Globalization and Health最新文献

{"title":"The United States withdrawal from the world health organization (WHO), its implications for global health governance.","authors":"Stephen Olaide Aremu, Akyala Ishaku Adamu, Odinaka Kingsley Obeta, Donald Ofili Ibe, Solomon Ambina Mairiga, Mojisola Ashiat Otukoya, Abdillahi Abdi Barkhadle","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01137-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01137-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>On January 20, 2025, the United States initiated its withdrawal from the World Health Organization (WHO) through an executive order, citing concerns over the organization's handling of global health crises, political influences, and financial inequities. This commentary explores the historical context of the U.S.-WHO relationship, provides an analysis of the justifications for withdrawal, and examines the global and domestic consequences of this decision. Historically, the U.S. has been a significant player in the WHO, contributing substantial funding and advancing global health initiatives. However, tensions have arisen, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, where accusations of inefficiency, political bias, and financial disparities became more pronounced. The withdrawal highlights a call for WHO reform, particularly in enhancing transparency, accountability, and efficiency. On a global scale, the U.S. departure threatens to destabilize WHO's funding, weaken leadership, and hinder future pandemic preparedness. Domestically, the U.S. plans to redirect resources to alternative organizations and enhance national health capacities. Critics argue that this move could weaken international collaboration, erode trust, and damage U.S. influence in global health governance. This commentary ultimately underscores the complexities and potential risks associated with disengagement from multilateral health initiatives and the broader implications for global health security.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneath the rhetoric of global justice: Reinforcement of global hegemonic governmentality by South Korea's Global Vaccine Hub Project.","authors":"Jimin Gim, Jiwon Park, Sun Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01134-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01134-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the South Korean government initiated the Global Vaccine Hub Project (GVHP) purportedly to address global vaccine inequality. This study analyzes the strategies and underlying epistemology of GVHP through the perspective of global governmentality. Critical Discourse Study (CDS) approaches were used to identify governmental technologies and explain how their embedded knowledge is related to power relations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings reveal that GVHP merely pursues national interests by implementing governmental technologies, such as calculative practice, support to private companies, patent protection and circumvention, and pursuing vaccine diplomacy. The South Korean government considered the pandemic an economic and diplomatic opportunity to become an advanced country. The governmental strategies resulted in the depoliticization of vaccines and facilitated the government's opposition to other alternatives, such as an intellectual property waiver at the World Trade Organization level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study argues that the failure of global pandemic governance does not imply the failure of global governmentality; rather, the success of neoliberal global governmentality made global solidarity challenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sugar, power and policy: The political economy of a health and economic 'win-win' in Fiji's sugar-sweetened beverage tax.","authors":"Lana M Elliott, Gade D Waqa, Amerita L A Ravuvu, Sarah L Dalglish, Stephanie M Topp","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01139-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01139-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2006, the Fiji Government introduced a 0.05FJ$ (0.03USD) per litre excise tax on domestically produced sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Since then, the tax has been abandoned, reintroduced, or adjusted at least ten times, while tariffs on imported SSBs have also undergone reform. These rapid iterations of Fiji's SSB tax raise questions about which interests and motivations underpin the tax, what instigated the multiple adjustments, and implications for its impact on health versus economic and political considerations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using case study methodology, this study maps the history of SSB tax adjustments in Fiji and examines the political economy forces that have shaped, and continually re-shaped, this policy landscape. We used policy analysis and theories of power to analyse the intersection of ideas, interests and institutions, drawing on policy documents (n = 304), key informant interviews (n = 32) and direct observations of socio-political events (n = 7) as data sources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings from this study indicate that the introduction of the SSB tax and subsequent adjustments were motivated more by economic, than health, imperatives. The relationship of mutual dependence between the Fiji Government and domestic SSB industry actors led policymakers to make multiple adjustments, seesawing in an attempt to balance the immediate need for revenue and long-term economic development through strengthened local industries. Early SSB tax lobbying from health actors alone had minimal impact. However, a subsequent alliance between government health actors and politically savvy and well-positioned civil society actors proved persuasive in both increasing the tax rate and ensuring a health and rights focus, arguably achieving a health and economic 'win-win'.