Growth Hormone & Igf Research最新文献

{"title":"The involvement of Sestrin2 in the effect of IGF-I and leucine on mTROC1 activity in C2C12 and L6 myocytes","authors":"Ran Sawa ,&nbsp;Ikumi Wake ,&nbsp;Yu Yamamoto,&nbsp;Yasuhiko Okimura","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p><span>IGF-I and branched-chain amino acids<span><span> have been reported to promote muscle hypertrophy via the stimulation of </span>protein synthesis. Sestrin2, the function of which is regulated by </span></span>leucine, has been reported to attenuate the activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) that stimulates protein synthesis. The objective of this study was to examine whether IGF-I modulates Sestrin2 abundance and to clarify the involvement of Sestrin2 in the effect of IGF-I and leucine on mTROC1.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p><span><span>C2C12 and L6 myocytes were stimulated by leucine (1 mM) with or without pretreatment with IGF-I (100 ng/mL). Phosphorylation of </span>p70 S6 kinase (S6K) and 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), both of which are targets of the </span>mTORC1<span>, was examined by western blotting<span>. Effects of Sestrin2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the actions of leucine and IGF-I were examined. Sestrin2 mRNA and protein levels were also determined after Sestrin2 siRNA.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Leucine increased the phosphorylation of S6K and 4E-BP1 in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with IGF-I for 5 h further increased the stimulatory effect of leucine on the phosphorylation of S6K and 4E-BP1 in C2C12 cells. IGF-I increased Sestrin2 protein and messenger RNA levels. Sestrin2 siRNA <del>i</del><span>ncreased or tended to increase basal phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and decreased the leucine-induced phosphorylation in C2C12 and L6 cells, in particular after IGF-I treatment, suggesting the involvement of Sestrin2 in the action of leucine and IGF-I. The net increase in leucine-induced 4E-BP1 phosphorylation appeared to be attenuated by Sestrin2 siRNA. Likewise, Sestrin2 siRNA attenuated leucine-induced S6K phosphorylation in L6 cells. However, Sestrin2 siRNA did not influence leucine-induced S6K phosphorylation in C2C12 cells.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>IGF-I and leucine cooperatively increased mTORC1 activity in C2C12 cells. IGF-I increased Sestrin2. Sestrin2 siRNA experiments showed that Sestrin2 was involved in the effect of leucine and IGF-I on mTORC1 activity in C2C12 and L6 cells, and suggested that increased Sestrin2 by IGF-I pretreatment might play a role in enhancing the effect of leucine on mTORC1.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39094364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacrimal gland enlargement and tear film changes in acromegaly patients: A controlled study","authors":"Burak Mergen ,&nbsp;Ceyhun Arici ,&nbsp;Osman Kizilkilic ,&nbsp;Necmettin Tanriover ,&nbsp;Pinar Kadioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>Evaluation of the lacrimal gland<span> volume (LGV) and its correlation with tear film functions, serum growth hormone<span> (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in acromegaly patients compared to a control group was aimed.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This prospective case-control study included the eyes of 38 patients with uncontrolled (UA) and 48 patients with controlled acromegaly (CA) and 44 patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma<span>. LGV of the patients was evaluated at the baseline, 3rd, and 6th-month visits with magnetic resonance imaging. Schirmer's test, tear breakup time (TBUT), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores were evaluated at the same visits. Their correlation with serum IGF-1 and GH was investigated. Main outcome measure was the difference in mean LGV.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean LGV of the acromegaly patients at the baseline visit (116.0 ± 33.2 mm³) and the 3rd-month visit (119.5 ± 36.4 mm³) was higher than the control group (65.2 ± 22.3 mm³ and 63.2 ± 22.3 mm³, respectively; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) without any significant difference between the UA and CA patients in the LGV in three consecutive visits (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Among all patients, IGF-1 and GH levels showed a positive correlation with the LGV (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001; r = 0.52; r = 0.6, respectively). However, Schirmer, TBUT, and OSDI scores did not show any difference among the three groups at each visit (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Acromegaly patients may have larger lacrimal glands compared to the controls and this increase correlated with the increased IGF-1 and GH levels. Lacrimal gland volume may have no effect on its tear film related functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39009446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital technologies to improve the precision of paediatric growth disorder diagnosis and management","authors":"Leo Dunkel ,&nbsp;Luis Fernandez-Luque ,&nbsp;Sandro Loche ,&nbsp;Martin O. Savage","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paediatric disorders of impaired linear growth