Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Faricimab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema: from preclinical studies to phase 3 outcomes.","authors":"Hansjürgen Agostini, Francis Abreu, Caroline R Baumal, Dolly S Chang, Karl G Csaky, Anna M Demetriades, Laurent Kodjikian, Jennifer I Lim, Philippe Margaron, Jordi M Monés, Tunde Peto, Federico Ricci, Matthias Rüth, Rishi P Singh, Ivaylo Stoilov, Balakumar Swaminathan, Jeffrey R Willis, Peter D Westenskow","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06531-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06531-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is the standard of care for diabetic macular edema (DME) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD); however, vision gains and anatomical improvements are not sustained over longer periods of treatment, suggesting other relevant targets may be needed to optimize treatments. Additionally, frequent intravitreal injections can prove a burden for patients and caregivers. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) has been explored as an additional therapeutic target, due to the involvement of Ang-2 in DME and nAMD pathogenesis. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that targeting both VEGF and Ang-2 may improve clinical outcomes in DME and nAMD compared with targeting VEGF alone by enhancing vascular stability, resulting in reduced macular leakage, prevention of neovascularization, and diminished inflammation. Faricimab, a novel bispecific antibody that targets VEGF-A and Ang-2, has been evaluated in clinical trials for DME (YOSEMITE/RHINE) and nAMD (TENAYA/LUCERNE). These trials evaluated faricimab against the anti-VEGFA/B and anti-placental growth factor fusion protein aflibercept, both administered by intravitreal injection. In addition to faricimab efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics, durability was evaluated during the trials using a treat-and-extend regimen. At 1 year, faricimab demonstrated non-inferior vision gains versus aflibercept across YOSEMITE/RHINE and TENAYA/LUCERNE. In YOSEMITE/RHINE, faricimab improved anatomic parameters versus aflibercept. Reduction of central subfield thickness (CST), and absence of both DME and intraretinal fluid were greater in faricimab- versus aflibercept-treated eyes. In TENAYA/LUCERNE, CST reductions were greater for faricimab than aflibercept at the end of the head-to-head phase (0-12 weeks), and were comparable with aflibercept at year 1, but with less frequent dosing. CST and vision gains were maintained during year 2 of both YOSEMITE/RHINE and TENAYA/LUCERNE. These findings suggest that dual Ang-2/VEGF-A pathway inhibition may result in greater disease control versus anti-VEGF alone, potentially addressing the unmet needs and reducing treatment burden, and improving real-world outcomes and compliance in retinal vascular diseases. Long-term extension studies (RHONE-X, AVONELLE-X) are ongoing. Current evidence suggests that dual inhibition with faricimab heralds the beginning of multitargeted treatment strategies inhibiting multiple, independent components of retinal pathology, with faricimab providing opportunities to reduce treatment burden and improve outcomes compared with anti-VEGF monotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3437-3451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-year outcomes of treat and extend regimen using intravitreal aflibercept injection for treatment-naïve age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"Hikaru Ota, Keiko Kataoka, Keiko Asai, Jun Takeuchi, Yuyako Nakano, Koichi Nakamura, Takahito Todoroki, Koji M Nishiguchi","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06519-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06519-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the long-term outcomes of eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with aflibercept according to a treat-and-extend (T&E) regimen for up to 5 years. Methods This retrospective study included 112 eyes of 111 patients with nAMD who received aflibercept according to the T&E regimen. The patients received 3 monthly injections of aflibercept followed by a T&E regimen for at least 12 months. Data, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), treatment interval, presence of exudation, central retinal thickness, and central choroidal thickness were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 112 consecutive eyes, 66 completed the 5-year follow-up. After 5 years of treatment, BCVA (logMAR) was significantly better than baseline (0.29 ± 0.31 at baseline and 0.18 ± 0.23 at 5 years, P < 0.01). A mean of 7.0 ± 1.5 injections in the first year and 4.9 ± 2.2 injections per year thereafter were required. In eyes with subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) at baseline, BCVA at baseline and 5 years were significantly worse than in eyes without SHRM at baseline and 5 years. However, the eyes with SHRM required fewer injections and exhibited greater BCVA improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This retrospective study demonstrated the effectiveness of the T&E regimen with aflibercept in managing nAMD over a 5-year period, maintaining significant improvements in BCVA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3483-3491"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of 10 MHz ultrasonography for evaluation of posterior lens capsule in traumatic cataract.","authors":"Xixuan Ke, Cuilian Li, Liyu Lin, Yuqiang Huang, Honghe Xia, Chuang Jin, Tingkun Shi, Qi Zhang, Xulong Liao, Haoyu Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06523-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06523-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the performance of 10 MHz ultrasonography in detecting posterior lens capsule defects before traumatic cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis includes patients with traumatic cataracts who underwent cataract surgery. Preoperative 10 MHz ultrasonography was performed to evaluate whether the posterior lens capsule was defective or intact, and the results were compared to the intraoperative findings. