Heart International最新文献

{"title":"Mechanistic interpretations of sustained ventricular fibrillation: The role of mapping methodology, model and time.","authors":"Johanna B Tonko, Vineesh Kappadan, Ahmed El-Medany, Hesham Aggour, Hua Zhen, Aidan Birdi, Elizabeth Pyman, Joseph Barker, Jean-Baptiste Guichard, Richard H Clayton, Fu Siong Ng","doi":"10.17925/HI.2026.20.1.5","DOIUrl":"10.17925/HI.2026.20.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a malignant tachyarrhythmia underlying cardiac arrest, yet the mechanisms maintaining VF remain incompletely understood. Ethical constraints and technical limitations have largely precluded systematic investigation of sustained VF in humans, resulting in a body of evidence derived predominantly from animal models and <i>ex vivo</i> human preparations, often yielding apparently conflicting mechanistic interpretations. This article summarizes the experimental studies and conceptual frameworks that underpin the contemporary understanding of VF maintenance. We discuss evidence derived from frequency- and phase-based mapping approaches in short- and long-duration VF studies across species, highlighting how methodological constraints, animal models, spatial scale and VF duration critically influence mechanistic interpretation. Despite the heterogeneity across studies, overall, the data indicate that VF is not inherently chaotic but exhibits transient spatiotemporal organization that evolves dynamically over time. The underlying drivers sustaining VF throughout its progression are not uniform: multiple at times co-existing mechanisms, including re-entrant activity, self-perpetuating wavelets and rapid focal activation, have been implicated. The predominance and temporal evolution of these mechanisms are shaped by progressive global ischaemia with metabolic deterioration, pre-existing structural remodelling and the involvement as well as architecture of the Purkinje network. Collectively, these observations support the concept of duration-dependent and likely also substrate-specific electrophysiological phenotypes of VF, while also exposing a paucity of studies that have explicitly and systematically evaluated the effect of pre-existing structural and electrical substrate characteristics to examine their reciprocal interaction with VF dynamics. We conclude by outlining future directions, emphasizing the need for true 3D transmural mapping technologies and multimodal integration of structural and functional substrate features to enable mechanistic phenotyping and inform more personalized and effective strategies for VF management and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":12836,"journal":{"name":"Heart International","volume":"20 1","pages":"5-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension knowledge gaps: A patient-caregiver comparison from a tertiary care centre in Northern India.","authors":"Bhupinder Singh, Kamlesh K Sharma, Navdeep Singh Dhillon, Ashishpreet Singh, Sourav Salhan, Ankita Soni, Maninder Kansal, Suraj Kumar, Madhur Verma","doi":"10.17925/HI.2026.20.1.4","DOIUrl":"10.17925/HI.2026.20.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet awareness and control remain low, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In India, caregivers play a central role in patient support, but their comparative knowledge has been underexplored. This study assessed hypertension-related knowledge among patients and caregivers in a tertiary care setting in Northern India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted over 7 months (October 2024-April 2025) in the cardiology out-patient department of a tertiary hospital in Punjab, India. Adults living with hypertension and their accompanying caregivers were consecutively enrolled. A structured questionnaire assessed sociodemographic factors and blood pressure (BP) monitoring practices, and the knowledge scores were compared between patients and caregivers, and associations with sociodemographic variables were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3,501 participants, 2,032 (58%) were patients, and 1,469 (42%) were caregivers. The cohort was predominantly male (56.6%), urban (69%) and educated up to the 12th grade (69%). Only 22.5% reported regular BP monitoring. Awareness of the hypertension definition (50.2%), the normal BP range (67%) and key risk factors, such as alcohol (41.2%), obesity (37%) and smoking (34.2%), was limited. Caregivers consistently demonstrated higher knowledge than patients (mean score: 8.7 versus 8.5/15; p=0.004), with better performance associated with higher education, urban residence and skilled occupations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Caregivers demonstrated greater knowledge of hypertension than patients, underscoring their potential as partners in disease management. Persistent gaps in awareness of risk factors, complications and follow-up emphasize the need for family-centred education, caregiver-focused counselling and accessible self-monitoring to strengthen hypertension control in LMICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12836,"journal":{"name":"Heart International","volume":"20 1","pages":"54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of a residual shunt following patent foramen ovale closure: A myth?","authors":"Bryan Kluck","doi":"10.17925/HI.2026.20.1.6","DOIUrl":"10.17925/HI.2026.20.