are challenging to manage, in part because of delays in the identification of pathological short stature and subsequent referral and diagnosis, the requirement for long-term therapy, and frequent poor adherence to treatment, notably with human growth hormone (hGH). Digital health technologies hold promise for improving outcomes in paediatric growth disorders by supporting personalisation of care, from diagnosis to treatment and follow up. The value of automated systems in monitoring linear growth in children has been demonstrated in Finland, with findings that such a system is more effective than a traditional manual system for early diagnosis of abnormal growth. Artificial intelligence has potential to resolve problems of variability that may occur during analysis of growth information, and augmented reality systems have been developed that aim to educate patients and caregivers about growth disorders and their treatment (such as injection techniques for hGH administration). Adherence to hGH treatment is often suboptimal, which negatively impacts the achievement of physical and psychological benefits of the treatment. Personalisation of adherence support necessitates capturing individual patient adherence data; the use of technology to assist with this is exemplified by the use of an electronic injection device, which shares real-time recordings of the timing, date and dose of hGH delivered to the patient with the clinician, via web-based software. The use of an electronic device is associated with high levels of adherence to hGH treatment and improved growth outcomes. It can be anticipated that future technological advances, coupled with continued ‘human interventions’ from healthcare providers, will further improve management of paediatric growth disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39074852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal stress responses of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in highly resistance trained women and men","authors":"Disa L. Hatfield ,&nbsp;William J. Kraemer ,&nbsp;Jeff S. Volek ,&nbsp;Bradley C. Nindl ,&nbsp;Lydia K. Caldwell ,&nbsp;Jakob L. Vingren ,&nbsp;Robert U. Newton ,&nbsp;Keijo Häkkinen ,&nbsp;Elaine C. Lee ,&nbsp;Carl M. Maresh ,&nbsp;Wesley C. Hymer","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study was to examine the responses of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF<img>I) to intense heavy resistance exercise in highly trained men and women to determine what sex-dependent responses may exist. Subjects were highly resistance trained men (<em>N</em> = 8, Mean ± SD; age, yrs., 21 ± 1, height, cm, 175.3 ± 6.7, body mass, kg, 87.0 ± 18.5, % body fat, 15.2 ± 5.4, squat X body mass, 2.1 ± 0.4; and women (<em>N</em><span> = 7; Mean ± SD, age, yrs. 24 ± 5, height, cm 164.6 ± 6.7, body mass, kg 76.4 ± 8.8, % body fat, 26.9 ± 5.3, squat X body mass, 1.7 ± 0.6). An acute resistance exercise test protocol (ARET) consisted of 6 sets of 10 repetitions at 80% of the 1 RM with 2 min rest between sets was used as the stressor. Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise, after 3 sets, and then immediately after exercise (IP), 5, 15, 30, and 70 min post-exercise for determination of blood lactate<span> (HLa), and plasma glucose<span>, insulin, cortisol, and GH. Determination of plasma concentrations of IGF</span></span></span><img><span><span>I, IGF binding proteins 1, 2, and 3 along with molecular weight </span>isoform factions were determined at pre, IP and 70 min. GH significantly (</span><em>P</em><span> ≤ 0.05) increased at all time points with resting concentrations significantly higher in women. Significant increases were observed for HLa, glucose, insulin, and cortisol with exercise and into recovery with no sex-dependent observations. Women showed IGF-I values that were higher than men at all times points with both seeing exercise increases. IGFBP-1 and 2 showed increase with exercise with no sex-dependent differences. IGFBP-3 concentrations were higher in women at all-time points with no exercise induced changes. Both women and men saw an exercise induced increase with significantly higher values in GH in only the mid-range (30-60 kD) isoform.  Only women saw an exercise induced increase with significantly higher values for IGF fractions only in the mid-range (30–60 kD) isoform, which were significantly greater than the men at the IP and 70 min post-exercise time points. In conclusion, the salient findings of this investigation were that in highly resistance trained men and women, sexual dimorphisms exist but appear different from our prior work in untrained men and women and appear to support a sexual dimorphism related to compensatory aspects in women for anabolic mediating mechanisms in cellular interactions.