Growth Hormone & Igf Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of raloxifene administration on serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Yan Sun ,&nbsp;Ying Xiong ,&nbsp;Yong Liang Meng ,&nbsp;Heitor O. Santos ,&nbsp;Felipe L. Athayde ,&nbsp;Ivan G.O. de Souza ,&nbsp;Ling Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To ascertain the clinical magnitude of raloxifene administration on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic comprehensive search was performed without language limitation up to 14 December 2020. We included only trials that assessed the effect of raloxifene on IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in adults. Meta-analysis was performed using the Stata software (Stata Corp. College Station, Texas, USA).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Seven arms were included, encompassing postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, postmenopausal women with breast cancer, healthy postmenopausal women, and healthy elderly men. Raloxifene therapy significantly reduced IGF-1 levels (WMD: −2.92 nmol/L, 95% CI: −3.49, −2.35, </span><em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) compared to placebo. Raloxifene dosage ˃60 mg/day (WMD: −3.29 ng/mL, 95% CI: −3.50 to −3.08, I² = 0.0%) decreased IGF-1 levels more than 60 mg/day (WMD: −2.29 ng/mL, 95% CI: −2.90 to −1.69, I² = 16%). Moreover, intervention duration ˃26 weeks (WMD: −3.48 ng/mL, 95% CI: −5.26 to −1.69, I² = 0.0%) reduced IGF-1 levels more than ˂26 weeks (WMD: −2.55 ng/mL, 95% CI: −3.31 to −1.79, I² = 92%). In contrast, overall results from the random-effects model did not suggest a significant change in IGFBP-3 levels upon raloxifene therapy.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Raloxifene therapy significantly reduced serum levels of IGF-1 levels but without changes in IGFPB-3 levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39305098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of milk and rapeseed protein on growth factors in 7–8 year-old healthy children – A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Benedikte Grenov,&nbsp;Anni Larnkjær,&nbsp;Christian Ritz,&nbsp;Kim F. Michaelsen,&nbsp;Camilla T. Damsgaard,&nbsp;Christian Mølgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Objective: Milk protein may stimulate linear growth through insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). However, the effect of plant proteins on growth factors is largely unknown. This study assesses the effect of combinations of milk and rapeseed protein versus milk protein alone on growth factors in children.</p><p>Design: An exploratory 3-armed randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was conducted in 129 healthy 7–8 year-old Danish children. Children received 35 g milk and rapeseed protein (ratio 54:46 or 30:70) or 35 g milk protein per day for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was difference in IGF-1 changes between intervention groups after 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in IGF-1 after 1 week and changes in insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF-1/IGFBP-3, insulin, height, weight and body composition after 1 and 4 weeks. Results were analysed by multiple linear mixed-effect models.</p><p>Results: There were no differences in changes of plasma IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF-1/IGFBP-3 ratio or insulin between groups after 1 or 4 weeks based on 89 complete cases (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.10). IGF-1 increased by 13.7 (95% CI 9.7;17.7) ng/mL and 18.0 (14.0;22.0) ng/mL from baseline to week 1 and 4, respectively, a 16% increase during the intervention. Similarly, insulin increased by 31% (14; 50) and 33% (16; 53) from baseline to week 1 and 4. Fat-free mass index (FFMI) increments were higher with milk alone than rapeseed blends (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), coinciding with a trend towards a lower height increment. Body mass index increased within all groups (P &lt; 0.05), mainly due to an increase in FFMI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01).</p><p>Conclusion: There were no differences in changes of growth factors between the combinations of milk and rapeseed protein and milk protein alone in healthy, well-nourished children with a habitual intake of milk. Within groups, growth factors increased considerably. Future studies are needed to investigate how intakes of plant and animal proteins affect childhood growth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101418","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39270906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The necessity of magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of pediatric growth hormone deficiency: Lessons from a large academic center","authors":"Leena Mamilly ,&nbsp;Amy L. Pyle-Eilola ,&nbsp;Monika Chaudhari ,&nbsp;Rohan K. Henry","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Current guidelines indiscriminately recommend magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pituitary gland<span> in pediatric </span></span>growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The relationship between abnormal MRI, most importantly a tumor, and peak GH levels is not well known.