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This letter challenges the prevailing assumption that residual shunt following patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is a primary driver of recurrent stroke risk. While residual shunt has been associated with higher rates of neurologic events in observational studies, the author argues that this relationship is not supported by randomized data and may be confounded by diagnostic ambiguity, particularly the inclusion of transient ischemic attack alongside stroke outcomes. The complex pathophysiology of PFO-related stroke, requiring thrombus formation, transient right-to-left shunting, and specific anatomic factors, is often substantially mitigated by the closure procedure itself. Emerging evidence suggests that device-related factors, including incomplete endothelialization and altered atrial hemodynamics, may independently contribute to thromboembolic risk after closure, irrespective of residual shunting. The letter proposes that residual shunt may be an inadequate surrogate endpoint and that clinical focus should instead remain on true stroke recurrence. It further cautions against routine re-intervention to eliminate residual shunt, advocating instead for consideration of prolonged antithrombotic therapy and alternative closure strategies, such as suture-based approaches, which may avoid device-related complications. Overall, this perspective calls for a reassessment of current paradigms in post-PFO closure management and outcome evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12836,"journal":{"name":"Heart International","volume":"20 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13267654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden cardiac arrest in young adults: A comprehensive systematic review of epidemiology, aetiology and preventive strategies.","authors":"Razieh Parizad, Akash Batta, Juniali Hatwal, Ajit Brar, Bishav Mohan","doi":"10.17925/HI.2026.20.1.3","DOIUrl":"10.17925/HI.2026.20.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in young adults (18-40 years) is rare but devastating, often occurring without prior symptoms. It often occurs in the absence of preceding symptoms or known structural heart disease. A comprehensive and systematic evaluation of its multifactorial aetiology, diagnostic challenges and preventive strategies is fundamental to reducing morbidity and mortality in this population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the epidemiology, underlying aetiologies, associated risk factors, diagnostic approaches and preventive strategies for SCA in adults aged 18-40 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched from January 2015 to June 2025. Eligible studies examined aetiologic mechanisms, screening strategies, clinical outcomes or public health interventions targeting the prevention, detection or management of SCA in individuals aged 18-40 years. Study quality was assessed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist, the Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E), A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of 3,000 records identified through the literature search, 55 studies met the inclusion criteria. The reported incidence of SCA among young adults ranged from 1 to 2 per 100,000 person-years in Western countries, with higher incidence rates observed in Asian populations. Structural cardiomyopathies were the predominant aetiologies, most notably hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. These were followed by inherited channelopathies, including long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, as well as acquired conditions such as myocarditis and substance-related cardiac toxicity involving cocaine, amphetamines and anabolic steroids. Additional risk factors included systemic comorbidities, particularly sarcoidosis, chronic kidney disease and autonomic dysfunction. Diagnostic evaluation most frequently incorporated electrocardiography, transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and genetic testing. Survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was significantly improved in settings with prompt bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, widespread availability of automated external defibrillators and the implementation of community-based education initiatives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Targeted screening strategies, improved access to advanced diagnostic modalities and population-level community interventions are essential for reducing the burden of SCA among young adult individuals. Further prospective research is warranted to enhance risk stratification and optimize prevention strategies in this high-imp","PeriodicalId":12836,"journal":{"name":"Heart International","volume":"20 1","pages":"20-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistant hypertension: Epidemiology, mechanisms and contemporary therapeutic strategies.","authors":"Ruchi Sharma, Rakesh Varma, Arzoo Siwach, Arpit Nagal, Priya Sehgal, Mihir Sharma, Bhushan Shah, Ishita Ray, Shekhar Kunal","doi":"10.17925/HI.2026.20.1.2","DOIUrl":"10.17925/HI.2026.20.