Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"A Two-Phase Layered Model for Simulating Leakage Along Faults Considering the Blocking Effect of CO2 Exsolution","authors":"Wang Jixing,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Lin Qianguo,&nbsp;Xue Zhaojie,&nbsp;Ge Zhenxing,&nbsp;Wang Rui","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2384","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ghg.2384","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CO₂ geological storage is associated with the risk of faults activation and CO₂ leakage along the activated faults. During the leakage, pressure decline along the fault causes CO₂ to exsolve from formation water, forming a lower aqueous phase with dissolved CO₂ and an upper two-phase zone with CO₂ bubbles dispersed in water. The CO₂ bubbles in this zone significantly reduce fluid mobility, lowering leakage rates. Existing leakage models neglecting such CO₂ exsolution effect overestimate leakage rates and risks. To address this limitation, this study improves the calculation method for CO₂ gas-phase exsolution location by establishing a pressure distribution equation within faults and deriving an analytical solution for the exsolution location using monitorable fault inlet pressure; a two-phase layered flow model is then developed by incorporating two-phase relative permeability which can reflect the flow resistance effects after CO₂ exsolution. The application of the developed model to a CO₂ leakage case in an oil field located at Ordos Basin, China, demonstrates that the model can reflect the effect of gas-phase CO₂ exsolution along faults. Quantitative analysis shows a 67%–75% reduction in CO₂ leakage rate simulated by the layered model compared to non-layered models, indicating that the developed model can address the influence of CO₂ exsolution on blocking leakage fluid flow and thus calculate the leakage amount more accurately. 2025 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12796,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"100-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Assessment of CO2–Water Relative Permeability in the Tight Brenha Limestone Formation, Lusitanian Basin, Portugal","authors":"Clive E. Besua,&nbsp;Gustavo Paneiro,&nbsp;Hugo Matias","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ghg.2386","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurate relative permeability data are essential for evaluating the performance of geological reservoirs. Characterizing multiphase flow in these geological reservoirs, particularly in low-permeability formations (with an average permeability of 0.165 mD), such as the Brenha limestone, where capillary effects are significant, requires an analytical technique that can capture the dynamic interactions between capillary forces and saturation profiles. This study presents experimental measurements of CO₂–water relative permeability in tight limestone samples from the Brenha Formation, addressing critical parameters for the feasibility assessment of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Unsteady-state core flooding experiments were performed using these rock samples under reservoir conditions at a constant flow rate to determine multiphase flow properties. These multiphase flow properties values were calculated using the Ramakrishnan–Cappiello method, which accurately captures the realistic flow behavior of heterogeneous core samples, particularly where capillary pressure dominates viscous forces, resulting in a more accurate residual fluid saturation compared to conventional unsteady-state methods. Results indicate that the Brenha Limestone exhibits typical limestone relative permeability behavior, with CO₂ breakthrough occurring at water saturations ranging from 0.25 to 0.82. The CO₂ relative permeability ranges from 0.021 to 0.876, whereas the water relative permeability varies from 0.014 to 0.672 across the saturation range. Significant hysteresis effects were observed, with a 5%–16% reduction in relative permeability between imbibition and drainage cycles. The tight nature of the Brenha Formation limestone from Barreiro 3 well with average permeability of 0.165 mD, significantly influences multiphase flow characteristics, necessitating the use of specialized experimental and analytical techniques. These findings provide critical input parameters for assessing CO₂ storage capacity, optimizing injection strategies, and assessing containment integrity in the Brenha Limestone formation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12796,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"90-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Assessment of CO2–Water Relative Permeability in the Tight Brenha Limestone Formation, Lusitanian Basin, Portugal","authors":"Clive E. Besua,&nbsp;Gustavo Paneiro,&nbsp;Hugo Matias","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2386","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ghg.2386","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurate relative permeability data are essential for evaluating the performance of geological reservoirs. Characterizing multiphase flow in these geological reservoirs, particularly in low-permeability formations (with an average permeability of 0.165 mD), such as the Brenha limestone, where capillary effects are significant, requires an analytical technique that can capture the dynamic interactions between capillary forces and saturation profiles. This study presents experimental measurements of CO₂–water relative permeability in tight limestone samples from the Brenha Formation, addressing critical parameters for the