Globalization and Health最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the political economy of reforming global health initiatives - insights from global and country levels.","authors":"Sophie Witter, Natasha Palmer, Rosemary Jouhaud, Shehla Zaidi, Severine Carillon, Rene English, Giulia Loffreda, Emilie Venables, Shifa Salman Habib, Jeff Tan, Fatouma Hane, Maria Paola Bertone, Seyed-Moeen Hosseinalipour, Valery Ridde, Asad Shoaib, Adama Faye, Lilian Dudley, Karen Daniels, Karl Blanchet","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01129-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01129-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Since 2000, the number and role of global health initiatives (GHIs) has been growing, with these platforms playing an increasingly important role in pooling and disbursing funds dedicated to specific global health priorities. While recognising their important contribution, there has also been a growth in concerns about distortions and inefficiencies linked to the GHIs and attempts to improve their alignment with country health systems. There is a growing momentum to adjust GHIs to the current broader range of global health threats, such as non-communicable diseases, humanitarian crises and climate change, and against the backdrop of the recent aid cuts. However, reform attempts are challenged by the political economy of the current structures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this article, we draw on research conducted as part of the Future of Global Health Initiatives process. The study adopted a cross-sectional, mixed-methods approach, drawing from a range of data sources and data collection methods, including a global and regional level analysis as well as three embedded country case studies in Pakistan, South Africa and Senegal. All data was collected from February to July 2023. 271 documents were analysed in the course of the study, along with data from 335 key informants and meeting participants in 66 countries and across a range of constituencies. For this paper, data were analysed using a political economy framework which focused on actors, context (especially governance and financing) and framing.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>In relation to actors, the GHIs themselves have become increasingly complex (both internally and in their interrelations with other global health actors and one another). They have a large range of clients (including at national level and amongst multilateral agencies) which function as collaborators as well as competitors. Historically there have been few incentives for any of the actors to maximise collaboration given the competitive funding landscape. Power to exert pressure for reforms sits ultimately with bilateral and private funders, though single-issue northern non-governmental organisations (NGOs) are also cited as important influencers. Funders have not collaborated to enable reforms, despite concerns amongst a number of them, because of the helpful functional role of GHIs, which serves funder interests. Some key global boards are reported to be engineered for stasis, and there are widespread concerns about lack of transparency and over-claiming (by some GHIs) of their results. Framing of narratives about achievements and challenges is important to enable or block reforms and are vigorously contested, with stakeholders often selecting different outcomes to emphasise in justifying positions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GHIs have played an important role in the global health ecosystem but despite formal accountability structures to include recipient governments,","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12243378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding international travelers' intentions to adopt protective behaviors against malaria during staying abroad: insights from a study of Chinese international travelers.","authors":"Yi Wang, Fang Fang, Chengyuan Li, Junjun Wang, Guangyu Lu, Yuzheng Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01132-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01132-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Imported malaria cases from endemic regions pose significant challenges for malaria-free countries, leading to diagnostic delays, high treatment costs, and the potential for secondary local transmissions. There is a lack of understanding regarding the cognitive decision-making processes that influence travelers' intentions to engage in protective behaviors against malaria. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the factors that impact the willingness of travelers from China to adopt protective measures against malaria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study conducted between March and October 2023, we utilized an online survey based on the malaria knowledge and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) scales in Nanjing and Suzhou of Jiangsu Province, China. The survey was distributed by staff from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to Chinese international travelers after their returning from abroad. We analyzed the intentions to engage in malaria protective behaviors by multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 252 international travelers from Jiangsu Province provided valid responses. Approximately 127 (50.4%) reported that their destination was a malaria-endemic area when they had traveled abroad. All seven PMT subconstructs were significantly affected by the malaria knowledge (all P < 0.05). Of all seven PMT subconstructs, two (severity and vulnerability) were strongly associated with intentions to engage in protective behavior. Notably, the level of malaria knowledge was insufficient for motivating protective behavior intention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The intention to engage in antimalarial behaviors is closely linked to travelers' evaluation of malaria-related risks and their