Globalization and Health最新文献

{"title":"Strengthening hospital infrastructure in a war context: the case of the Mopti regional hospital.","authors":"Fanny Chabrol, Pierre Coulibaly, Abdourahmane Coulibaly","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01149-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-025-01149-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In sub-Saharan Africa, public hospitals should play a key role in providing quality, affordable health care and contribute to robust health systems, particularly in war-torn contexts. In Mali, a multidimensional crisis has had a severe impact on the health of the people and on the overall health infrastructure and its capacity to respond to the crisis. Public hospitals suffer from multiple long-standing constraints that are rendered even more acute in the context of war. This paper presents governmental, development, and humanitarian efforts and interventions aimed at strengthening hospital infrastructure in Mopti, central Mali. Three key dimensions of hospital infrastructure are fundamental to ongoing operations: human resources, governance, and equipment/maintenance. The results revealed two approaches to strengthening hospital infrastructure: a developmental approach, aimed at constructing new buildings and implementing hospital autonomy-oriented reforms, and a pragmatic approach that focuses more on concrete solutions to the most urgent needs. The insights presented here argue for stronger linkages between these two approaches to reinforce the everyday functionality of health care infrastructures in destabilized contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From knowledge to action: the role of professional health associations on public health well-being in Ukraine.","authors":"Dmytro Stepanskyi, Kenneth G Castro","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01146-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01146-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Professional health associations increasingly serve as vital transnational actors in responding to global public health emergencies and shaping health system resilience. Their cross-border collaboration becomes especially critical in conflict-affected settings, where local infrastructure is overwhelmed, and international expertise, advocacy, and solidarity can bridge urgent gaps. In Ukraine, the intersection of war, health system disruption, and infectious disease threats has underscored the role of organizations such as the All-Ukrainian Association of Public Health Specialists (UPHA), the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), and the American Public Health Association (APHA). These associations contribute technical assistance, policy guidance, and emergency response and cultivate a shared professional culture and knowledge base that transcends national borders. While the role of professional health associations in routine healthcare delivery and advocacy has been previously explored in the literature, few publications have addressed their mobilization during acute crises-particularly in lower-resource or conflict settings. This comment responds to that gap by examining how professional associations act as platforms for coordinated response, capacity building, and health diplomacy during complex emergencies, with a specific focus on addressing infectious diseases in Ukraine. It draws on desk reviews, organizational reports, and authors' insights to inform how these associations support infection prevention, biosafety, antimicrobial resistance surveillance, and the development of a resilient public health workforce-issues of global relevance that demand collaborative solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of integration in WHO's tuberculosis, HIV, and antimicrobial resistance policies through the social-ecological lens.","authors":"Jian Yang, Jiabin Xu, Christoph Benn, Xiaoyi Yu, Ying Chen, Shuduo Zhou, Zhongfei Pei, Yunxuan Hu, Ming Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01150-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01150-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>TB, HIV, and AMR are closely related global health challenges. In the context of limited global health funds and insufficient resources, an integrated tuberculosis, HIV and antimicrobial resistance prevention and control method will play an important role in the optimization of resources and cost-effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to analyze the degree of policy integration for issues of tuberculosis, HIV and antimicrobial resistance in global health strategies and make recommendations for improving global health governance on related issues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a thorough analysis of global health policy documents from January 2015 to February 2024, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Our focus was on assessing the integration effectiveness of current global health governance mechanisms in addressing tuberculosis, HIV, and antimicrobial resistance from the global governance view based on the content analysis through word frequency analysis and thematic framework analysis. Besides, we conduct a thematic framework analysis of the action plans and policy recommendations outlined in the most recent reports from UNAIDS, Stop TB, and UNEP on HIV, TB and AMR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed that most documents address TB, HIV, and AMR in isolation, with limited integration and intersectionality. TB and HIV are more frequently linked, while AMR is less associated with the other two. The proposed action lacks specific provisions for joint implementation or monitoring of the evaluation. Additionally, no documented comprehensive overview includes the overall framework of three health priorities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found that the current global health governance mechanism is significantly inadequate in dealing with integration solutions among tuberculosis, HIV and antimicrobial resistance. So we propose establishing integrated governance and coordination mechanisms for the same population at both horizontal and vertical levels, including individual, interpersonal, community, institutional, and societal levels, and developing an integrated policy framework to facilitate better resolution to address the association between TB, HIV infection and antimicrobial resistance in a resource-limited context.