Growth Hormone & Igf Research最新文献

{"title":"Effect of a copper intrauterine device on HLA-G and IGF-II levels during pregnancy","authors":"Lili Cao ,&nbsp;Xiuying Chen ,&nbsp;Lili Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>An intrauterine device (IUD) is one of the most effective reversible contraceptive methods currently available. Women who use IUDs may become pregnant, albeit rarely, and many such women continue to use IUDs. Because it is difficult to remove or it may cause miscarriage. This study measured the changes in human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) levels in the decidua and villi to explore the effect of a copper IUD on embryonic development.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>A total of 54 samples of decidual and villus tissue were collected from pregnant women with IUDs (27 samples) or without IUDs (27 samples). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to identify morphological characteristics. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect HLA-G and IGF-II; the protein expression levels were measured via Western blotting.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>HLA-G was expressed on the membranes of trophoblasts of villus tissues and the glandular epithelium, and in stromal cells of decidual tissues, in both the IUD and control groups. IGF-II was expressed in the glandular epithelium and cytoplasm of trophoblasts and decidual cells in both groups. Compared to the control group, IGF-II expression was significantly reduced in villus tissues of the IUD group (p &lt; 0.05). The mean sac diameter was significantly positively correlated with IGF-II expression in the villi (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A copper IUD may affect embryonic development by regulating the expression of villus IGF-II.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101441"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1096637421000642/pdfft?md5=1e8c04839a2ab881e9049c5a50c93b00&pid=1-s2.0-S1096637421000642-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Subclinical atherosclerosis in acromegaly: Possible association with cardiovascular risk factors rather than disease activity”","authors":"Maria Cristina Costa de Almeida ,&nbsp;Claudia Maria Vilas Freire ,&nbsp;Maria do Carmo P. Nunes ,&nbsp;Beatriz Santana Soares ,&nbsp;Marcia M. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Alexandre Varella Giannetti ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Pereira Zille ,&nbsp;Paulo Augusto Carvalho Miranda ,&nbsp;Antonio Ribeiro-Oliveira Jr ,&nbsp;Juliana Beaudette Drummond","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Cardiovascular (CV) disease is still a major cause of excessive morbidity and mortality in patients<span><span><span> with active acromegaly, which may be attributed to a high prevalence of associated pro-atherosclerotic risk factors. However, a direct effect of GH/IGF-1 excess on the </span>vasculature has been previously suggested, warranting further investigation. The present study was designed to investigate whether chronic GH/IGF-1 excess is associated with an increased prevalence of subclinical </span>atherosclerosis in patients with acromegaly.</span></p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p><span>We measured carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and assessed carotid plaques by ultrasonography along with classical CV risk factors in 54 acromegaly patients (34 females, 50 ± 12 years and compared those with 62 (42 females, 53 ± 13 years) age-, sex- and CV risk factors- matched controls. In order to compare cIMT measurements between patients and controls we analyzed </span>common carotid artery far wall data as well as a combined measurement result, which consisted of the mean value of the six different measurements, three at each side.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>mean ± SD serum GH and IGF-1 levels were 2.76 ± 4.65 ng/mL and 1.7 ± 1.25 x ULN, respectively, in all acromegaly patients. Age, </span>body mass index<span>, blood pressure, lipid levels, fasting glucose and Framingham's global cardiovascular risk score classification were similar comparing patients and controls. Combined median [IQR] cIMT measurements were similar in acromegaly patients and matched controls (0.59 [0.52–0.66] mm vs. 0.59 [0.52–0.69] mm; </span></span><em>P</em> = 0.872) as well as in acromegaly patients with active and controlled disease (0.59 [0.51–0.68] mm vs. 0.60 [0.54–0.68] mm; <em>P</em> = 0.385). No significant correlations were observed between cIMT measurements and GH (Spearman <em>r</em> = 0.1, <em>P</em> = 0.49) or IGF-1 (Spearman <em>r</em> = 0.13, <em>P</em><span> = 0.37) levels in patients with acromegaly. Carotid atherosclerotic plaques prevalence was similar in patients and controls (26% vs. 32%; </span><em>P</em> = 0.54) as well as in patients with active and controlled acromegaly (22% vs. 30%; <em>P</em> = 0.537).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our data suggest that GH/IGF-1 excess itself is not one of the main drivers of subclinical morphological atherosclerosis changes in patients with acromegaly and that optimal control of acromegaly-associated CV risk factors may preserve vasculature structure even when strict biochemical control is not achieved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39849349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in anterior segment parameters and presence of dry eye disease in patients with acromegaly: A Sirius topography study combined with meibography","authors":"Deniz Kilic ,&nbsp;Berkay Akmaz ,&nbsp;Fahrettin Akay ,&nbsp;Yusuf Ziya Guven ,&nbsp;Guzide Gonca Oruk","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p><span>To investigate anterior segment parameters (ASPs) and dry eye disease (DED), including the status of the meibomian glands, </span>in patients<span> with acromegaly.