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39105370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between insulin-like growth factor 1 and pancreatic volume in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: cross-sectional study of a Japanese population","authors":"Tomoyasu Fukui ,&nbsp;Ayako Fukase ,&nbsp;Hiroto Sasamori ,&nbsp;Makoto Ohara ,&nbsp;Yusaku Mori ,&nbsp;Michishige Terasaki ,&nbsp;Munenori Hiromura ,&nbsp;Hideki Kushima ,&nbsp;Tetsuro Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Sho-ichi Yamagishi","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims/hypothesis</h3><p>Although IGF-1 is known to promote organ growth, including exocrine pancreas, the association between plasma IGF-1 levels and pancreatic size remains unclear in diabetic patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the correlations among pancreatic volume (PV) based on computed tomography, IGF-1 levels, age- and sex-adjusted IGF-1 levels (IGF-1 </span><em>Z</em><span>-score), and C-peptide levels in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (</span><em>n</em> = 51) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) (<em>n</em> = 104) in a Japanese population.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PV was significantly correlated with body weight (BW) in both types of diabetes. PV adjusted for BW (PV/BW), IGF-1 <em>Z</em><span>-score and C-peptide levels were significantly lower in patients with T1D than T2D. There was a significant positive correlation between C-peptide levels and PV/BW in both subtypes of diabetes. IGF-1 </span><em>Z</em>-scores were significantly correlated with PV/BW in patients with T1D (<em>r</em> = 0.37, <em>P</em> = 0.007), but not T2D. Although IGF-1 <em>Z</em><span>-scores were not correlated with age, age of disease onset, disease duration, HbA1c, or C-peptide levels in both types of diabetes, a multivariable liner regression analysis revealed that IGF-1 </span><em>Z</em>-score and C-peptide levels were independent correlates of PV/BW in T1D patients, while C-peptide levels were a sole correlate in T2D.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions/interpretation</h3><p>Decreased IGF-1 levels might be one causal factor for smaller pancreas in patients with T1D.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38932352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and clinical burden of comorbidities among patients with acromegaly","authors":"Melanie D. Whittington ,&nbsp;Kathryn A. Munoz ,&nbsp;John D. Whalen ,&nbsp;Antonio Ribeiro-Oliveira ,&nbsp;Jonathan D. Campbell","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Acromegaly is a rare, pituitary hormonal disorder that requires improved awareness worldwide. The objective of this analysis was to quantify the clinical and economic burden of comorbidities for patients with acromegaly and examine the influence of biochemical control on these outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>Markov cohort decision analytic model consisting of two states, including alive (with and without comorbidity) and dead.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cohort of patients with acromegaly who had achieved biochemical control, a cohort of patients with acromegaly who had not achieved biochemical control, and a cohort of individuals from the general US population were tracked over a lifetime time horizon. The model tracked the proportion of the alive population that had each comorbidity based on age, sex, presence of acromegaly, and biochemical control status. The proportion of patients with each acromegaly-associated comorbidity were assigned comorbidity-associated costs, disutilities, and increased risk of mortality.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with the general population, controlled acromegaly resulted in $192,000 additional comorbidity-related costs, 0.7 fewer years of life, 2.9 fewer quality-adjusted life years, and 1.1 more comorbidities across the remaining lifespan. Compared with the general population, uncontrolled acromegaly resulted in $285,000 additional comorbidity-related costs, 0.9 fewer years of life, 4.2 fewer quality-adjusted life years, and 1.6 more comorbidities across the remaining lifespan.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Achieving biochemical control is associated with improvements in cost, quality of life, and mortality, albeit not to the level of the general population. A multimodal treatment strategy including biochemical control and management of comorbidities is necessary to improve patient outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 101389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39094365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of androgens and estrogens over cellular GH sensitivity in HEPG2 cells","authors":"Paula Ocaranza,&nbsp;Germán Íñiguez,&nbsp;M. Cecilia Johnson,&nbsp;Fernando Cassorla","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Testosterone and estrogen concentrations progressively increase during puberty, and in association with growth hormone (GH), lead to the increase in height velocity known as the pubertal growth spurt. Very limited information is available however, regarding the possible effects of sex steroids over GH cellular sensitivity.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the effects of different concentrations of testosterone, estradiol and dihydrotestosterone over the GH intracellular signaling pathway.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We evaluated the effects of these sex steroids on the nuclear phosphorylation of STAT5b and <em>IGF-1</em> expression, in HEPG2 human hepatoma cells. In addition, we studied whether Tamoxifen (TAM), can modulate these effects.