Globalization and Health最新文献

{"title":"The gates of influence: a mixed-methods analysis of gates foundation media funding and discourse in global health.","authors":"James Hasler-Bail, Jennifer Lacy-Nichols, Katherine Cullerton","doi":"10.1186/s12992-026-01248-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-026-01248-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over the last century, philanthropic foundations have become prominent global health actors increasingly involved in shaping the global health agenda. Concurrently, media organisations have become increasingly reliant on philanthropic funding as media consumption patterns have changed. Philanthropic foundations, such as the Gates Foundation, are positioned to offer financial support to media organisations while being provided with a strategic avenue to draw attention to particular issues and garner support. However, positive media narratives of the Gates Foundation and their focus on market-oriented vertical solutions to global health may divert attention and efforts away from other important horizontal approaches. While these critiques exist, no systematic analyses of the Foundation and their portrayal in the media has been conducted to date. This study aimed to analyse media portrayals of the Gates Foundation across the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia between 2013 and 2023, and to examine whether the Foundation's grant funding of media organisations influences these portrayals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Utilising a mixed-methods approach, this empirical study uncovered that media portrayals predominantly frame the Gates Foundation positively and favour coverage of vertical, disease-specific approaches to global health, particularly infectious diseases, while giving limited coverage to broader horizontal approaches. We found the Foundation donated $291 million USD in grants to media organisations across the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia between 2013 and 2023. However, we found insufficient evidence of an association between this grant funding and positive portrayals (p = > 0.05, OR = 0.5). Limitations associated with sourcing comprehensive funding data, and the complexities of intermediary funding raise important questions about transparency and media independence that requires further exploration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Media coverage of global health philanthropic organisations and the influence of media funding on this coverage has had limited scholarly attention to date. The predominance of positive portrayals and coverage of vertical interventions, despite insufficient evidence of an association with grant funding, highlights the value of independent reporting that critically examines prominent philanthropic actors and adequately addresses the full spectrum of global health challenges and solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Lived experiences of migrant men witnessing and surviving sexual violence in European transit spaces.","authors":"Leni Linthout, Ilse Derluyn, Caroline Desombre, Massil Benbouriche, Ines Keygnaert","doi":"10.1186/s12992-026-01245-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-026-01245-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional barriers and professional integration of physicians with an Arab migration background in Germany: a qualitative study.","authors":"Maria Noha El-Halabi, Jutta Hübner, Emadaldin Ahmadi","doi":"10.1186/s12992-026-01239-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-026-01239-3","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Germany faces a persistent physicians shortage f, particularly in hospitals and rural regions. Migrant physicians, especially from Arab countries, represent a crucial component. However, their professional integration is shaped by complex licensure procedures, demanding working conditions, administrative burdens and sociocultural dynamics. While previous research has examined structural and regulatory barriers, limited empirical evidence exists on integration processes from the perspective of Arab physicians themselves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to explore the challenges and experiences of professional integration among physicians with an Arab migration background in the German healthcare system. Particular attention was paid to credential recognition, workplace conditions, language-related challenges, discrimination, cultural dynamics and patient-related barriers in order to identify institutional factors shaping integration processes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A qualitative research design was employed. Twenty physicians (16 men, 4 women) originating from Syria, Lebanon, Egypt and Yemen participated in semi-structured interviews conducted in Arabic or German. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. Interviews lasted 45-60 min and were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated where necessary. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis to identify patterns and overarching themes across narratives. The analysis involved iterative coding and theme development, reflexive consideration of researchers' interpretive roles and examination of divergent and contradictory cases. Theoretical saturation was assessed after approximately 18 interviews, with two additional interviews conducted to confirm that no new core topics emerged.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Five interconnected themes were identified. Participants described the German healthcare system as structurally reliable and well-resourced but characterized by high administrative workload, staff shortages and time pressure. Licensure procedures were experienced as lengthy, opaque and psychologically stressful. Administrative complexity and insufficient onboarding hindered early integration. Language barriers were primarily situational, relating to dialects and colloquial communication rather than medical terminology. Approximately half of participants reported experiences of discrimination, mainly from patients. Shared language and cultural background with Arab patients were perceived as professional resources that enhanced trust and communication. Participants also highlighted systemic barriers affecting patients with migration backgrounds, particularly language barriers and limited knowledge of the healthcare system. Participants additionally described an intermediary role in which their linguistic and cultural resources helped bridge communication and institutional gaps between patie","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling health for equitable benefit-sharing in the global critical mineral value-chain: a lens from East and Southern Africa.","authors":"Rene Loewenson, Lyman Mlambo, Marja Hinfelaar, Francine Iragi Mukotanyi, Japhace Poncian, Josué Lwanzo Lusambo, Janvier Kilosho Buraye, Perez Livias Moyo, Derrick Bwalya","doi":"10.1186/s12992-026-01243-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-026-01243-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Critical