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>In this cross-sectional, comparative study, 36 acromegaly patients and 40 healthy sex- and age-matched controls were included. Participants received a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including intraocular pressure<span> measurements with Goldmann applanation tonometry (IOP</span></span>_GAT) and central corneal thickness corrected intraocular pressure (IOP_CCT<span>) measurements, and were evaluated for ASPs and DED. For ASPs, white-to-white (WTW), apical (ACT) and thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), corneal volume (CV), keratometry readings (K</span>₁, K₂, and K_mean<span><span><span>), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and volume (ACV), and iridocorneal angle (ICA) were obtained via Sirius topography. DED was assessed with Schirmer's test, tear breakup time (TBUT), and </span>Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores. </span>Meibography scores (MSs) were obtained with the Sirius topography device.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Patients had higher mean IOP_GAT (<em>P</em> = .006), IOP_CCT (<em>P</em> = .01), ACT (<em>P</em> = .024), and TCT (<em>P</em> = .005) but narrower ICA (<em>P</em> = .014) than controls. Although Schirmer's test did not differ between the groups (<em>P</em> = .442), patients had higher OSDI (<em>P</em> &lt; .001), higher MS (<em>P</em> = .001), and shorter TBUT (<em>P</em> = .002).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Patients with acromegaly have greater IOP, greater corneal thickness, but narrower ICA than healthy individuals, as well as DED with increased MSs, which suggests meibomian gland dysfunction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101424"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39320895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and epidemiological characteristics, morbidity and treatment based on the registry of acromegalic patients in Colombia: RAPACO","authors":"Rafael Castellanos-Bueno ,&nbsp;Alín Abreu-Lomba ,&nbsp;Nathalia Buitrago-Gómez ,&nbsp;Marcela Patiño-Arboleda ,&nbsp;Doly Pantoja-Guerrero ,&nbsp;Alex Valenzuela-Rincón ,&nbsp;Henry M. Arenas-Quintero ,&nbsp;Humberto I. Franco-Betancur ,&nbsp;Alejandro Castellanos-Pinedo ,&nbsp;Dinett Movilla-Castro ,&nbsp;José M. Ocampo-Chaparro ,&nbsp;Carlos A. Reyes-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Alejandro Pinzón-Tovar","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>Describe the local characteristics, methodology and results of the registry of acromegalic patients in Colombia (RAPACO).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Multicenter, retrospective study based on the registry of acromegalic patients in Colombia: RAPACO. The data collected included: demographics, diagnosis, approximate time of disease evolution, data on weight, height, body mass index<span><span> (BMI), neck circumference<span> (NC) abdominal circumference<span> (AC) hip circumference (HC) and waist/hip ratio (WHR); clinical and biochemical data at the time of diagnosis, etiology, </span></span></span>immunohistochemistry<span> of the tumor and information related to types of treatment. Descriptive analytics were employed.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 201 patients (60% females) with an average age at registration of 49.5 ± 14.6 years and an average time of evolution of the disease of 6.96 ± 4.5 years. Average weight was 75.1 Kg ± 12.98, with an average BMI of 28.11 ± 4.33. The most frequent symptoms mentioned at the time of diagnosis were extremity enlargement and headache. The most frequent comorbidity was arterial hypertension in 50.3% of the cases. 78.6% of cases were caused by macroadenoma<span>. 80.1% received surgical treatment, 77.6% were under medical treatment, of which 95.7% were receiving somatostatin analogues. 26.4% of patients were treated with radiation therapy. Of the patients who received any type of clinical treatment, only 2.5% reported biochemical control at registration.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>It is important to recognize the local epidemiological, clinical, biochemical and treatment characteristics in order to assist in further understanding this pathology to implement local measures to improve both the quality of life as well as the prognosis of the patients diagnosed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39330066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Illness-related burden, personal resources and need for support in patients with acromegaly: Results of a focus group analysis","authors":"Sonja Siegel ,&nbsp;Cedric Fabian Kirstein ,&nbsp;Bernadette Schröder ,&nbsp;Nicole Unger ,&nbsp;Ilonka Kreitschmann-Andermahr","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>It was the aim of this study to evaluate illness-related burdens and support needs of patients with acromegaly to identify hitherto unadressed research questions and to open up avenues for improvements </span>in patient care. This was done by using the focus group approach as a qualitative research method.