Community-based Participatory Research in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention for Middle-aged Women: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women, particularly those of childbearing age and middle-aged women, who face heightened risks due to physiological changes, stress and systemic barriers. Women of colour and those from low socioeconomic backgrounds are disproportionately affected.

Aim: This article evaluates the effectiveness of community-based participatory research (CBPR) in reducing CVD risk among midlife women, emphasizing the cultural relevance of interventions as a critical factor for success.

Methodology: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science identified 15 studies, including randomized controlled trials, practice-based participatory research (PBPRs) and mixed-methods research. These studies implemented CBPR interventions focusing on diet, physical activity, stress management and community participation for underserved populations. Outcomes measured included systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, Body Mass Index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose, as well as participants' knowledge, behaviours and perceived community capacity.

Results: The analysis showed reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (7 and 4 mmHg, respectively), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (10-15 mg/dL) and BMI (0.5-1.2 kg/m²), along with increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (5-8 mg/dL). Culturally tailored interventions, such as dietary adjustments, group exercise and peer support, demonstrated improved compliance and maintenance of behavioural changes. Patterns of cultural relevance, trust and community ownership emerged as key determinants of success. CBPR offers significant potential for addressing health disparities and reducing CVD risk.

Conclusion: Expanding CBPR approaches and conducting long-term interventions can enhance health equity and achieve lasting benefits across diverse populations.