perceived ability to manage these threats. It is essential to enhance general knowledge on the risk of malaria and to provide robust pre- and post-travel healthcare for international travelers heading to malaria-endemic regions. This approach will empower travelers to adopt protective measures and reduce the incidence of imported malaria cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144564657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lived experiences of migrant men witnessing and surviving sexual violence in European transit spaces.","authors":"Leni Linthout, Ilse Derluyn, Caroline Desombre, Massil Benbouriche, Ines Keygnaert","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01131-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01131-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite increased scholarly attention to sexual violence, victimization among migrant men and boys remains under researched. This study aims to explore 1) migrant men's views on and understandings of sexual victimization, 2) their own experiences with surviving and witnessing sexual violence during their past and ongoing migration journeys and 3) the consequences of such victimization and their coping behaviors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participant observation in Brussels (Belgium) and Calais (France) preceded in-depth interviews with 39 migrant men between 16 and 47. Participants varied in age, nationality, educational level and aspired migration projects yet all of them were undocumented. They held varying, yet consistently gendered understandings of sexual violence, depicting women as victims and men as perpetrators. Although they did not explicitly label their own experiences as sexual violence, both direct and indirect forms of it were part of their past and ongoing migration trajectories. Sexual violence had a profound impact on men, inducing shame and challenging their masculine identity. Coping and prevention strategies ranged from normalizing or minimizing the violence and avoidantly forgetting, to protecting one another against future threats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results advocate for safe legal migration routes, increased awareness of migrant men's vulnerabilities to sexual violence, and enhanced training and screening of professionals and volunteers working in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12219245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internationalisation and moral economies in healthcare: NHS exporting and the English patient.","authors":"Benjamin M Hunter","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01122-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01122-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Contemporary conditions require detailed study of internationalisation. This article offers a novel perspective on processes of internationalisation in healthcare, adapting an approach from higher education studies and enhancing it with insights from sociological scholarship on moral economies. The article asks how institutions and individuals respond to the globalising healthcare environment, and what this reveals about normative questions that govern healthcare provisioning in national contexts. This is pursued using qualitative data from a study on international commercial services in the English National Health Service (NHS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of the research demonstrate how the UK government has sought to build political consensus around specific (commodified) forms of internationalisation in a context of fiscal austerity and xenophobia surrounding the provision of public services. The English NHS has been politically re-imagined as world-leading and of interest as an export industry. Study findings show this stance is premised normatively on processes of subsidy between two apparently distinct spheres - from international (private) to national (public) - but that in practice the distinction is hazy and subsidy at times indirect, routed to individual staff members or to commercial teams. The ascendancy of this as a prevailing, politically legitimate form of internationalisation for the English NHS contrasts sharply with non-commodified alternatives decried as 'health tourism'.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The internationalisation framework presented in this article offers a platform for future research that can shed light on the contexts, visions, policies and contestations the emerge as healthcare institutions respond to processes of globalisation. It will be important to avoid uncritical approaches to research and policy by examining not just what forms of internationalisation find favour, and their basis in geographical and racialised hierarchies, but also how approaches to healthcare internationalisation impact inequalities within and between nations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12166583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on artificial intelligence, machine and deep learning in medicine: global characteristics, readiness, and equity.","authors":"Doris Klingelhöfer, Markus Braun, Janis Dröge, David A Groneberg, Dörthe Brüggmann","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01128-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01128-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) will have a lasting and drastic impact on medical research and healthcare. In addition to the benefits, the associated risks are also the subject of controversial debate and there are fears of serious consequences. There is an urgent need for action, which must be underpinned by scientific information.