feasibility assessment of carbon capture and storage (CCS). Unsteady-state core flooding experiments were performed using these rock samples under reservoir conditions at a constant flow rate to determine multiphase flow properties. These multiphase flow properties values were calculated using the Ramakrishnan–Cappiello method, which accurately captures the realistic flow behavior of heterogeneous core samples, particularly where capillary pressure dominates viscous forces, resulting in a more accurate residual fluid saturation compared to conventional unsteady-state methods. Results indicate that the Brenha Limestone exhibits typical limestone relative permeability behavior, with CO₂ breakthrough occurring at water saturations ranging from 0.25 to 0.82. The CO₂ relative permeability ranges from 0.021 to 0.876, whereas the water relative permeability varies from 0.014 to 0.672 across the saturation range. Significant hysteresis effects were observed, with a 5%–16% reduction in relative permeability between imbibition and drainage cycles. The tight nature of the Brenha Formation limestone from Barreiro 3 well with average permeability of 0.165 mD, significantly influences multiphase flow characteristics, necessitating the use of specialized experimental and analytical techniques. These findings provide critical input parameters for assessing CO₂ storage capacity, optimizing injection strategies, and assessing containment integrity in the Brenha Limestone formation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12796,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"90-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Flame Ionisation Detector Technique to Analyse Gas Tracers for CO2-Based Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications in High-Temperature Reservoirs","authors":"Subhadip Maiti,&nbsp;Rishabh Tripathi,&nbsp;Anooja Sara Mathew,&nbsp;Sandeep D. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2383","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ghg.2383","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Perfluorocarbon (PFC) gas tracers perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PMCH) and perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane (PDCH) were evaluated for CO₂ geo-storage and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications under high-temperature conditions. A novel detection method using a flame ionisation detector (FID) was employed as a cost-effective and environmentally safer alternative to the conventional electron capture detector (ECD), overcoming associated regulatory and maintenance challenges. Thermal stability was assessed by aging the tracers with CO₂ at 120°C for 48 h, with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) confirming no degradation. Adsorption studies revealed minimal adsorption with sandstone, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicated no significant mineralogical alterations. Wettability tests confirmed a water-wet environment with a contact angle of ≈52°, whereas interfacial tension remained stable at ≈56.45 mN/m. The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of CO₂ was determined at ≈1500 psi using a slim tube apparatus. Core flooding experiments on sandstone cores from the Rajasthan oilfield, India, were conducted to evaluate tracer transport behaviour. Breakthrough curves obtained from gas chromatography–FID analysis were used to derive swept pore volume, sweep efficiency, Lorentz coefficient and tortuosity. The findings confirm the thermal and chemical stability of PMCH and PDCH tracers, validating their application in reservoir characterisation and CO₂ monitoring. The FID-based detection approach was proven effective and practical.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12796,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"16-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological Storage of CO2 and H2: A Bibliometric Synthesis of General and Laboratory-Scale Research Evolution","authors":"Sara Roces,&nbsp;Jhon Caicedo-Potosí,&nbsp;Timea Kovács,&nbsp;Berta Ordóñez-Casado,&nbsp;Sergio Llana-Fúnez,&nbsp;Edgar Berrezueta","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2380","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ghg.2380","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Underground gas storage is a cornerstone technology for addressing climate change and advancing the clean energy transition. By managing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing energy system resilience, it supports global sustainability goals. This study presents a comparative bibliometric analysis and review of geological CO₂ and H₂ storage research based on publications indexed in Scopus till December 31, 2024. For CO₂ storage, 21,996 publications were identified, including 8447 focused on laboratory-scale experiments (38.4%), with sandstones being the most studied lithology. Key topics include monitoring (1.25%), enhanced oil recovery (1.24%) and injection (0.99%), whereas key parameters that govern CO₂–rock–fluid interactions are porosity, permeability, adsorption–desorption and density. H₂ storage research, comprising 4229 publications, 1541 of which are related to laboratory-scale experiments (36.43%), has exhibited exponential growth since 2020. Major areas of focus include CO₂-related studies (1.8%), wettability (1.29%) and cushion gas (0.97%); and key parameters are porosity and permeability, together with geomechanical and microbial parameters. Across all laboratory-scale studies, pH measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), computed tomography (CT), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are