minerals used in low-carbon technologies are vital for the global energy transition, but with disproportionate benefit for wealthy countries and risks from their extraction in the Global South. Globally, African countries, particularly in East and Southern Africa, are reported to hold high shares of global reserves of critical minerals such as cobalt, manganese, graphite, copper, nickel and lithium. Large- and small-scale extraction of these critical minerals has thus escalated due to global demand. Despite regional policies to protect health, in practice limited attention is given to health in the sector. The paper outlines the under-reporting of health risks and impacts, particularly in artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM), in vulnerable workers, and in adjacent and displaced communities, women and children in both small and large-scale mining. This leaves a significant information gap in implementing the 2025 South Africa-led G20 Summit call for more equitable benefit-sharing with local communities in the global critical mineral value-chain. Evidence presented in this paper on efforts to assess and manage the health risks in East and Southern Africa points to the role that Health Impact Assessment (HIA) can play as an internationally recognised tool to lever recognition of the distribution of health risks, and to link this to options and duties to plan for, regulate and embed prevention and control of these risks in sector activities, including through inclusive decision-making on the findings. Evidence indicates that Environmental Impact Assessments do not meet this need. The authors thus argue for HIA to be institutionalised as a duty in sites of critical mineral extraction and processing. In East and Southern Africa this calls for strengthened capacities, legal mandates and duties for, and widened implementation and reporting of HIAs, responsive also to ASM contexts, to embed this process as a key early step for equitable benefit-sharing in the global value chain, and as one lever for a more just green transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13673642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global systematic review of how climate change degrades the wellbeing and health of Indigenous children.","authors":"Jaime J Turnbull, Naomi R Hemy, Mara West, Peter N Le Souëf, Corey J A Bradshaw, Melinda A Judge","doi":"10.1186/s12992-026-01235-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-026-01235-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Climate change worsens global health, with Indigenous children among the most vulnerable. Despite increasing research on climate-related health impacts, Indigenous children's unique vulnerabilities remain underrepresented. This is the first review to synthesise systematically the global evidence on how climate change impacts the health of Indigenous children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We consolidated reported health outcomes directly caused by climate change in Indigenous children. We adhered to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and followed a reflexive framework that considered researcher positionality, Indigenous definitions of health, and ongoing Indigenous engagement. We did a systematic search of five databases on 2 March 2025 and collaboratively screened eligible studies on climate-related health outcomes in Indigenous children and pregnant women, assessing them using the mixed-methods appraisal tool. A convergent integrated synthesis approach mapped exposure-outcome patterns and guided a theme-based narrative analysis. Meta-analysis was not feasible due to study heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-three studies met inclusion criteria, comprising 16 qualitative, 23 quantitative non-randomised, 6 quantitative descriptive and 8 mixed-method designs. Five main health outcomes emerged: (i) psychosocial and cultural wellbeing, (ii) malnutrition, (iii) infectious diseases, (iv) perinatal health, and (v) morbidity and mortality. Reflecting the interconnected and relational nature of Indigenous health conceptualisations, most studies addressed multiple climate exposures and outcomes. Psychosocial and cultural wellbeing was the most cross-cutting theme, interconnected with all other health domains. Heat exposure and seasonal and hydroclimatic variability were the most frequently linked climate exposures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Indigenous children across diverse contexts are experiencing adverse climate-related health outcomes. Our review consolidates the evidence base to inform culturally grounded, strengths-based responses that engage Indigenous Knowledge systems and younger generations. Advancing this field requires more geographically diverse, disaggregated, and methodologically rigorous research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149192943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The securitization of global slow-onset risks/threats: long COVID, a case study.","authors":"Philip Finkelstein","doi":"10.1186/s12992-026-01241-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-026-01241-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper investigates why Long Covid, despite affecting millions globally and posing a serious threat to public health and economic stability, remains largely absent from contemporary security agendas. It argues that the condition's chronic, diffuse nature presents a temporal mismatch with existing security frameworks designed for acute, visible crises. Drawing on the Copenhagen School's securitization theory and Olaf Corry's concept of \"riskification,\" the paper shows how structural, normative, and political obstacles-namely the difficulty of constructing chronic disability as collective harm within dominant security imaginaries-prevent Long Covid from being framed as an existential threat. Comparing the response to Long Covid with that of climate change and acute Covid-19, it reveals how scientific uncertainty, fragmented governance, and limited public awareness undermine mobilization. U.S. reluctance to lead, domestic political fragmentation, and a cultural emphasis on individual responsibility further diminish the prospects for securitizing moves. Internationally, institutions like the UN and WHO exhibit similar inertia due to ambiguous mandates and competing priorities. The paper concludes that Long Covid exposes critical gaps in traditional security thinking, particularly in addressing slow-onset, mass-disabling threats. As similar slow-onset disabling conditions may emerge in future biological crises, prevailing security conceptions could leave societies insufficiently prepared. The paper therefore uses securitization theory diagnostically to argue that political conceptions of security should better account for chronic harm and disability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13621758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commercial interests in health policy dialogues: a qualitative content analysis of NEDLAC's engagement