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Global adoption of SSB taxes is increasing. Examining the protracted history of Fiji's SSB tax reveals the political ebbs and flows that alter how prospective population health 'wins' are weighed up against other policy imperatives. For health-interested actors, these insights point to important strategic in-roads around the explicit use of political economy analysis to complement technical policy insights. Building and maintaining coalitions that extend beyond government and into civil society also proved pivotal. Health system leadership that champions political thinking and cross-sectoral partnerships holds great promise for enhancing health actors' engagement with SSB tax-specific policy making and other multisectoral reform in Fiji and elsewhere.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for improving migrant health in Iran: a realist review.","authors":"Kanishka Ghiasi, Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad, Hossein Dargahi, Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan, Mahdi Abbasi","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01133-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01133-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Migration is a growing global phenomenon and a recognized social determinant of health, contributing to significant health inequities between migrant and host populations. Iran, hosting an estimated 4.5 million migrants-including undocumented individuals-faces persistent challenges in ensuring equitable access to healthcare. This study identifies strategies to inform context-specific interventions within Iran's health system to improve migrant health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a realist review, searching PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and grey literature from 2010 to 2024. Using the Intervention-Context-Mechanism-Outcome (ICMO) framework, we analyzed 67 studies to identify effective strategies for enhancing migrant health in Iran. Ritchie and Spencer's five-stage framework method was applied to analyse the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-seven strategies were identified. Mechanisms underpinning successful interventions included trust-building through intersectoral governance, reduction of financial barriers via inclusive insurance schemes, increased accessibility through cultural competency training, and improved service reach using digital health and community-based outreach. Iran-specific implications included the potential for piloting migrant-inclusive insurance for vulnerable groups and expanding culturally tailored services through community health workers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Contextual adaptation of global strategies can address systemic barriers and improve health equity for migrants in Iran. The findings offer evidence-based, actionable insights for policymakers seeking to localize global best practices within Iran's healthcare infrastructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on maternal mortality: evidence from global, developed and developing countries.","authors":"Nicholas Ngepah, Charles S Saba, Ariane Ephemia Ndzignat Mouteyica, Abieyuwa Ohonba","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01135-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01135-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on maternal mortality in alignment with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1, which aims to reduce maternal mortality to below 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. Despite advancements, maternal mortality remains disproportionately high in developing countries due to weaker healthcare infrastructure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using panel data from 70 countries (1990-2022), sourced from WHO's Global Burden of Disease (GBD), World Bank's World Development Indicators (WDI), UNCTAD, and the World Robotics database, we apply the Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach to assess AI's impact over time and the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine short- and long-term effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AI adoption significantly reduces maternal mortality, particularly in developing countries, where post-2000 advancements have led to notable declines. ARDL results show that 27% of deviations from long-term maternal mortality trends are corrected annually, highlighting AI's sustained impact. The DiD analysis indicates AI's greatest benefits in resource-limited settings, including improving early diagnostics, personalized care, and remote monitoring. In developed countries, AI's effects are marginal due to existing advanced healthcare systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI presents a transformative solution for reducing maternal mortality, particularly in low-resource settings. Policymakers should prioritize AI-driven healthcare, expand digital infrastructure, and ensure equitable access to maximize its benefits. AI integration is crucial for addressing maternal health disparities and accelerating progress toward SDG 3.1.