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and kappa were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 140 eyes of 140 patients. There were 68 eyes with closed-globe injuries and 72 eyes with open-globe injuries. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and kappa of 10 MHz ultrasonography was 86.76%, 90.28%, 89.39%, 87.84%, 88.57% and 0.771, respectively. The accuracy was 86.11% and 91.18% in open-globe and closed-globe injury groups, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The accuracy of 10 MHz ultrasonography in evaluating the posterior lens capsule in traumatic cataracts is high. Preoperative 10 MHz ultrasonography would help to make an appropriate surgical plan.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3629-3634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phototherapeutic keratectomy for corneal epithelial-stromal dystrophies in pediatric patients.","authors":"Min Chen, Ping Lin, Dewei Li, Le Tian","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06513-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06513-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corneal dystrophies may develop gradually from early onset in childhood and persist for years to decades. Visual impairment or repeated ocular irritations caused by corneal dystrophies severely affect the quality of life. Although various surgical treatment options are indicated for adult patients, the treatment plan for pediatric patients remains unclear. Herein we describe clinical observations of phototherapeutic keratectomy for corneal epithelial-stromal dystrophies in three pediatric patients (five eyes). Corneal opacities were successfully removed, and visual acuity was greatly improved in all operated eyes. The procedure of phototherapeutic keratectomy seems to be feasible in the treatment of corneal epithelial-stromal dystrophies in c hildren, with advantages of minimal invasion and good visual outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3725-3728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Patients with Chronic Exposure to P2X7R Inhibitors.","authors":"Kwang Min Woo, M Abdallah Mahrous, Donald J D'Amico, Szilard Kiss, Kyle D Kovacs","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06507-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06507-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is a purinergic cation channel whose activation has been linked with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Several nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) and abacavir (ABC), have been shown to inhibit P2X7R and improve outcomes in animal models of ARMD. Our aim is to investigate the association between chronic AZT, 3TC, and ABC therapy and ARMD in a clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study comparing 445 patients with HIV and confirmed usage of AZT, 3TC, and ABC against 200 patients with HIV without usage of AZT, 3TC, and ABC and 445 non-HIV infected patients. Fundus examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-ODT) were used to measure prevalence of early-intermediate stage ARMD, geographic atrophy, and exudative ARMD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of early-intermediate stage ARMD between the HIV infected patients with a history of AZT, 3TC, and ABC use and the HIV infected patients without AZT, 3TC, and ABC use (p = 0.887). There was also no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of geographical atrophy (p = 0.062) and exudative AMD (p > 0.999) between the HIV infected patients with a history of AZT, 3TC, and ABC use and non-HIV infected patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We did not find an effect of P2X7R inhibiting antiretrovirals usage on early-intermediate stage ARMD, geographical atrophy, or exudative ARMD. Studies with larger cohort and more rigorous medication history are needed to assess the effects on geographical atrophy or exudative ARMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3493-3499"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140956267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of diabetic retinopathy in anti-tnf treated rheumatic disease patients with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"İffet Merve Uçar Baytaroğlu, Ata Baytaroğlu, Merve Uçar Toros, Hatice Daldal","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06529-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06529-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anti-TNF (biological) therapies on the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis of 50 diabetic patients with rheumatic diseases (group 1) was performed. An age-, sex-, and HbA1c-matched control group (group 2) was formed from a pool of diabetic