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this retrospective chart review, pituitary MRI results of children, ages of 3–16 years with GHD were collected and divided into 3 groups according to peak stimulated GH levels; ≤5, 5–7.4 and 7.5–10 ng/mL, Groups A, B &amp; C respectively. Clinical and MRI findings were compared between the groups.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 399 children were included. Abnormal MRI was found in 36.9% of group A subjects, compared to group B (16.7%) and group C (17.0%), both <em>p</em><span> values =0.0002. Children with multiple pituitary hormonal deficiencies (MPHD) had a higher rate of abnormalities than those with isolated GHD. Children with isolated GHD were more likely to have abnormal MRI with peak GH level &lt; 5 ng/mL compared to those with levels, 5–7.4 &amp; 7.5–10 ng/mL. 4 children in group A had a craniopharyngioma. ROC analysis comparing peak GH levels with abnormal MRI findings showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.614 and 0.728 for IGHD and MPHD, respectively.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Although abnormal MRI was found in all 3 study groups, it was more likely at GH level &lt; 5 ng/mL and in children with MPHD. To avoid missing a tumor, the importance of imaging in children with GHD and peak GH levels &lt;5 ng/mL cannot be overemphasized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39473342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutations in GH1 gene and isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD): A familial case of IGHD type I and systematic review","authors":"Qiuyue Li ,&nbsp;Zhenran Xu ,&nbsp;Miaoying Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhuhui Zhao ,&nbsp;Bijun Sun ,&nbsp;Lin Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Lu ,&nbsp;Feihong Luo ,&nbsp;Chengjun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) due to mutations in </span><em>GH1</em> gene is a rare disease caused by deficient production of endogenous growth hormone (GH).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>We reported the clinical manifestation and genetic diagnosis (whole exome sequencing [WES], </span>nested PCR<span> Sanger sequencing, and rtPCR) of a family with two children with IGHD type I. We conducted a </span></span>systematic review<span> of cases with IGHD and compared height, and treatment outcomes in subtypes of IGHD.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The patients were siblings born of nonconsanguineous parents from the Chinese Han population. The siblings both presented significantly short stature without other apparent abnormalities. The patients carry compound heterozygous mutations in <em>GH1</em>: a deletion and c.456 + 1G &gt; A mutation that led to abnormal splicing. The systematic review identified 365 IGHD cases with <em>GH1</em><span> mutations. Among these patients, their body height was most severely impaired in patients<span> with IGHD type Ia, and the height standard deviation score decreased with the age of diagnosis in IGHD type Ia. Patients with IGHD type II had the longest duration of rhGH treatment, while patients with IGHD type Ib had the highest relative height improvement.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We identified two patients with IGHD type I caused by compound heterozygotic <em>GH1</em> deletion and splicing mutation. The analysis of previously published IGHD patients suggests differences in linear growth among subtypes of IGHD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39297604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Course and outcomes of pregnancy in women treated for acromegaly: Discerning a contemporary cohort","authors":"Liza Das ,&nbsp;Pinaki Dutta ,&nbsp;Balamurugan Thirunavukkarasu ,&nbsp;Kirti Gupta ,&nbsp;Manjul Tripathi ,&nbsp;Prakamya Gupta ,&nbsp;Neelam Aggarwal ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Rai ,&nbsp;Bishan Dass Radotra ,&nbsp;Anil Bhansali ,&nbsp;Vanita Suri","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To analyze pregnancy course and outcomes in women treated for acromegaly and compare outcomes based on disease activity at the time of conception.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Retrospective study.</p></div><div><h3>Patients</h3><p>Women with acromegaly diagnosed prior to or during pregnancy from 2010 to 2019, representing cases (14 pregnancies in 12 cases), were later stratified based on active (<em>n</em> = 5) or controlled disease (<em>n</em> = 9) at time of conception. Female acromegalic patients over the same period constituted the ‘acromegaly cohort’ (AC) (<em>n</em> = 75).