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>By analyzing temporal and geographic patterns, including national readiness for access to AI, we therefore identified incentives and barriers to global research under socioeconomic conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The explosive increase in annual publications started in 2017. The main players in AI_med research were the USA, China, the UK, Germany, and South Korea. There was a significant correlation between the publication output on AI in medicine (AI_med) and the metrics for economy and innovation. Additionally, citation patterns show the disadvantage of the Global South compared to the North American and European countries. In several weaker economies: Jordan, Pakistan, Egypt, Bangladesh, and Ethiopia, a more positive position was found in relation to the number of articles suggesting a better ranking in AI_med research in the future.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results show the need for advanced global networking to ensure all relevant aspects for equitable development and the beneficial use of AI_med without promoting racial or regional inequities and to enforce this not only in the AI systems of economically strong countries but also for the participation of economically weaker countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12147299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involuntary immobility and well-being: a scoping review of existing literature and future research directions.","authors":"Lise Vanden Hautte, Charlotte Scheerens, Ilse Ruyssen, Sorana Toma","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01116-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01116-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144233829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labelling the debate: a thematic analysis of alcohol industry submissions to the EU consultation on alcohol health warnings in Ireland.","authors":"Éadaoin Cott, Jelena Dunaiceva, Philippa White, Runa Annasdotter Neely, Matthew Lesch","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01126-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01126-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Building on the success of tobacco health warning labels, EU Member States and institutions are increasingly considering similar requirements for alcohol products. While industry responses to pricing and availability policies have been widely studied, their framing of Alcohol Health Warning Labels (AHWLs) as a policy solution remains comparatively underexplored. This paper examines how alcohol industry stakeholders responded to the EU notification process for Ireland's proposed alcohol labelling regulations, introduced under Ireland's Public Health (Alcohol) Act 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper analyses 16 submissions from alcohol industry actors to the European Commission regarding Ireland's proposed alcohol warning label regulations. Qualitative methods, specifically thematic analysis, were used to examine industry arguments. The research team first reviewed five submissions to inductively develop a codebook, which was then applied to the remaining submissions, with new codes added as necessary. Two team members independently coded each submission, and thematic content was refined through team discussion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alcohol industry arguments against AHWLs fall into four main themes: lack of evidence supporting the content of health warning labels and their broader use, negative trade and economic impacts of AHWLs, potential risks to EU governance posed by Ireland's labels, and the industry's self-positioning as responsible actors committed to public health. In addition, we identify novel industry strategies related to the intricacies of AHWLs, including a heightened focus on wording and language, coordination of activities across multiple governance levels, and tailored framing to suit the institutional context.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alcohol industry actors employ arguments similar to those seen in other policy debates, which continue to pose a significant barrier to evidence-based alcohol policymaking. The analysis suggests that industry actors can strategically adapt their arguments to varying institutional settings and policy instruments, demonstrating their political dexterity and reinforcing the barriers to policy progress. These findings highlight the need for further research into the alcohol industry's influence and provide insights for jurisdictions considering labelling legislation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"34"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital activism in Kenya: moving from the digital center to the digital periphery of Long Covid experience.","authors":"Emily Mendenhall, Lucy W Kamau, Nora Kenworthy, Edna N Bosire","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01120-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01120-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital activism around Long Covid has reverberated around the globe, as patients, researchers, and clinicians worked together to understand the chronic condition. However, Long Covid networks, much like other social networks, have hierarchies and barriers that can impede equitable access. In this article, we examine how the global digital center and periphery shape how people with Long Covid connect to networks to learn about their illness symptoms, diagnoses, treatments, and experiences. We introduce case narratives of two Kenyan women-one elite Nairobian who was connected to the digital center and another middle class woman who connected with her through a peripheral digital community-to describe how elite patients were engaged at the digital center, and non-elite patients were engaged in the periphery with digital and non-digital connections through which they cultivated other social networks to communicate, share, and experience their illness experiences. The Kenyan case study introduces a context where people have sophisticated digital lives and are engaged in global information networks. Yet, we argue that some Long Covid patients' experiences are impossible to divorce from the digital activism that has drawn together a remarkable global patient community, causing a ripple effect on how people define and experience the self and illness throughout the world. We conclude that many Kenyans may be engaging with digital networks differently and from different places of geographic, cultural, linguistic, and technological power, possibly cultivating divergent idioms, interpretations, and experiences of the post-viral condition. This demonstrates not only how social networks function at the digital periphery but also the complexities situated within the periphery itself, which is at important social nodes, connected to the digital center.