the most frequently applied techniques to characterize fluid–rock interactions. A total of 546 papers address combined laboratory studies on CO₂ and H₂ storage. The co-occurrence analysis of keywords within these studies highlights emerging thematic interconnections and research synergies between both storage technologies. Results of both research domains underscore the critical role of experimental methodologies in advancing understanding of reservoir behaviour and storage capacity. These findings highlight the need for interdisciplinary innovation and international collaboration to overcome technical challenges and accelerate the deployment of geological gas storage applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12796,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"111-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ghg.2380","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 Capture Using Red Mud: A Review of Process Variables, Mechanisms, and Post-Carbonation Challenges","authors":"Suman,&nbsp;Alok Tripathy","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ghg.2388","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rise in greenhouse gas emissions, mainly anthropogenic CO₂, is causing global warming that leads to climate change and has become a matter of global concern. This review investigates the use of red mud in CO₂ capture and highlights recent advancements over the past 25 years. The bauxite ore is digested with sodium hydroxide to form sodium aluminate using Bayer's process, leaving behind a highly alkaline residue known as red mud. This residue is a well-suited feedstock material for CO₂ capture processes and its subsequent neutralization. This article discusses the fundamentals of red mud and various pathways for carbonation. Then, the chemical and mineralogical components of red mud that contribute to the adsorption of CO₂ are investigated. It then focuses on research progress and provides an up-to-date review of recent advances in CO₂ capture using red mud. This article reviews the mechanism and critically evaluates the process variables that influence the adsorption of CO₂ in red mud. It also provides insight into recent activation methods to improve its capacity. It then discusses the associated post-carbonation challenges with red mud, concluding that further research is needed in reshaping red mud's perception from industrial waste to a valuable feedstock material for key carbon-emitting industries. This review serves as a comprehensive reference in the emerging area of CO₂ capture using red mud and addresses the distinct gap of process variables, mechanisms, and post-carbonation challenges. The ultimate aim is to resolve the CO₂ emitted into the atmosphere and its simultaneous neutralization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12796,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"158-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Potential of Flame Ionisation Detector Technique to Analyse Gas Tracers for CO2-Based Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications in High-Temperature Reservoirs","authors":"Subhadip Maiti,&nbsp;Rishabh Tripathi,&nbsp;Anooja Sara Mathew,&nbsp;Sandeep D. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ghg.2383","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Perfluorocarbon (PFC) gas tracers perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PMCH) and perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane (PDCH) were evaluated for CO₂ geo-storage and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) applications under high-temperature conditions. A novel detection method using a flame ionisation detector (FID) was employed as a cost-effective and environmentally safer alternative to the conventional electron capture detector (ECD), overcoming associated regulatory and maintenance challenges. Thermal stability was assessed by aging the tracers with CO₂ at 120°C for 48 h, with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) confirming no degradation. Adsorption studies revealed minimal adsorption with sandstone, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicated no significant mineralogical alterations. Wettability tests confirmed a water-wet environment with a contact angle of ≈52°, whereas interfacial tension remained stable at ≈56.45 mN/m. The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of CO₂ was determined at ≈1500 psi using a slim tube apparatus. Core flooding experiments on sandstone cores from the Rajasthan oilfield, India, were conducted to evaluate tracer transport behaviour. Breakthrough curves obtained from gas chromatography–FID analysis were used to derive swept pore volume, sweep efficiency, Lorentz coefficient and tortuosity. The findings confirm the thermal and chemical stability of PMCH and PDCH tracers, validating their application in reservoir characterisation and CO₂ monitoring. The FID-based detection approach was proven effective and practical.