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>All cases had macroadenomas with nadir GH of 15.06 ng/ml (IQR 9–30), IGF-I index of 3.04 (1.96–3.82), for which they had undergone </span>pituitary surgery<span>; except two patients diagnosed during pregnancy, who received pharmacotherapy followed by surgery 4 months postpartum. Adjuvant pharmacotherapy was required in 71.4% patients and radiotherapy in 35.7%. Pregnancy occurred at a median of 2 (0.8–5.1) years after surgery and 21.4% required assisted reproduction<span>. All had term delivery with normal APGAR except one case with gestational hypertension<span>, who delivered a preterm baby. None had congenital malformations. Despite higher baseline IGF-I, GH and tumor volume in those with pre-conceptional active acromegaly, materno-fetal outcomes were not different from those with controlled disease (</span></span></span></span><em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Similar or greater proportion of cases had normal GH and no residual tumor postpartum, even in those with pre-conceptional active acromegaly.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The current study showed conducive outcomes of gestation in women treated for acromegaly and no higher rates of pregnancy parameters or complications than non-acromegaly pregnancies in the same population. Active acromegaly does not seem to have an adverse bearing on outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 101417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39191279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of abnormal glucose tolerance and its resolution in acromegaly: Single Centre retrospective study of 90 cases","authors":"Suhas S. Khaire,&nbsp;Jugal V. Gada,&nbsp;Premlata K. Varthakavi,&nbsp;Nikhil M. Bhagwat","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aims</p><p><span>The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of abnormal glucose tolerance (Diabetes + Prediabetes) and its resolution in </span>Acromegaly.</p></div><div><h3>Settings and design</h3><p>Retrospective observational study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods and material</h3><p><span><span>Ninety patients with acromegaly and followed up post operatively for 1 year were included. The study cohort was divided into two groups: Group A: abnormal glucose tolerance [AGT: Diabetes + prediabetes (n = 40)] and Group B: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 50).The impact of the following parameters: age, sex, Waist Circumference(WC), </span>Body Mass Index<span><span> (BMI), duration of acromegaly, Growth Hormone (GH) levels, Insulin like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) levels, </span>pituitary tumour<span> size, hypertension, and family history of diabetes as predictors for diabetes were studied pre surgery and post-surgery at 3 months and 1 year affecting glycaemia. Unpaired </span></span></span><em>t-</em><span>test, chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of AGT in our cohort was 44.44% (Diabetes 37.77%, prediabetes 6.66%).Patients with AGT were older (44.2 ± 12.21 years vs. 34.92 ± 11.62 years; p = 0.00040) and had higher WC (in cm) (91.35 ± 7.87 vs.87.12 ± 6.07; p = 0.005) than NGT. Hypertension and family history of diabetes were significantly more frequent in patients with AGT. GH and IGF1 levels were not significantly different between the groups. On binary logistic regression, Sex (p = 0.0105) (OR = 6.0985), waist circumference (p = 0.0023) (OR = 1.2276) and hypertension (p = 0.0236) (OR = 1.632) were found to be significant predictors of AGT in acromegaly. After surgery 42.5% and 62.5% patients became normoglycemic at 3 months and 1 year respectively. On binary logistic regression there were no predictors for achieving normoglycemia at 3 months or 1 year, however the delta change in GH, BMI and tumour size were significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The prevalence of AGT was 44.44%. Female sex, WC and hypertension were found to be significant predictors of AGT in acromegaly. Post-surgery normoglycemia was achieved in 42.5% at 3 months and 62.5% at 1 year with no predictors for normalisation of AGT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38896545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The involvement of Sestrin2 in the effect of IGF-I and leucine on mTROC1 activity in C2C12 and L6 myocytes","authors":"Ran Sawa ,&nbsp;Ikumi Wake ,&nbsp;Yu Yamamoto,&nbsp;Yasuhiko Okimura","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>IGF-I and branched-chain amino acids<span><span> have been reported to promote muscle hypertrophy via the stimulation of </span>protein synthesis. Sestrin2, the function of which is regulated by </span></span>leucine, has been reported to attenuate the activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) that stimulates protein synthesis. The objective of this study was to examine whether IGF-I modulates Sestrin2 abundance and to clarify the involvement of Sestrin2 in the effect of IGF-I and leucine on mTROC1.