Geology, Geophysics and Environment最新文献

{"title":"The impact of the geographical environment on the hydromorphological conditions of watercourses in southern Poland","authors":"Lukasz Borek","doi":"10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.93","url":null,"abstract":"Hydromorphological assessment of watercourses provides much valuable information about the riverbed and its immediate surroundings, including the influence of geographical environmental factors along with anthropogenic pressures in the catchment area. This paper presents diversity of hydromorphological conditions of 77 sections located on 39 watercourses in southern Poland in three European ecoregions: Eastern Plains, Central Plains and the Carpathians. The study was based on the Hydromorphological Index for Rivers (HIR) method and two sub-indices: Hydromorphological Diversity Score (HDS) and Hydromorphological Modification Score (HMS). Basic and multi-dimensional statistical analyses were performed to identify the main gradients of the geographical environment and the variables that contribute most to the total variability of HIR. The highest mean HIR values were recorded in the Carpathians ecoregion, then in the Central Plains and the lowest in the Eastern Plains, 0.70, 0.67 and 0.58, respectively. Significant differences were found between the Carpathians and Eastern Plains ecoregions in HIR values obtained. Hydromorphological differentiation is most influenced by altitude and geological type. The cluster analysis enabled two main groups of watercourses to be distinguished – the first one was dominated by variables showing HMS > HDS relationship, while the second one was dominated by HDS > HMS relationship. Multi-dimensional analysis provided additional information on the relationships between the variables and the sections studied. The greatest positive impact on the formation of the final HIR value had the variation of the riverbed slope and natural morphological elements of the bed bottom, while the greatest negative impact on HIR had the transformations observed in spot-check.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-stage fault formation and REE distribution in the surrounding Devonian dolomites in the south-eastern part of the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)","authors":"M. Nieć, Maciej Pawlikowski, E. Sermet","doi":"10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.77","url":null,"abstract":"Metallogenic studies carried out in the Holy Cross Mountains indicate a relationship between mineralization and fault tectonics in Devonian formations. The impact of fault formation on the geochemistry of host rocks has not yet been studied. Mineralogical and geochemical studies of fault core gouges and damage zones in the fault walls of Devonian dolomites in the Budy and Jurkowice quarries were carried out. In the clay-carbonate filling of the fault fissure, the presence of two generations of Fe sulfides, the increased content of Zr, Nb, U and Th in relation to the surrounding rocks was noted. In the fault walls of the dolomites, iron sulfide and hematite mineralization were found. Research on the REE content indicates that it is lower in the fault walls than in those located far from it, while it is clearly higher in the fault gouge, especially in terms of the content of “heavy” elements (HREE). This indicates both the supply of some components to the fault zone from external sources and their displacement from the surrounding rocks. It was also found that the fault was renewed before and after the Neogene at least twice (Badenian)","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140454688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical forecast of groundwater inflow to the mines of the Legnica-Głogów Copper District with a particular emphasis on the “Polkowice-Sieroszowice” mine","authors":"J. Gurwin, M. Wcisło","doi":"10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of work on the numerical hydrogeological model of the mines of theLegnica-Głogów Copper District (LGCD) in  Poland. Due to the extensive impact on the rock mass and the multi-layer depression cone caused by drainage, the model covers an area of 3,049 km2 . The complicated, mutual hydraulic connections of the multi-aquifer hydrogeological system required the model to cover the area beyond the range of mining areas, and to separate 17 numerical layers. The research was carried out in the GMS software environment using Modflow computing modules. The model was updated successively, since its structure, parameters, and boundary conditions are subject to change. It was also additionally calibrated based on new data from measurements in piezometers and changes recorded in inflows to the excavations. The simulations made it possible to determine the exact water balance, with a particular emphasis on the Sieroszowice mining area, where sudden unexpected inflows were noted. Subsequently, two prognostic simulations were performed to estimate dynamic water inflows to mine workings in the years 2020 and 2025.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk-indicative or sustainable consumption? Consumers’ risk perception on conventional and organic food products in Poland","authors":"Katarzyna Mazur-Włodarczyk, A. Wódkowska, Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska","doi":"10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.39","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of organic food is becoming increasingly popular and, to avoid numerous threats to human health and the natural environment, the issues devoted to it require greater attention from decision-makers, producers, and consumers. Consumer decisions have an impact on shaping food consumption patterns and recently the trend of the consumption of conventional versus organic food products has been widely discussed. This is especially true given the fact that the area of human health is strongly related to the consumption of food products produced under the challenges of environmental