patients who underwent regular eye examinations. The presence or absence of diabetic retinopathy was also assessed. Comorbidities such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and hyperlipidemia were also evaluated as possible confounding factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hundred eyes of 50 patients were evaluated in each group. Only three patients in group 1 had non-proliferative retinopathy. The median duration of rheumatic disease was 9 years, whereas that of diabetes was 11 years. The mean duration of anti-TNF therapy was 4 years. In the control group of diabetes-only patients, 13 patients developed some form of newly diagnosed diabetic retinopathy during the last five years. The calculated retinopathy occurrence between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In this study, the incidence rate ratio for patients receiving anti-TNF treatment was calculated as 0.4 in the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TNF inhibitors, with their anti-inflammatory effects, positively impact diabetic complications by reducing the incidence of retinopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate retinopathy development after anti-TNF therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3559-3565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cohort study of 19 patients with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GACR).","authors":"Berith M Balfoort, Filip Van Den Broeck, Marion M Brands, Clara D van Karnebeek, Arthur A Bergen, L Ingeborgh van den Born, Riekelt H Houtkooper, Margreet A E M Wagenmakers, Julie De Zaeytijd, Bart P Leroy, Camiel J F Boon, Roselie M H Diederen","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06540-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06540-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina (GACR) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder (IMD) characterised by progressive retinal degeneration, leading to severe visual impairment. The rapid developments in ophthalmic genetic therapies warrant knowledge on clinical phenotype of eligible diseases such as GACR to define future therapeutic parameters in clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective chart analysis was performed in nineteen patients. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28.0.1.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen patients were included with a mean age of 32.6 years (range 8-58). Mean age at onset of ophthalmic symptoms was 7.9 years (range 3-16). Median logMAR of visual acuity at inclusion was 0.26 (range -0.18-3.00). Mean age at cataract surgery was 28.8 years (n = 11 patients). Mean spherical equivalent of the refractive error was -8.96 (range -20.87 to -2.25). Cystoid maculopathy was present in 68% of patients, with a loss of integrity of the foveal ellipsoid zone (EZ) in 24/38 eyes. Of the 14 patients treated with dietary protein restriction, the four patients who started the diet before age 10 showed most benefit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the severe ophthalmic disease course associated with GACR, as well as possible benefit of early dietary treatment. In addition to visual loss, patients experience severe myopia, early-onset cataract, and CME. There is a loss of foveal EZ integrity at a young age, emphasising the need for early diagnosis enabling current and future therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3589-3596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermediate-term impact on corneal endothelial cells and efficacy of Preserflo MicroShunt implantation in patients with open-angle glaucoma - a prospective study over two years.","authors":"Caroline J Gassel, Daniel A Wenzel, Emil Nasyrov, Torsten Strasser, Bogomil Voykov","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06508-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06508-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Preserflo MicroShunt is a novel microinvasive bleb forming device for the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma. The intermediate- and long-term success and the impact of this procedure on corneal endothelial cell density remain to be investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational study, 62 eyes of 55 glaucoma patients (mean age ± SD: 67.0 ± 15.0 years) receiving a Preserflo MicroShunt were included. Corneal endothelial cell density, intraocular pressure and best corrected visual acuity were assessed preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months postoperatively. Success rates, bleb revision rates and complications were analysed. Complete success was defined as an intraocular pressure reduction of ≥ 20% and achieving a target pressure of ≤ 18, ≤ 15 or ≤ 12 mmHg without antiglaucoma medication. Qualified success indicated that the criteria were reached with or without medication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Corneal endothelial cells showed no significant decline over 24 months (p > 0.05). Intraocular pressure showed a substantial reduction postoperatively (p < 0.001), decreasing from 29.6 ± 8,3 mmHg to 13.0 ± 4.3 mmHg after 24 months (p < 0.001). Complete and qualified success with a target pressure ≤ 15 mmHg was achieved in 52.9% and 54.6% of cases after 24 months, respectively. Best corrected visual acuity did not change after 24 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preserflo MicroShunt had no negative side effects