during pre-Soviet times were the most important centers of Russia spiritual life. The Krasnodar Krai, whose territory during the Russian Empire had been called the Black Sea Region, and then received the status of an administrative-territorial unit and was called the Black Sea Governorate, developed by the Cossacks, who needed churches and monastic cloisters. For Russia, the Soviet period became a time when religion ceased to occupy an important place in the lives of most people, that inhabiting the country. Krasnodar monastic cloisters were closed, their property was confiscated for the needs of the Soviet state. In the post-Soviet era, closed monasteries were given the opportunity to revive and begin their ecclesiastical work again. In addition, new monastic cloisters began to be created in the Krasnodar Territory. This article provides a comparative-historical analysis of the Krasnodar Territory monasteries’ condition, which were founded in pre-Soviet and post-Soviet times.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133043518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agrarian policy and development of animal husbandry in the Rostov region in 1953–1958s","authors":"A. Semikin","doi":"10.24888/2410-4205-2022-32-3-76-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2022-32-3-76-85","url":null,"abstract":"   The article examines the impact of the agrarian policy of the state on the development of animal husbandry in the Rostov region in 1953-1958, that is, from the beginning of the reform of agriculture in accordance with the decisions of the September plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1953 to the beginning of the meat and dairy company, held under the slogan \"catch up and overtake America\". In studying of agricultural policy regional socio-economic differences are of great importance, which affect not only the development of the region, but also the country as a whole. The author analyzes the main qualitative and quantitative indicators of the development of animal husbandry in the region during the study period. The article is based on the study of archival and statistical materials of the Rostov region. The author makes a conclusion that during the study period there was an increase in the number of all types of livestock in the region, milk yields and milk production increased. However, meat production has decreased compared to the level of 1953. There is a great contribution to the production of meat and dairy products in the region of personal subsidiary farms. In the collective farms and state farms of the Rostov region, the development of the fodder base and the provision of premises did not correspond to the growth in the number of livestock. During wintering, a large loss of livestock was observed due to starvation, lack of premises and poor care every year. Implementation of agrarian policy measures in 1953-1958 did not lead to a significant increase in livestock production. In general, not a single planned indicator for the development of animal husbandry was fulfilled in the Rostov region during the study period.","PeriodicalId":128487,"journal":{"name":"History: facts and symbols","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127807985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}