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resistant hypertension (RH), defined as uncontrolled blood pressure on three or more antihypertensive agents (including a diuretic) or controlled blood pressure on four or more, poses a major clinical challenge. It disproportionately drives adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including stroke, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Accurate diagnosis first requires distinguishing true RH from pseudo-resistance, which stems from inaccurate measurement, poor medication adherence and clinical inertia. The pathophysiology is multifactorial, driven by mechanisms such as sympathetic nervous system overactivity, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system dysregulation, obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea. Consequently, effective management extends beyond mere drug intensification. It demands a comprehensive strategy that addresses lifestyle factors, ensures therapeutic adherence and treats secondary causes. For eligible patients, device-based therapies, such as renal denervation, are emerging as valuable adjuncts to pharmacological treatment. This article synthesizes the current understanding of RH's epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnostic workup. It also critically examines the evolving landscape of integrated therapeutic strategies, discussing on-going controversies and future research directions to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12836,"journal":{"name":"Heart International","volume":"20 1","pages":"40-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aprocitentan: An oral, once-daily antihypertensive therapy for resistant hypertension in adult patients.","authors":"Patricia Otero Valdes, Benjamin Pickard, Chisom Orakwue, Keith Ferdinand","doi":"10.17925/HI.2026.20.1.1","DOIUrl":"10.17925/HI.2026.20.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resistant hypertension (rHTN), defined as uncontrolled blood pressure despite adherence to three antihypertensive agents, presents a major clinical and economic burden that disproportionately affects certain minority populations. Current therapeutic options do not target the endothelin-1 pathway, a potent mediator of vasoconstriction, inflammation and sodium retention, which has been increasingly recognized as a key contributor to the pathophysiology of rHTN. However, aprocitentan, a novel dual endothelin receptor antagonist, directly targets this mechanism. In the Parallel-group, Phase 3 Study with Aprocitentan in Subjects with Resistant Hypertension (PRECISION) trial (Multi-center, Blinded, Randomized, Parallel-group, Phase 3 Study With Aprocitentan in Subjects With Resistant Hypertension [RHT]; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03541174), aprocitentan demonstrated durable blood pressure-lowering effects in patients with rHTN. This study reported significant and sustained reductions in both office and ambulatory systolic and diastolic blood pressure among patients with rHTN, along with a favourable safety profile at the subsequently approved 12.5 mg dose. Pharmacokinetic studies support once-daily oral administration with low potential for drug-drug interactions. This article will discuss the significant potential benefits in the evolving landscape of hypertension management, how aprocitentan is a promising fourth-line agent for rHTN and recommendations for its use in the 2025 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) High Blood Pressure Guideline.</p>","PeriodicalId":12836,"journal":{"name":"Heart International","volume":"20 1","pages":"35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"eHealth-supported Self-management and Telemonitoring in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Derren Rampengan, Stevanus Surya, Diski Saisa, Jade Rampengan, Roy Ramadhan, Albert Pratama, Ammar Nojaid, Ika Kadariswantiningsih, Starry Rampengan, Maulana Empitu","doi":"10.17925/HI.2025.19.2.6","DOIUrl":"10.17925/HI.2025.19.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The development of eHealth has offered a solution to the challenge of effective self-management for patients with heart failure (HF) by facilitating health information exchange, enabling frequent home monitoring, enhancing self-management and promoting patient empowerment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of eHealth interventions in improving self-management for patients with HF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines, by first selecting the relevant publications from the Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, Epistemonikos, ProQuest, PubMed and Scopus as of 25 February 2025. The quality of the included studies was appraised using Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed using Review Manager software to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 37 trials with 13,366 participants. eHealth reduced HF-related admissions (OR: 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62, 0.86; p=0.0002]). All-cause mortality did not differ (OR: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.85, 1.03; p=0.16]). Cardiovascular mortality was not reduced (OR: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.71, 1.01; p=0.07]). Quality of life showed borderline improvement on the Minnesota total score (mean difference: -7.25 [95% CI: -14.81, 0.31; p=0.06]; I²=91%). HF-related knowledge did not differ (SMD: 0.53 [95% CI: -0.12, 1.19; p=0.11]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis demonstrates that incorporating eHealth interventions, particularly telemedicine, into standard HF care substantially decreases hospital admissions. While broader impacts on mortality, quality of life and knowledge remain inconclusive, the findings underscore the value of standardized eHealth integration as a pragmatic strategy to strengthen HF management and optimize patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12836,"journal":{"name":"Heart International","volume":"19 2","pages":"35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12687274/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145722312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-intensity Interval Versus Moderate-intensity Continuous Training in Heart Failure Rehabilitation: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression.","authors":"Victor Joseph, Derren Rampengan, Stevanus Surya, Felicia Gunawan, Nathanael Tjipta, Juan Lele, Roy Novri Ramadhan, Starry Homenta Rampengan","doi":"10.17925/HI.2025.19.2.7","DOIUrl":"10.17925/HI.2025.19.