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12482740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actor-network and stakeholder analysis in preventing health goods smuggling in Iran.","authors":"Farzaneh Mahmoudi Meymand, Amirhossein Takian, Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01147-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01147-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144951612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate political activity of the food industry in the development of food policies in Latin America and the Caribbean: a narrative review of the current literature.","authors":"Vania Lara-Mejía, Ariadna Villalobos-Pérez, Lizbeth Tolentino-Mayo, Florence L Théodore, Yatziri Ayvar-Gama, Simón Barquera","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01136-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-025-01136-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), the commercial interests of the food industry dominate the food environment, jeopardising current efforts to improve the health and nutrition of the population. This study aims to document action strategies, mechanisms and practices (ASMP) of corporate political activity (CPA) employed by the food industry to obstruct public health, food, and nutrition policies in LAC countries. A narrative review was conducted based on publicly available data sources from scientific and grey literature across the 33 countries in the LAC region. Data were collected on the food industry's CPA within the health, food and nutrition policy cycle. For the analysis, the framework developed by Ulucanlar et al. (2023) to categorise ASMP of CPA, together with the policy cycle model proposed by Knill and Tosun (2008), was applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Documents published from January 2018 to October 2024 were examined using search strategies across multiple databases and citation tracking. In total, 76 documents from 24 countries in LAC were included in the analysis. The majority of documents originated from Mexico (n = 22, 28.9%) and Brazil (n = 12, 15.8%), with a notable concentration published in 2022. Front-of-pack food labelling and taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages were the policies with the most documented CPA evidence. The most frequently identified action strategy was accessing and influencing policy making (n = 69, 90.8%), primarily in the policy cycle formulation, adoption and implementation phases. While the CPA mechanisms and practices varied by country, more than 900 examples of practices were documented throughout the review.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the limited availability of public information in LAC -particularly in Central America and the Caribbean- this review identified a broad range of ASMP used to influence health, food and nutrition policy processes. These findings highlight the need for a multifaceted response to counteract the harmful effects of the food industry's influence in the LAC region and underscore the urgency of safeguarding public health. Establishing robust legal frameworks to regulate conflicts of interest and to ensure greater transparency throughout the policy cycle are critical steps toward creating healthier food environments across the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12379346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144951634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards developing new private sector maternity care models in South Africa: results from a deliberative stakeholder dialogue.","authors":"Tanya Doherty, Sue Fawcus, Vishal Brijlal, Geetesh Solanki","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01145-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-025-01145-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144951627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In the aftermath of the adoption of the landmark Pandemic Accord: what are the strategic options for its effective implementation in Africa?","authors":"Olushayo Oluseun Olu, Henry Bosa Kyobe, Robert Lubajo, Amos Petu, Abdulmumini Usman, Sylvester Maleghemi, Francis Chisaka Kasolo","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01144-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01144-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following three years of complex negotiations, the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body announced consensus among Member States on 16 April 2025, leading to the adoption of the Pandemic Accord at the Seventy-Eighth World Health Assembly on 19 May 2025. The accord aims to address the systemic inequities and failures exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic by enhancing early detection and rapid response capacities, promoting equitable access to pandemic-related health products, and ensuring sustainable financing for pandemic activities. This commentary highlights why the accord is of critical importance to Africa and describes the strategic options for its effective implementation on the continent.