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generating political priority for breastfeeding and the adoption of Kenya's 2012 BMS act: the importance of women's leadership.","authors":"Maryanne Wamahiu, Phillip Baker, Tim Dorlach","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01127-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01127-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization recommends initiating breastfeeding in the first hour of life, exclusive breastfeeding for six months, and continued breastfeeding for at least two years. Aggressive marketing of breast milk substitutes (BMS) undermines breastfeeding and is linked to adverse child and maternal health outcomes. This is particularly problematic in the Global South, where socioeconomic conditions often amplify the risks associated with BMS. The adoption of national BMS legislation in line with the 1981 International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes is therefore crucial but difficult due to strong opposition from the transnational formula milk industry. Breastfeeding advocates in Kenya were able to overcome this powerful opposition when the country adopted a strict BMS Act in 2012, which has since facilitated and protected remarkable improvements in breastfeeding rates. We conduct a qualitative case study to identify the political enablers of the successful adoption of this important law.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BMS legislation was first politically debated in Kenya in the 1980s following mobilization of women-led civil society organizations, namely the Breastfeeding Information Group and the Maendeleo ya Wanawake Organization. The issue re-emerged on the political agenda in the 2000s but faced opposition from the transnational formula milk industry. Kenya's BMS Act was ultimately adopted during a policy window opened by a constitutional reform. Support for the adoption of this landmark law was led by effective female political leaders, including public health minister Beth Mugo, the ministry's nutrition division head Terrie Wefwafwa, and members of the Kenya Women's Parliamentary Association. In the formulation and adoption of the law, these female leaders received important support from international organizations, such as the United Nations Children's Fund, as well as from powerful male allies, including president Mwai Kibaki.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Kenyan case illustrates how women's political leadership can counteract the power of the transnational formula milk industry and help achieve strict BMS legislation. Effective female leadership for BMS legislation can occur in various political offices and positions, including those of ministers, legislators and bureaucrats. Female leaders can leverage their own influence by strategically exploiting policy windows and recruiting male allies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"32"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into telemedicine utilization for refugee mental health: a systematic review.","authors":"Arezoo Abasi, Seyed Ali Fatemi Aghda, Mehdi Zahedian, Zahra Jamshiddoust Miyanroudi, Sajjad Bahariniya, Benyamin Yazdani, Saeed Fallah-Aliabadi, Shadi Hazhir","doi":"10.1186/s12992-025-01119-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12992-025-01119-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Telemedicine is mentioned as a technological solution in various fields of medicine and nowadays using telemedicine in the field of mental health in the refugee population, has attracted special attention in the world. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the usage of telemedicine in the refugee populations mental health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study, conducted in 2024, involved a comprehensive search of databases including Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest, Ovid, EBSCO, PubMed, and Scopus, up until April 2023. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 relevant articles were identified. The quality and methodology of the selected articles were evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12 articles were included in the review. Feasibility and investigation of telemedicine challenges (5 articles) and its evaluation and effectiveness investigation (7 articles) were used. Most of the studies were quantitative (8 cases) and mostly dealt with socio-economic-cultural application issues (5 cases) and screening (2 cases). Most of the studies were purely focused on refugees (5 cases).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results have shown that paying attention to the challenges, disadvantages, and telemedicine required Infrastructure in the field of mental health, will lead to effectiveness, screening, and treatment. This causes positive social, economic, and cultural effects on refugees. However, the need for future studies with more attention to technical and governmental challenges and their issues (security and reimbursement), the refugee population with various ethnicities, and different health fields (prevention, treatment, follow-up, rehabilitation, etc.) seems to be necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":12747,"journal":{"name":"Globalization and Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}