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Seven patients with acromegaly took part in a focus group moderated by an external medical communication specialist. The discourse focused on topics such as impact of the illness on everyday life, support needs and personal resources. The discussion was recorded and transcribed and analyzed by qualitative content analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants reported a huge impact of acromegaly on daily life, ranging from time expenditure for managing their illness, to bodily and mental sequelae<span><span> and strain caused by physical disfigurement. Patients' coping strategies included family support, physical activities and humor. The participants wished for a sound patient-doctor relationship, more interdisciplinary and holistic </span>treatment, medical rehabilitation services with special knowledge on acromegaly-related morbidity, a stable contact person in the medical process and reliable information material for themselves and their relatives.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results provide multi-facetted impressions of the overwhelming impact of acromegaly and unmet support needs of the afflicted patients. Further quantitative research is necessary to examine the generalisibility of the present results in order to implement tailored support measures. We suggest to develop standardized questionnaires to explore the prevalence and severity of the addressed problems in a large patient sample and to establish screening instruments to monitor disease burden in clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101422","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39332552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"David B. Dunger: in memoriam 1948–2021","authors":"KevinC.J. Yuen ,&nbsp;Ken Ong ,&nbsp;Rakesh Amin ,&nbsp;Rachel Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89019038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors associated with thyroid nodular disease in acromegalic patients: A case-cohort study in a tertiary center","authors":"Guadalupe Vargas-Ortega ,&nbsp;Carlos Alfonso Romero-Gameros ,&nbsp;Mario Enrique Rendón-Macias ,&nbsp;Lourdes Balcázar-Hernández ,&nbsp;Ernesto Sosa-Eroza ,&nbsp;Moises Mercado ,&nbsp;Ana L. Espinosa de los Monteros-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Barbara Pérez-Aguilar ,&nbsp;Carlos Paredes-Manjarrez ,&nbsp;Fernando Bernardo Reyes-Olhagaray ,&nbsp;Diana Laura Serrano-Ramírez ,&nbsp;Erick Vladimir Martínez-De la Cruz ,&nbsp;Baldomero González-Virla","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Goiter is very common in patients with acromegaly; its development is correlated to the duration of the disease. Thyroid cells express the IGF-1 receptor and the TSH/IGF-1 interaction has been demonstrated to have a synergistic effect in thyroid cell growth. There is a correlation between IGF-1 levels and the thyroid volume of patients with acromegaly. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in a retrospective case-cohort study of patients with acromegaly, the associated risk factors for thyroid nodules disease in this population.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a case-cohort study matched by age, gender, and growth hormone at diagnosis. Cases consisted of acromegalic patients that developed thyroid nodules during the follow up, and controls consisted in acromegalic patients without thyroid nodules. A Cox proportional hazard estimation was carried out for measure the associated risk factors for thyroid nodules disease in acromegalic patients. A nodular thyroid disease-free survival analysis was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We recruited 49 cases and 56 controls. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis age and IGF-1 ≥ 2.2 x ULN were significantly related with the presence of thyroid nodules [HR of 2.21 (95% CI; 1.15–4.25, <em>p</em> = 0.01)]. Nodularity-free survival rates in patients who had an IGF-1 X ULN ≥ 2.2 was found to be lower in comparison to those who had IGF-1 X ULN &lt; 2.2, according to a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings support that exist more probability to develop thyroid nodular disease in patients with acromegaly that present IGF-1 X ULN ≥ 2.2, suggesting a possible direct effect between the time of exposure to the IGF-1 axis hyperactivity and the genesis of thyroid nodules.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109663742100054X/pdfft?md5=941b7c9a12f9cb19cf3a9e231a118894&pid=1-s2.0-S109663742100054X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39699020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac functions in children with growth hormone deficiency: Effects of one year of GH replacement therapy","authors":"Fatos Alkan ,&nbsp;Betul Ersoy ,&nbsp;Deniz Ozalp Kızılay ,&nbsp;Senol Coskun","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Children with Growth Hormone deficiency (GHD) are prone to heart dysfunction and, if left untreated, will result in marked cardiac dysfunction in adulthood. The aim was to evaluate the effect of GHD and growth hormone (GH) therapy on cardiac structure in children and adolescents, and to investigate the role of insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in this.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>M-mode, pulse-wave Doppler echocardiography and </span>tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were performed in 49 children with GHD who were divided into those with a peak GH response &lt; 7 μg/L and 7–10 μg/L after two GH stimulation tests, aged 8–16 years at baseline and at six and 12 months after GH initiation, and 49 healthy peers. IGF-1 concentration was measured.