</p><p><strong>Main text: </strong>Africa, with its unique pandemic vulnerabilities and weaknesses in global health security capacities, stands to gain the most from the Pandemic Accord. The continent faces challenges such as high-threat pathogens, weak health systems, political instability, and limited domestic financing. Additionally, Africa's low capacity to influence global negotiations and fragmented public health governance complicates the implementation of global health agreements. To overcome these challenges, eleven priority recommendations are proposed, including joint analysis and domestication of the accord's provisions, strong political commitment, better alignment of regional and global health security initiatives and public health organizations, leveraging digital technologies, prioritizing local manufacturing, and community engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We urge African stakeholders to collaborate in ensuring the transformation of the accord from a global commitment into meaningful pandemic prevention and control action for the continent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144951610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change policies fail to protect child health.","authors":"Jhermayne Ubalde, Corey J A Bradshaw, Peter N Le Souëf, Melinda A Judge","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01142-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01142-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal public health insurance for Afghan refugees in Iran: a contextual analysis.","authors":"Sahar Amuzadeh-Araei, Amirhossein Takian, Alireza Jabbari","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01143-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01143-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The right to health for all individuals, including refugees, is recognized as one of the most fundamental human rights. However, refugees continue to face numerous barriers in accessing healthcare services. Iran has not yet achieved full coverage despite implementing a health insurance scheme for refugees. Therefore, this study aims to identify the contextual factors influencing the basic universal health insurance program for Afghan refugees in Iran using the PESTEL framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study was conducted between October 2024 and March 2025. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 22 key individuals, including managers and experts from the Health Insurance Organization, the Bureau for Aliens and Foreign Immigrants Affairs (BAFIA), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), refugee researchers, educated Afghan refugees, and healthcare service providers. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using framework analysis based on the PESTEL framework. MAXQDA 20 software was used to assist with data management and analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The contextual determinants of the universal public health insurance policy for Afghan refugees in Iran were 61 factors that were categorized into six main themes and 17 sub-themes. The main themes identified in this study included political (four factors), economic (five factors), legal and regulatory (two factors), sociocultural (four factors), technological (one factor), and environmental factors (one factor).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings from this study, based on the PESTEL framework, revealed that the refugee health insurance policy in Iran is influenced by a range of political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. To improve insurance coverage among refugees, policymakers-particularly senior health system managers-can create an enabling environment for equitable and sustainable access to healthcare services by strengthening information infrastructures, reforming financial and legal mechanisms, and enhancing intersectoral and international collaboration.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial number: </strong>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12345101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accountability in global health systems: insights from a network analysis of Purdue Pharmaceuticals.","authors":"Andrea Bowra, Amaya Perez-Brumer, Lisa Forman, Jillian Clare Kohler","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01140-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01140-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beginning in 1996, Purdue Pharmaceuticals (Purdue) knowingly mislabeled and mass marketed OxyContin (oxycodone), an opioid painkiller, catalyzing the opioid crisis which has been responsible for more than 600 000 deaths in and beyond North America. This case is an extreme example of how transnational pharmaceutical companies prioritize shareholder profits over public wellbeing. As such, the field of global health faces the critical challenge of better understanding how transnational pharmaceutical companies, like Purdue, can be held to account for the harms they cause. Within the framework of Actor-Network Theory, a sociomaterial approach to analyzing complex networks, this case study uses key informant interviews (n = 18) to examine how accountability is taken up in and by global health systems in response to the harms caused by Purdue. Findings highlight the multiple co-existing versions of accountability enacted within global health systems organized as three separate but interrelated networks: social accountability, political accountability, and legal accountability. Though often interconnected, these diverse networks mobilized distinct tools, resources, and strategies, such as news articles, scholarly literature, and policy guidelines, to construct and stabilize enactments of accountability. Through this in-depth examination of the complex interactions involved in global health and pharmaceutical systems, this study offers a nuanced understanding of the diverse actors mobilized and the unique strengths leveraged within and by accountability networks. Further, in examining these networks' differences, interconnectedness, and peculiarities, we broaden the scope of how accountability is defined, conceptualized, and operationalized in global health systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}