on corneal endothelial cells and showed favourable success rates after 2 years in patients with open-angle glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3661-3670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141070817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low vision aids provision in an urban setting in Germany between 2014 and 2017: a regional population based study with healthcare claims data.","authors":"M L Stolwijk, I Meyer, S L van der Pas, J W R Twisk, R M A van Nispen, G H M B van Rens","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06541-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06541-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Little is known about the utilization of low vision services (LVS) in Germany. To understand which persons and how often these services would be utilized, this study aimed to investigate low vision aids (LVAs) provision in an urban setting and to describe user characteristics and trends in their characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study based on a population-based healthcare claims database in Cologne (N = ~ 500,000), Germany. The study population comprised individuals, who were continuously insured at four large statutory health insurers and who redeemed a prescription for visual aids or aids for blindness between January 2014 and December 2017. We examined their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Trends in characteristics were examined with logistic and linear regression models over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of ~ 500,000 persons, 781 unique individuals (~ 0.2%) redeemed an LVA prescription. They were mainly female (68.7%), 60 years or older (75.3%) and had macular degeneration (50.6%) and/or glaucoma (25.9%). In the working-age subgroup, 33.8% were employed. Visual aids were most often prescribed (74.1%) and of all types of LVAs, individuals most commonly redeemed a prescription for magnifiers (35.8%), screen readers (34.3%) and/or canes (17.1%). Of the entire study population, 75.4% received their prescription from an ophthalmologist, 5.3% from a general practitioner and 7.1% from other medical specialists. Significant trends in characteristics of individuals who redeemed an LVA prescription were not found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Between 2014 and 2017, 781 individuals in Cologne redeemed an LVA prescription. They had characteristics which mostly can be explained by the epidemiology of VI. Results indicate that individuals that redeemed LVAs have a magnification requirement of ≥ 1.5-fold and ≥ 6-fold. Furthermore, next to ophthalmologists, general practitioners and other medical specialists seem to play a role in LVA provision as well, which should be taken into account by policy makers when planning interventions for increasing LVS provision. Our findings provide a starting point to examine LVS provision in Germany.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3711-3723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141418550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural OCT and OCT angiography biomarkers associated with the development and progression of geographic atrophy in AMD.","authors":"Veronica Vallino, Alessandro Berni, Andrea Coletto, Sonia Serafino, Francesco Bandello, Michele Reibaldi, Enrico Borrelli","doi":"10.1007/s00417-024-06497-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00417-024-06497-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced, irreversible, and progressive form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) have been largely used to characterize this stage of AMD and, more importantly, to define biomarkers associated with the development and progression of GA in AMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articles pertaining to OCT and OCTA biomarkers related to the development and progression of GA with relevant key words were used to search in PubMed, Researchgate, and Google Scholar. The articles were selected based on their relevance, reliability, publication year, published journal, and accessibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Previous reports have highlighted various OCT and OCTA biomarkers linked to the onset and advancement of GA. These biomarkers encompass characteristics such as the size, volume, and subtype of drusen, the presence of hyperreflective foci, basal laminar deposits, incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA), persistent choroidal hypertransmission defects, and the existence of subretinal drusenoid deposits (also referred to as reticular pseudodrusen). Moreover, biomarkers associated with the progression of GA include thinning of the outer retina, photoreceptor degradation, the distance between retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane, and choriocapillaris loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The advent of novel treatment strategies for GA underscores the heightened need for prompt diagnosis and precise monitoring of individuals with this condition. The utilization of structural OCT and OCTA becomes essential for identifying distinct biomarkers associated with the initiation and progression of GA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12795,"journal":{"name":"Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":"3421-3436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11584504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}