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p><span><span>C2C12 and L6 myocytes were stimulated by leucine (1 mM) with or without pretreatment with IGF-I (100 ng/mL). Phosphorylation of </span>p70 S6 kinase (S6K) and 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), both of which are targets of the </span>mTORC1<span>, was examined by western blotting<span>. Effects of Sestrin2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the actions of leucine and IGF-I were examined. Sestrin2 mRNA and protein levels were also determined after Sestrin2 siRNA.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Leucine increased the phosphorylation of S6K and 4E-BP1 in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with IGF-I for 5 h further increased the stimulatory effect of leucine on the phosphorylation of S6K and 4E-BP1 in C2C12 cells. IGF-I increased Sestrin2 protein and messenger RNA levels. Sestrin2 siRNA <del>i</del><span>ncreased or tended to increase basal phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and decreased the leucine-induced phosphorylation in C2C12 and L6 cells, in particular after IGF-I treatment, suggesting the involvement of Sestrin2 in the action of leucine and IGF-I. The net increase in leucine-induced 4E-BP1 phosphorylation appeared to be attenuated by Sestrin2 siRNA. Likewise, Sestrin2 siRNA attenuated leucine-induced S6K phosphorylation in L6 cells. However, Sestrin2 siRNA did not influence leucine-induced S6K phosphorylation in C2C12 cells.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>IGF-I and leucine cooperatively increased mTORC1 activity in C2C12 cells. IGF-I increased Sestrin2. Sestrin2 siRNA experiments showed that Sestrin2 was involved in the effect of leucine and IGF-I on mTORC1 activity in C2C12 and L6 cells, and suggested that increased Sestrin2 by IGF-I pretreatment might play a role in enhancing the effect of leucine on mTORC1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39094364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacrimal gland enlargement and tear film changes in acromegaly patients: A controlled study","authors":"Burak Mergen ,&nbsp;Ceyhun Arici ,&nbsp;Osman Kizilkilic ,&nbsp;Necmettin Tanriover ,&nbsp;Pinar Kadioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Evaluation of the lacrimal gland<span> volume (LGV) and its correlation with tear film functions, serum growth hormone<span> (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in acromegaly patients compared to a control group was aimed.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This prospective case-control study included the eyes of 38 patients with uncontrolled (UA) and 48 patients with controlled acromegaly (CA) and 44 patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma<span>. LGV of the patients was evaluated at the baseline, 3rd, and 6th-month visits with magnetic resonance imaging. Schirmer's test, tear breakup time (TBUT), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were evaluated at the same visits. Their correlation with serum IGF-1 and GH was investigated. Main outcome measure was the difference in mean LGV.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean LGV of the acromegaly patients at the baseline visit (116.0 ± 33.2 mm³) and the 3rd-month visit (119.5 ± 36.4 mm³) was higher than the control group (65.2 ± 22.3 mm³ and 63.2 ± 22.3 mm³, respectively; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) without any significant difference between the UA and CA patients in the LGV in three consecutive visits (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Among all patients, IGF-1 and GH levels showed a positive correlation with the LGV (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; r = 0.52; r = 0.6, respectively). However, Schirmer, TBUT, and OSDI scores did not show any difference among the three groups at each visit (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Acromegaly patients may have larger lacrimal glands compared to the controls and this increase correlated with the increased IGF-1 and GH levels. Lacrimal gland volume may have no effect on its tear film related functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39009446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital technologies to improve the precision of paediatric growth disorder diagnosis and management","authors":"Leo Dunkel ,&nbsp;Luis Fernandez-Luque ,&nbsp;Sandro Loche ,&nbsp;Martin O. Savage","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paediatric disorders of impaired linear growth are