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The highest concentration of T tested (10 ng/mL) co-incubated with a fixed concentration of GH (40 ng/mL) increased nuclear STAT5b phosphorylation compared with GH alone (1.34 ± 0.2 vs 0.6 ± 0.09 AU; *<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), as well as <em>IGF-1</em> expression (0.6 ± 0.03 vs 0.32 ± 0.05 AU; *p &lt; 0.05). This effect was not observed with lower concentrations of T tested (1 and 5 ng/mL). A similar increase in nuclear STAT5b phosphorylation was observed with the lowest concentration of E₂ tested (20 pg/mL), co-incubated with the same fixed concentration of GH (3.6 ± 0.5 vs 1.28 ± 0.33 AU; *<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). This effect was also associated with an increase in <em>IGF-1</em> expression (0.73 ± 0.02 vs 0.39 ± 0.04 AU; *<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). These results were not observed with higher concentrations of E₂ tested (75 and 200 pg/mL). DHT at concentrations of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 ng/mL, co-stimulated with GH, did not change cytoplasmic STAT5b phosphorylation, nuclear STAT5b or <em>IGF-1</em> expression. In addition, the co-incubation of TAM with the highest concentration of T tested (10 ng/mL) and GH (40 ng/mL) did not change cytoplasmic, nuclear pSTAT5 levels or <em>IGF-1</em> expression.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>T and E₂ potentiate the GH signaling pathway in a concentration-dependent fashion. The observation that the non-aromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone does not stimulate this pathway, and that the effects of T are blocked with TAM, suggests that the effects of T over the GH signaling pathway appear to be mediated by estrogen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38970946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulse wave velocity is decreased in acromegaly compared to non-acromegaly study participants with similar cardiovascular risk profile","authors":"Irina Filchenko ,&nbsp;Lyudmila Korostovtseva ,&nbsp;Mikhail Bochkarev ,&nbsp;Maria Boyarinova ,&nbsp;Asiyat Alieva ,&nbsp;Oxana Rotar ,&nbsp;Yuri Sviryaev ,&nbsp;Uliana Tsoi ,&nbsp;Elena Grineva","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101395","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Acromegaly&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; patients were reported to have an increased arterial stiffness that could contribute to the frequent cardiovascular complications in this population. The chronic excess of GH and IGF-1 may lead to arterial stiffening via different mechanisms, including hypertension, &lt;/span&gt;impaired glucose tolerance and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;dyslipidemia, however, it is not known whether the activation of GH/IGF-1 axis might influence arterial stiffening independently of cardiovascular risk factors. The objective of this prospective case-control study was to compare arterial stiffness assessed with pulse-wave velocity (PWV) in acromegaly versus non-acromegaly group with similar cardiovascular risk profile.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;This prospective case-control study included 27 patients with active acromegaly, who underwent the assessment of clinical, physiological, biochemical parameters and the evaluation of PWV with applanation tonometry. We used “The &lt;/span&gt;epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in different regions of the Russian Federation” study database (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 522) to establish a non-acromegaly control group with similar cardiovascular risk profile (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; = 54). Non-acromegaly control participants underwent the same assessment as acromegaly patients except for the measurement of serum GH and IGF-1 levels. We compared PWV in acromegaly patients to the general non-acromegaly cohort and its subset, matched with acromegaly patients for cardiovascular risk factors. We also investigated the associations of PWV with clinical, physiological and biochemical parameters in acromegaly and non-acromegaly group using correlation and regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acromegaly patients had lower PWV (6.70 (5.75–7.65) m/s) compared to unmatched non-acromegaly control cohort (7.50 (6.70–8.57) m/s, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.01) and to the non-acromegaly control group matched for cardiovascular risk factors (7.45 (6.73–8.60), &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt; 0.01). In non-acromegaly control group PWV was associated with BMI (ρ = 0.40, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01; β = 0.09, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01), obesity (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.46, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt; 0.01; β = 1.36, p &lt; 0.01), systolic blood pressure (ρ = 0.60, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01; β = 0.05, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt; 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (ρ = 0.62, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01; β = 0.07, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt; 0.01), triglycerides (ρ = 0.55, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.01; β = 0.58, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.04), glucose (ρ = 0.54, p &lt; 0.01; β = 0.70, p &lt; 0.01) and diabetes (&lt;em&gt;r&lt;/em&gt; = 0.40, p &lt; 0.01; β = 