protection and sustainability. The study aimed to investigate if the perception of consumption among Polish respondents was risk-indicative or sustainable based on the animal, fruit, and vegetable products purchased from conventional or organic production. The results revealed that fruit and vegetable consumption was not identically related with socio-demographic features, but the income level equally affected consumer choices regarding the purchase of organic food products. Gender and marital status only influenced decisions regarding the purchase of organic fruit. The consumption of animal products regarding the frequency of their consumption did not reveal the features of sustainability. The metal accumulation index (MAI) for conventionally cultivated vegetables was not higher for all of the investigated vegetables, namely pumpkin, spring onion, cabbage, lettuce, spinach, and garlic. Our study contributes to addressing the knowledge gap on consumer choices about organic food products in Poland.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140494631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triggers of present-day rockfalls in the zone of sporadic permafrost in non-glaciated mountain region: the case study of Turnia Kurczaba (the Tatra Mts., Poland)","authors":"Joanna Kajdas, B. Gądek, Z. Rączkowska, Jarosław Cebulski","doi":"10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades there has been growing evidence of the impact of ongoing climate warming on the frequency of rockfalls. However, these are not adequately documented, especially in non-glaciated, high mountain regions of middle latitude. This study comprehensively documents the Turnia Kurczaba rockfall, one of the most significant rockfalls recorded in recent decades in the Tatra Mountains. The precise projections of the volumes and distribution of rock losses and deposits, the determination of the trajectories, modes and speeds of movement of rock material, as well as information on the geological, morphological, and meteorological conditions behind the Turnia Kurczaba rockfall form a unique dataset. The data documents a spectacular episode in the contemporary development of a complex slope system in the Tatras in an all-encompassing way and can be used to validate and calibrate existing models and improve numerical simulations of other rockfalls, both for hazard and risk assessment and slope evolution studies. Moreover, in the context of archival data, they demonstrate that in the Tatra sporadic permafrost zone, only relatively small rockfalls have been recorded in recent decades. Their cause was not the degradation of permafrost but freeze-thaw processes with the co-participation of rainwater and meltwater. The largest of these occur within densely fractured cataclysites, mylonites, and fault breccias. The impact of rockfalls on the morphodynamics of talus slopes is uneven in the storied arranged rock-talus slope systems. Even colluviums belonging to the same slope system can differ in their development rate and regime, and different thermal and wetness drivers can control their evolution.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140499095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the seismic structure of the Earth based on joint analysis of gravimetric and seismometric data – a case study","authors":"Kamila Karkowska, M. Wilde-Piórko, P. Dykowski, Marcin Sękowski, Marcin Polkowski","doi":"10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2024.50.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of the Earth’s surface is driven by external and internal forces, the latter of which can only be studied indirectly. Knowledge about the structure of the Earth’s interior is very important for modeling and predicting the processes occurring at the surface. This study presents a new concept of joint analysis of the gravimetric and seismometric recordings of earthquakes for determining the seismic structure of the Earth down to the depth of 1250 km. The proposed method allows the use of gravimetric data without the known full transfer function of the instrument. Group velocity dispersion curves of the fundamental mode of Rayleigh waves up to the period of 550 s are measured based on the joint analysis of the recordings of superconducting gravimeter and broadband seismometers operating at the same location in five testing sites in Europe, allowing for the exploration of a broader response for incoming seismic waves. Averaged dispersion curves for earthquakes around the world for each site are inverted by the weighted linear inversion and Monte Carlo methods to estimate the distribution of shear-wave seismic velocity in the Earth’s mantle. A comparison of the deterministic and probabilistic inversion methods can excellently demonstrate surface waves’ ability to determine the Earth’s mantle structure. The inversion results are compared with the global ak135 seismic model (Kennett et al. 1995) to verify the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140509993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of suspended solids emissions from a combined sewage system using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)","authors":"G. Sakson","doi":"10.7494/geol.2023.49.4.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2023.49.4.389","url":null,"abstract":"The protection of water bodies requires the reduction of pollutant emissions from all major sources. In urbanized areas, these include: wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and (depending on the type of sewage system) combined sewer overflows (CSOs) and stormwater drainage outlets. WWTPs are usually monitored and emitted pollutant loads are known, but it is more difficult to assess the pollutant load discharged by CSOs and stormwater drainage systems. The article attempts to use the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) to assess emissions of suspended solids from a large urban combined catchment. Suspended solids are the main pollutant of stormwater runoff in urban areas, and the dynamics of their emission from catchments is very diverse. The amount of suspended solids discharged by CSOs functioning in the given city was assessed in comparison with emissions from a wastewater treatment plant. The results show that CSOs discharge a pollutant load to the receiver which is comparable to WWTPs, but in a much shorter time and in a violent manner which can lead to the severe deterioration of receiving water quality. The modelling took into account the quality of dry weather sewage, the build-up of suspended solids, wash-off processes in the catchment area, and local precipitation characteristics. Factors affecting the quality of the obtained model and the accuracy of the emission level assessment were analysed.