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12796,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"16-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of CaO–Ni Blends for Enhanced CO2 Adsorption: Aspen Plus Simulation Study","authors":"Soomro Sarmad,&nbsp;Dennis Lu,&nbsp;Zhenkun Sun,&nbsp;Muhammad Mubashir,&nbsp;Abid Ali,&nbsp;Lunbo Duan","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ghg.2385","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are essential for mitigating global CO₂ emissions, yet challenges such as high energy consumption and material degradation hinder their widespread adoption. This study investigates the integration of nickel (Ni) into calcium oxide (CaO) sorbents to enhance CO₂ capture efficiency by leveraging Ni's catalytic properties to optimize carbonation kinetics. Aspen Plus simulations were employed to evaluate the effects of varying Ni concentrations (5–25 wt%) on reaction rates, activation energy, and carbonation efficiency. The results revealed that adding Ni considerably reduced the activation energy from 178 kJ/mol (pure CaO) to 70–90 kJ/mol. The maximum catalytic efficiency was achieved at 20 wt% Ni. At this concentration, the rate of the carbonation reaction increased exponentially, leading to considerable improvements in CO₂ collection and CaCO₃ formation rates. Sensitivity analysis identified key operational parameters, such as temperature, CO₂ partial pressure, and flow rates, for improving process optimization in industrial settings. In comparison to typical CaO-based sorbents, Ni–CaO blends demonstrated higher catalytic efficiency and lower energy needs, addressing key challenges in CCS systems. This work distinguishes itself from previous CaO stability studies by integrating process optimization and kinetic modeling, resulting in practical insights for the development of energy-efficient CO₂ capture technologies. Future research ought to explore the long-term stability of Ni–CaO sorbents and incorporate renewable energy sources to increase the sustainability and economic feasibility of CCS systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12796,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"33-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 Capture Using Red Mud: A Review of Process Variables, Mechanisms, and Post-Carbonation Challenges","authors":"Suman,&nbsp;Alok Tripathy","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2388","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ghg.2388","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rise in greenhouse gas emissions, mainly anthropogenic CO₂, is causing global warming that leads to climate change and has become a matter of global concern. This review investigates the use of red mud in CO₂ capture and highlights recent advancements over the past 25 years. The bauxite ore is digested with sodium hydroxide to form sodium aluminate using Bayer's process, leaving behind a highly alkaline residue known as red mud. This residue is a well-suited feedstock material for CO₂ capture processes and its subsequent neutralization. This article discusses the fundamentals of red mud and various pathways for carbonation. Then, the chemical and mineralogical components of red mud that contribute to the adsorption of CO₂ are investigated. It then focuses on research progress and provides an up-to-date review of recent advances in CO₂ capture using red mud. This article reviews the mechanism and critically evaluates the process variables that influence the adsorption of CO₂ in red mud. It also provides insight into recent activation methods to improve its capacity. It then discusses the associated post-carbonation challenges with red mud, concluding that further research is needed in reshaping red mud's perception from industrial waste to a valuable feedstock material for key carbon-emitting industries. This review serves as a comprehensive reference in the emerging area of CO₂ capture using red mud and addresses the distinct gap of process variables, mechanisms, and post-carbonation challenges. The ultimate aim is to resolve the CO₂ emitted into the atmosphere and its simultaneous neutralization.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12796,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"158-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downdraft Devices for Negative Emissions—Quantification Study and Environmental Implication","authors":"Xiaokun Yao,&nbsp;Tao Tao,&nbsp;Tingzhen Ming,&nbsp;Renaud de Richter,&nbsp;Wei Li","doi":"10.1002/ghg.2392","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ghg.2392","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential far exceeding that of CO₂ over short time horizons. Its removal from the atmosphere remains challenging due to its low ambient concentration and chemical stability. This study explores downdraft energy towers (DETs) as an innovative CH₄ mitigation technology that enhances the dominant hydroxyl radical (·OH) sink via water vapor release. A coupled modeling framework integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and a simplified atmospheric chemistry model was developed to quantify the influence of operational parameters, environmental conditions, and tower scale. The CFD simulations evaluated internal flow dynamics and water vapor output, whereas the atmospheric model estimated ·OH production and CH₄ oxidation potential. Results indicate that higher water injection rates, elevated ambient temperatures, and lower relative humidity markedly increase downdraft strength, vapor emissions, and ·OH formation. Scaling analysis showed that an 800 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 <annotation>${mathrm{m}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> DET could remove up to 141.17 t CH₄ per year, with the highest efficiency in hot, dry climates. These findings highlight DETs as a promising complementary option for greenhouse gas mitigation and provide guidance for optimizing their design and deployment in climate engineering strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12796,"journal":{"name":"Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"75-89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ghg.2392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}