1.10, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; = 0.03), while in acromegaly group PWV was associated with IGF-1 expressed in mcg/ml (ρ = −0.49, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; ≤0.01; β = −0.002, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt; ≤0.01) and in percentage of the upper limit of the normal (ρ = −0.47, &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; = 0.01; β = −0.005, p ≤0.01) as well as with diu","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38960457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of short stature on quality of life: A systematic literature review","authors":"Philippe Backeljauw ,&nbsp;Marco Cappa ,&nbsp;Wieland Kiess ,&nbsp;Lisa Law ,&nbsp;Charlotte Cookson ,&nbsp;Caroline Sert ,&nbsp;John Whalen ,&nbsp;Mehul T. Dattani","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We sought to obtain a better understanding of the burden of short stature using a systematic literature review.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Studies of the burden of short stature, of any cause in adults and children, were searched using Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases in April 2020, capturing publications from 2008 onwards. Case series and populations with adult-onset growth hormone deficiency (GHD) were excluded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 1684 publications identified, 41 studies (33 in children, 8 in adults) were included. All studies assessed human burden. Most study populations in children included short stature due to GHD, idiopathic short stature (ISS) and short stature after being born small for gestational age (SGA). In these populations, four studies showed that quality of life (QoL) in children with short stature was significantly worse than in children with normal stature. A significant association between QoL and short stature was observed in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (3 studies), achondroplasia (1 study) and transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia (1 study), and in samples with mixed causes of short stature (3 studies). Three studies (one in GHD/ISS/SGA and two in CKD) found no significant association between short stature and QoL, and several studies did not report statistical significance. Approximately half of adult studies showed that QoL was reduced with short stature, and the other half showed no association. Two studies, one in adults with Prader–Willi syndrome and one in children with GHD, suggested a potential association between short stature and poorer cognitive outcomes. Three studies demonstrated an increased caregiver burden in parents of children with short stature.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Evidence suggests that, compared with those with normal stature, children and adults with short stature of any cause may experience poorer QoL. Further research could extend our understanding of the human burden in this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38970949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-intensity interval exercise test stimulates growth hormone secretion in children","authors":"Nitzan Dror ,&nbsp;Michal Pantanowitz ,&nbsp;Dan Nemet ,&nbsp;Alon Eliakim","doi":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>exercise stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion and may serve as a promising physiological test for the diagnosis of GH deficiency. However, exercise standardization for a feasible GH test is still lacking. The aim of the present study was to examine the GH secretion to </span>high intensity interval exercise.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seventeen children (12.4 ± 2.6 years) with impaired growth rate performed high-intensity interval exercise test (HIIE) that included 10 intervals of 15 s all out pedaling against resistance determined by age, sex and weight on a cycle ergometer with 1-min active rest between each interval. Power output measurements were collected during the test. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 30, 45, and 60<!--> <!-->min after the beginning of the exercise test. GH response was compered to pharmacological provocation test (clonidine or glucagon).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>HIIE led to a significant increase in GH levels (<em>p</em><span> &lt; 0.001), with high correlation to GH response following pharmacological stimulation (</span><em>r</em> = 0.82, <em>r</em><span> = 0.80 for clonidine<span> and glucagon respectively, </span></span><em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) A significant correlation was found between mean peak power to body weight and the GH response (<em>r</em> = 0.50, <em>p</em> = 0.04). 83% of the participants who reached peak power &gt; 10 watts/kg had normal GH secretion.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>HIIE is a brief and individualized exercise protocol that may be used as a physiological provocation test for GH secretion. There might be a minimum of anaerobic power needed to induce adequate GH response during HIIE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12803,"journal":{"name":"Growth Hormone & Igf Research","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 101388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38846905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}