with South Africa's Health Promotion Levy.","authors":"Darshen Naidoo, Nosiphiwo Nzimande, Susan Goldstein, Sameera Mahomedy","doi":"10.1186/s12992-026-01234-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-026-01234-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising rapidly in South Africa, prompting the introduction of the Health Promotion Levy (HPL) in 2018 to reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. However, the levy remains below the rate recommended by the World Health Organization. One of the central institutions involved in the policy process leading up to and following the introduction of the HPL was the National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), a statutory body designed to promote dialogue between government, business, labour, and community constituencies. This study examined NEDLAC's mandate and its actual role in the HPL process, with particular attention to the inclusivity and transparency of its deliberations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using an exploratory case study design, the research drew on qualitative content analysis of documents obtained through an access to information request made under South Africa's Promotion of Access to Information Act 2 of 2000. The findings indicate that NEDLAC's engagement with the HPL process fell short of its mandate to advance social equity and inclusive participation in economic decision-making. Community representatives, one of NEDLAC's four official constituencies, were absent from all deliberations on the levy. In contrast, business representatives dominated the discussions, often advancing arguments aligned with the interests of the sugar industry and emphasising potential job losses despite limited supporting evidence. Moreover, the process lacked transparency, particularly regarding the authorship of NEDLAC's HPL Report and the presentation of evidence used to support its conclusions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NEDLAC's handling of the HPL illustrates how participatory governance structures may, in practice, enable industry influence and weaken public health objectives. To enhance the integrity and effectiveness of policy dialogue on health-related fiscal measures, NEDLAC should adopt clearer procedural guidelines to ensure inclusive representation, strengthen transparency through public access to documentation, and institutionalise the role of civil society in its processes. Such reforms are essential to align participatory mechanisms with public health goals and to safeguard them from corporate capture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13599147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence for climate-health early warning systems in the Horn of Africa: opportunities, challenges, and a roadmap for action.","authors":"Ahmed Abdiaziz Alasow, Yusuf Hared Abdi, Abdifatah Ahmed Hersi, Maxwell Boakye","doi":"10.1186/s12992-026-01233-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-026-01233-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate extremes, conflict, and population displacement converge in the Horn of Africa to accelerate outbreaks of climate-sensitive infectious diseases, whereas existing health surveillance systems remain fragmented and largely reactive. This Perspective examines the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to strengthen climate-health early warning by integrating satellite earth observations, routine disease surveillance, and mobility-based vulnerability indicators into anticipatory decision support systems. Drawing on global experience and region-specific constraints, we identified critical barriers to implementation, including data fragmentation, infrastructure gaps, workforce shortages, governance silos, and unresolved ethical risks. We propose a five-layer conceptual framework for an AI-enabled Climate-Health Early Warning System (CHEWS) tailored to fragile and conflict-affected settings, alongside a phased regional policy roadmap anchored within the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD). Emphasizing data sovereignty, participatory governance, and privacy-by-design, this study positions AI-CHEWS as a feasible pathway for shifting the region from reactive outbreak responses to anticipatory public health actions that enhance climate resilience and equity.Clinical Trial Number: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13452094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From rupture to recourse: building a new economic order for health.","authors":"Ronald Labonté","doi":"10.1186/s12992-026-01231-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-026-01231-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148535803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional quality and pandemic resilience: cross-country evidence on health and economic outcomes during COVID-19.","authors":"Diego A Diaz, Cristian Larroulet, Andres Marticorena","doi":"10.1186/s12992-026-01230-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-026-01230-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic exposed large cross-country differences in mortality, vaccination rollout, and economic recovery. We examine whether stronger pre-pandemic institutions were associated with better pandemic performance and whether vaccination rollout helps explain part of that relationship. We combine 2019 World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators with COVID-19 outcomes, policy measures, World Development Indicators, and V-Dem electoral democracy data, estimating cross-country regressions and a temporally ordered exploratory mediation model using vaccination by September 2021 and deaths accrued in the fourth quarter of 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In full multivariable specifications, a one-unit increase in the WGI composite is associated with 384 fewer reported COVID-19 deaths per million, 1,860 fewer excess deaths per million, and 15.5% points higher full vaccination coverage by end-2021. These associations remain in robustness checks using V-Dem electoral democracy controls, WGI principal-component measures, timing-specific outcomes, and influence diagnostics. Institutional quality is not robustly associated with GDP growth in 2020; its positive association with GDP growth in 2021 persists but is weaker after controlling for OxCGRT economic-support policies. The exploratory mediation decomposition is consistent with an indirect path through vaccination representing about 35% of the total association between institutional quality and late-2021 mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-pandemic institutional quality was consistently associated with pandemic health outcomes and vaccine deployment, while economic associations were more phase-specific. The findings are observational and should not be read as definitive causal estimates, but they underscore the relevance of governance capacity for future pandemic preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148470119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}