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144729873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the political economy of reforming global health initiatives - insights from global and country levels.","authors":"Sophie Witter, Natasha Palmer, Rosemary Jouhaud, Shehla Zaidi, Severine Carillon, Rene English, Giulia Loffreda, Emilie Venables, Shifa Salman Habib, Jeff Tan, Fatouma Hane, Maria Paola Bertone, Seyed-Moeen Hosseinalipour, Valery Ridde, Asad Shoaib, Adama Faye, Lilian Dudley, Karen Daniels, Karl Blanchet","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01129-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01129-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Since 2000, the number and role of global health initiatives (GHIs) has been growing, with these platforms playing an increasingly important role in pooling and disbursing funds dedicated to specific global health priorities. While recognising their important contribution, there has also been a growth in concerns about distortions and inefficiencies linked to the GHIs and attempts to improve their alignment with country health systems. There is a growing momentum to adjust GHIs to the current broader range of global health threats, such as non-communicable diseases, humanitarian crises and climate change, and against the backdrop of the recent aid cuts. However, reform attempts are challenged by the political economy of the current structures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this article, we draw on research conducted as part of the Future of Global Health Initiatives process. The study adopted a cross-sectional, mixed-methods approach, drawing from a range of data sources and data collection methods, including a global and regional level analysis as well as three embedded country case studies in Pakistan, South Africa and Senegal. All data was collected from February to July 2023. 271 documents were analysed in the course of the study, along with data from 335 key informants and meeting participants in 66 countries and across a range of constituencies. For this paper, data were analysed using a political economy framework which focused on actors, context (especially governance and financing) and framing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Findings: &lt;/strong&gt;In relation to actors, the GHIs themselves have become increasingly complex (both internally and in their interrelations with other global health actors and one another). They have a large range of clients (including at national level and amongst multilateral agencies) which function as collaborators as well as competitors. Historically there have been few incentives for any of the actors to maximise collaboration given the competitive funding landscape. Power to exert pressure for reforms sits ultimately with bilateral and private funders, though single-issue northern non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are also cited as important influencers. Funders have not collaborated to enable reforms, despite concerns amongst a number of them, because of the helpful functional role of GHIs, which serves funder interests. Some key global boards are reported to be engineered for stasis, and there are widespread concerns about lack of transparency and over-claiming (by some GHIs) of their results. Framing of narratives about achievements and challenges is important to enable or block reforms and are vigorously contested, with stakeholders often selecting different outcomes to emphasise in justifying positions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;GHIs have played an important role in the global health ecosystem but despite formal accountability structures to include recipient governments,","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding international travelers' intentions to adopt protective behaviors against malaria during staying abroad: insights from a study of Chinese international travelers.","authors":"Yi Wang, Fang Fang, Chengyuan Li, Junjun Wang, Guangyu Lu, Yuzheng Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01132-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01132-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Imported malaria cases from endemic regions pose significant challenges for malaria-free countries, leading to diagnostic delays, high treatment costs, and the potential for secondary local transmissions. There is a lack of understanding regarding the cognitive decision-making processes that influence travelers' intentions to engage in protective behaviors against malaria. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the factors that impact the willingness of travelers from China to adopt protective measures against malaria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study conducted between March and October 2023, we utilized an online survey based on the malaria knowledge and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) scales in Nanjing and Suzhou of Jiangsu Province, China. The survey was distributed by staff from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to Chinese international travelers after their returning from abroad. We analyzed the intentions to engage in malaria protective behaviors by multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 252 international travelers from Jiangsu Province provided valid responses. Approximately 127 (50.4%) reported that their destination was a malaria-endemic area when they had traveled abroad. All seven PMT subconstructs were significantly affected by the malaria knowledge (all P < 0.05). Of all seven PMT subconstructs, two (severity and vulnerability) were strongly associated with intentions to engage in protective behavior. Notably, the level of malaria knowledge was insufficient for motivating protective behavior intention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intention to engage in antimalarial behaviors is closely linked to travelers' evaluation of malaria-related risks and their perceived ability to manage these threats. It is essential to enhance general knowledge on the risk of malaria and to provide robust pre- and post-travel healthcare for international travelers heading to malaria-endemic regions. This approach will empower travelers to adopt protective measures and reduce the incidence of imported malaria cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lived experiences of migrant men witnessing and surviving sexual violence in European transit spaces.","authors":"Leni Linthout, Ilse Derluyn, Caroline Desombre, Massil Benbouriche, Ines Keygnaert","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01131-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01131-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite increased scholarly attention to sexual violence, victimization among migrant men and boys remains under researched. This study aims to explore 