challenging to manage, in part because of delays in the identification of pathological short stature and subsequent referral and diagnosis, the requirement for long-term therapy, and frequent poor adherence to treatment, notably with human growth hormone (hGH). Digital health technologies hold promise for improving outcomes in paediatric growth disorders by supporting personalisation of care, from diagnosis to treatment and follow up. The value of automated systems in monitoring linear growth in children has been demonstrated in Finland, with findings that such a system is more effective than a traditional manual system for early diagnosis of abnormal growth. Artificial intelligence has potential to resolve problems of variability that may occur during analysis of growth information, and augmented reality systems have been developed that aim to educate patients and caregivers about growth disorders and their treatment (such as injection techniques for hGH administration). Adherence to hGH treatment is often suboptimal, which negatively impacts the achievement of physical and psychological benefits of the treatment. Personalisation of adherence support necessitates capturing individual patient adherence data; the use of technology to assist with this is exemplified by the use of an electronic injection device, which shares real-time recordings of the timing, date and dose of hGH delivered to the patient with the clinician, via web-based software. The use of an electronic device is associated with high levels of adherence to hGH treatment and improved growth outcomes. It can be anticipated that future technological advances, coupled with continued ‘human interventions’ from healthcare providers, will further improve management of paediatric growth disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39074852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal stress responses of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in highly resistance trained women and men","authors":"Disa L. Hatfield ,&nbsp;William J. Kraemer ,&nbsp;Jeff S. Volek ,&nbsp;Bradley C. Nindl ,&nbsp;Lydia K. Caldwell ,&nbsp;Jakob L. Vingren ,&nbsp;Robert U. Newton ,&nbsp;Keijo Häkkinen ,&nbsp;Elaine C. Lee ,&nbsp;Carl M. Maresh ,&nbsp;Wesley C. Hymer","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study was to examine the responses of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF<img>I) to intense heavy resistance exercise in highly trained men and women to determine what sex-dependent responses may exist. Subjects were highly resistance trained men (<em>N</em> = 8, Mean ± SD; age, yrs., 21 ± 1, height, cm, 175.3 ± 6.7, body mass, kg, 87.0 ± 18.5, % body fat, 15.2 ± 5.4, squat X body mass, 2.1 ± 0.4; and women (<em>N</em><span> = 7; Mean ± SD, age, yrs. 24 ± 5, height, cm 164.6 ± 6.7, body mass, kg 76.4 ± 8.8, % body fat, 26.9 ± 5.3, squat X body mass, 1.7 ± 0.6). An acute resistance exercise test protocol (ARET) consisted of 6 sets of 10 repetitions at 80% of the 1 RM with 2 min rest between sets was used as the stressor. Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise, after 3 sets, and then immediately after exercise (IP), 5, 15, 30, and 70 min post-exercise for determination of blood lactate<span> (HLa), and plasma glucose<span>, insulin, cortisol, and GH. Determination of plasma concentrations of IGF</span></span></span><img><span><span>I, IGF binding proteins 1, 2, and 3 along with molecular weight </span>isoform factions were determined at pre, IP and 70 min. GH significantly (</span><em>P</em><span> ≤ 0.05) increased at all time points with resting concentrations significantly higher in women. Significant increases were observed for HLa, glucose, insulin, and cortisol with exercise and into recovery with no sex-dependent observations. Women showed IGF-I values that were higher than men at all times points with both seeing exercise increases. IGFBP-1 and 2 showed increase with exercise with no sex-dependent differences. IGFBP-3 concentrations were higher in women at all-time points with no exercise induced changes. Both women and men saw an exercise induced increase with significantly higher values in GH in only the mid-range (30-60 kD) isoform.  Only women saw an exercise induced increase with significantly higher values for IGF fractions only in the mid-range (30–60 kD) isoform, which were significantly greater than the men at the IP and 70 min post-exercise time points. In conclusion, the salient findings of this investigation were that in highly resistance trained men and women, sexual dimorphisms exist but appear different from our prior work in untrained men and women and appear to support a sexual dimorphism related to compensatory aspects in women for anabolic mediating mechanisms in cellular interactions.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39105370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}