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Guidelines widely recommend exercise training as a complementary therapy for individuals with heart failure. While research highlights the potential of both high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), a systematic review is required to solidify their effects on improving patients' oxygen uptake, functional capacity, cardiac function and quality of life (QoL).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of HIIT and MICT on cardiopulmonary fitness, functional capacity, cardiac function and QoL among individuals with heart failure.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This review adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42024602309). We searched PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase, Google Scholar, PubMed Central (PMC), Elton B. Stephens Company (EBSCO) and Wiley. Risk of bias was assessed with the Revised Cochrane for Risk-Of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (RoB 2), and analyses were conducted in RStudio version 4.4.1. (Posit PBC, Massachusetts, USA) using the 'meta' package.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 21 randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis. The overall quality assessment showed a low risk of bias. We found that the HIIT group is favourable in terms of cardiac function improvement, represented by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; mean difference [MD]=2.69 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 5.38; p=0.0495]), peak oxygen uptake (peak VO₂; MD=1.19 [95% CI: 0.43, 1.95; p=0.0021]) and functional capacity, assessed with the six-minute walk test (6MWT; MD=24.87 [95% CI: 11.19, 37.75; p=0.0002]). Furthermore, HIIT showed non-significant trends towards improvement in QoL (MD=1.11 [95% CI: -1.02, 3.24; p=0.31]) and oxygen pulse (MD=1.03 [95% CI: -0.18, 2.24; p=0.095]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIIT appears to be more effective than MICT in improving functional capacity, such as LVEF, peak VO₂ and 6MWT, as well as cardiac functional outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12836,"journal":{"name":"Heart International","volume":"19 2","pages":"48-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12687271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145722301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging Inflammation: Epicardial Fat Density as an Imaging Marker of Cardiovascular Risk.","authors":"Nia Abbas, Matthew Budoff, Suvasini Lakshmanan","doi":"10.17925/HI.2025.19.2.4","DOIUrl":"10.17925/HI.2025.19.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), located between the myocardium and visceral pericardium, plays an active role in coronary artery disease (CAD) through local inflammatory and metabolic signalling. This review explores the prognostic significance of EAT volume and attenuation (density) as measured by cardiac computed tomography. While increased EAT volume has been linked to higher plaque burden, coronary artery calcium (CAC) and incident CAD - even in low-CAC populations - attenuation offers additional value by reflecting tissue inflammation and remodelling. Lower EAT density has been independently associated with major adverse cardiac events and vulnerable plaque features, outperforming both volume and CAC score in several cohorts. We also highlight the clinical relevance of these metrics in early disease detection and risk stratification, and their potential for therapeutic modulation. As evidence builds, EAT volume and density may soon serve as practical, imaging-based biomarkers to guide personalized prevention in CAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12836,"journal":{"name":"Heart International","volume":"19 2","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12687270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145721111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-year Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Versus Surgery in Low-risk Aortic Stenosis: Insights from the Evolut Low Risk Trial.","authors":"Saliha Erdem, Sachin S Goel, Michael J Reardon","doi":"10.17925/HI.2025.19.2.5","DOIUrl":"10.17925/HI.2025.19.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Evolut Low Risk trial (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With the Medtronic Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement System In Patients at Low Risk for Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02701283) provides reassuring evidence that transcatheter aortic valve replacement remains non-inferior to surgery at 5-year follow-up with regard to mortality and disabling stroke in low-risk patients. Valve performance, durability and quality-of-life improvements were excellent in both groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":12836,"journal":{"name":"Heart International","volume":"19 2","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12687276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145722341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}