1) migrant men's views on and understandings of sexual victimization, 2) their own experiences with surviving and witnessing sexual violence during their past and ongoing migration journeys and 3) the consequences of such victimization and their coping behaviors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participant observation in Brussels (Belgium) and Calais (France) preceded in-depth interviews with 39 migrant men between 16 and 47. Participants varied in age, nationality, educational level and aspired migration projects yet all of them were undocumented. They held varying, yet consistently gendered understandings of sexual violence, depicting women as victims and men as perpetrators. Although they did not explicitly label their own experiences as sexual violence, both direct and indirect forms of it were part of their past and ongoing migration trajectories. Sexual violence had a profound impact on men, inducing shame and challenging their masculine identity. Coping and prevention strategies ranged from normalizing or minimizing the violence and avoidantly forgetting, to protecting one another against future threats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results advocate for safe legal migration routes, increased awareness of migrant men's vulnerabilities to sexual violence, and enhanced training and screening of professionals and volunteers working in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12219245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internationalisation and moral economies in healthcare: NHS exporting and the English patient.","authors":"Benjamin M Hunter","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01122-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01122-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contemporary conditions require detailed study of internationalisation. This article offers a novel perspective on processes of internationalisation in healthcare, adapting an approach from higher education studies and enhancing it with insights from sociological scholarship on moral economies. The article asks how institutions and individuals respond to the globalising healthcare environment, and what this reveals about normative questions that govern healthcare provisioning in national contexts. This is pursued using qualitative data from a study on international commercial services in the English National Health Service (NHS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of the research demonstrate how the UK government has sought to build political consensus around specific (commodified) forms of internationalisation in a context of fiscal austerity and xenophobia surrounding the provision of public services. The English NHS has been politically re-imagined as world-leading and of interest as an export industry. Study findings show this stance is premised normatively on processes of subsidy between two apparently distinct spheres - from international (private) to national (public) - but that in practice the distinction is hazy and subsidy at times indirect, routed to individual staff members or to commercial teams. The ascendancy of this as a prevailing, politically legitimate form of internationalisation for the English NHS contrasts sharply with non-commodified alternatives decried as 'health tourism'.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The internationalisation framework presented in this article offers a platform for future research that can shed light on the contexts, visions, policies and contestations the emerge as healthcare institutions respond to processes of globalisation. It will be important to avoid uncritical approaches to research and policy by examining not just what forms of internationalisation find favour, and their basis in geographical and racialised hierarchies, but also how approaches to healthcare internationalisation impact inequalities within and between nations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on artificial intelligence, machine and deep learning in medicine: global characteristics, readiness, and equity.","authors":"Doris Klingelhöfer, Markus Braun, Janis Dröge, David A Groneberg, Dörthe Brüggmann","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01128-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01128-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) will have a lasting and drastic impact on medical research and healthcare. In addition to the benefits, the associated risks are also the subject of controversial debate and there are fears of serious consequences. There is an urgent need for action, which must be underpinned by scientific information.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>By analyzing temporal and geographic patterns, including national readiness for access to AI, we therefore identified incentives and barriers to global research under socioeconomic conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The explosive increase in annual publications started in 2017. The main players in AI_med research were the USA, China, the UK, Germany, and South Korea. There was a significant correlation between the publication output on AI in medicine (AI_med) and the metrics for economy and innovation. Additionally, citation patterns show the disadvantage of the Global South compared to the North American and European countries. In several weaker economies: Jordan, Pakistan, Egypt, Bangladesh, and Ethiopia, a more positive position was found in relation to the number of articles suggesting a better ranking in AI_med research in the future.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results show the need for advanced global networking to ensure all relevant aspects for equitable development and the beneficial use of AI_med without promoting racial or regional inequities and to enforce this not only in the AI systems of economically strong countries but also for the participation of economically weaker countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}