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Although the left ventricular end diastolic and systolic diameters in both GH deficient groups were significantly lower than controls (<em>p</em><span> &lt; 0.01), both diameters increased significantly with one year of treatment and achieved normal values (</span><em>p</em><span><span> &gt; 0.05). Using TDI in both two patients group revealed increased E/A, prolonged isovolumic relaxation time, shortened </span>ejection time, and a significant increase in myocardial performance index compared to controls (</span><em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Significant improvement was observed in these parameters from the sixth month of GH treatment (p &lt; 0.001), this improvement does not match parameters measured in healthy peers, even after one year of treatment in both patients group. (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). No correlation was found between IGF-1 concentration and any echocardiographic parameter.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Echocardiographic parameters were similar in children with a GH peak &lt; 7 μg/L and 7–10 μg/L. In TDI, both systolic and diastolic function was impaired in GHD children compared to controls. These parameters improved after one year of GH therapy but did not recover to healthy control levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39841186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth hormone secreting pituitary carcinomas: Case report and review of literature","authors":"Shivani Vekaria ,&nbsp;Fei Chen ,&nbsp;Elcin Zan ,&nbsp;Christopher William ,&nbsp;Chandra Sen ,&nbsp;Richard Lebowitz ,&nbsp;David Zagzag ,&nbsp;Floyd A. Warren ,&nbsp;Tamar C. Brandler ,&nbsp;Nidhi Agrawal","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Pituitary carcinoma is a rare tumor, defined as a tumor of adenohypophyseal cells with systemic or craniospinal metastasis. We present a case of a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary carcinoma with a review of literature to better characterize this disease.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Case report and literature review of 25 cases of GH-secreting pituitary carcinomas</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The age of diagnosis of GH-secreting carcinomas ranged 24–69 years old with a mean age of 44.4 with 52% of cases present in females. Mean latency period between diagnosis of acromegaly and transition to pituitary carcinoma was 11.4 years with mean survival being 3.4 years.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><span>Growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary carcinomas are rare and hard to distinguish from aggressive pituitary adenomas<span><span>. From review of literature, treatment options include </span>debulking surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy with dismal outcomes. There are no diagnostic markers or features which can predict metastatic progression of these tumors. Future studies with genomic landscapes and relevant tumor markers are needed to identify </span></span>pituitary tumors most likely to metastasize.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39484904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum IGF-I concentrations are low in female bodybuilders in the pre-contest phase","authors":"Diana Paula Pandochi Fernandes Monteiro ,&nbsp;Marcos Correa Jr ,&nbsp;Thomaz Talarico Neto ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Martinelli Jr ,&nbsp;Hugo Tourinho Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bodybuilding involves athletes performing a series of poses/postures on the stage so that they can be classified according to their best esthetic and physical appearance during the competition. In the weeks prior to the target competition, the athletes subject themselves to restrictive diets and different physical training methods, as well as using dietary supplementation<span><span><span> and, in some cases, anabolic steroids, to reduce body fat to low levels and maintain or increase muscle mass. On the other hand, it is known that physical training is a potent stimulator for releasing the components of the GH/IGF-I axis that are directly linked to the anabolic process. Based on these assumptions, this study aimed to verify the kinetics of IGF-I and of its </span>binding protein IGFBP-3 in female bodybuilders. Serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations were recorded before and after standardized training sessions at two different times: in the initial phase (phase 1) and in the final phase of the pre-contest (phase 2) of a 12-week training season. It was possible to conclude that there was a significant reduction in serum IGF-I values at the end of the pre-contest phase that preceded the athletes' participation in a competition. With relation to the serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 values measured before and after the standardized training session, it was only possible to verify significant changes in the IGF-I values in the initial phase of the pre-contest. It seems reasonable to suggest that the </span>caloric restriction used by bodybuilders may be related to the decrease in IGF-I values verified at the end of the pre-contest phase.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39290366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}