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139169216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollution load assessment in the form of TSS and COD emitted from an urbanized catchment in the aspect of administrative pollutant discharge fees on the example of the activity of the J1 CSO in Lodz (Poland)","authors":"A. Brzezińska, Lukasz Wiankowski","doi":"10.7494/geol.2023.49.4.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2023.49.4.375","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the possibility of reducing fees for wastewater discharge from combined sewer overflows (CSOs) into the aquatic environment by minimizing the load emission of total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The analysis was conducted based on limiting the wastewater volume discharged to the receiving water by one of the viable options, i.e., raising the overflow crest. The assessment was made on the example of the functioning J1 CSO in Lodz (in Polish: Łódź) in the years 2013–2015. An analysis of rainfall recorded in the J1 catchment area was also performed for this period. For the determination of the TSS and COD load emitted to the receiver, a predictive model based on rainfall parameters and the volume of discharged wastewater was used. To determine the wastewater volume emitted during individual activations of the J1 overflow, the model of the sewer network serving this catchment was calibrated in the EPA SWMM software. Simulations were conducted, considering different heights of the weir crest (static change). The results of the analyzes showed that raising the crest by 5 cm reduced the total fee for the J1 activity by 35% compared to its existing height in 2013 and about 40% for 2015. Raising the crest by 10 cm in 2015 enabled, for example, the J1 overflow activity to be in accordance with the applicable law. Reducing the amount of wastewater discharged to the receiver by using the overflow crest height adjustment method presented in the article may bring measurable financial and ecological benefits.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the content of microplastics and other extraneous particles in Polish bottled water","authors":"U. Aleksander-Kwaterczak, Dominika Gaj, Alex Stelmach, Tomasz P. Wróbel","doi":"10.7494/geol.2023.49.4.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2023.49.4.335","url":null,"abstract":"Bottled water has enjoyed a global increase in popularity since it is generally perceived to be superior in quality to tap water and necessary when tap water is non-potable. As a result, ensuring that it meets the requisite quality standards is of vital importance. This work aims to examine the content of solid particles, including microplastics, in bottled water available in Polish stores. The second aspect is the preliminary determination of the influence of the water gassing process, together with thermal and light factors, on the content of particles in the water. The number of particles was counted by colour and shape, with the number ranging from 87 to 188 per litre of water; on average, there were 136 ±32 particles per litre of water, demonstrating that water from disposable plastic bottles is contaminated with various substances. The difference in the number of particles may be due to the origin of the waters, the processes they were subjected to prior to bottling, the properties of the bottles as packaging, and the conditions and length of storage and transport. Additional Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis confirmed that about 75% of the particles were polymers, and 50% of them were plastics. Particularly alarming is the fact that the bottled waters mostly contained microplastic particles (MP) of smaller sizes, the kind which is recognized as being the most dangerous to human health. In the study, most particles were in the form of irregular shapes, which may indicate that they come from the destruction of waste or plastic products. This is also indicated by the domination of colourless particles. More particles were found in waters exposed to high and low temperatures than in waters stored at room temperature, potentially indicating that storage conditions for drinking water are important. Taking into account the results obtained, increasing attention should be paid to the health risks posed by such microplastics and there is a clear need to introduce legal regulations on the matter. The lack of any legal guidelines or unified standards in the field of MP research means that the results are not always representative, and it also makes it difficult to compare the results from different studies.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139264860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater vulnerability to pollution in degraded coal mining areas: modifying the DRASTIC method using the factor of exploitation impact on land surface","authors":"E. Krogulec, Przemysław Bukowski, K. Niedbalska, Joanna Trzeciak, S. Zabłocki","doi":"10.7494/geol.2023.49.4.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7494/geol.2023.49.4.313","url":null,"abstract":"Mining activities such as underground exploitation of hard coal deposits and open cast mining are strong factors on groundwater depending on mine life cycle phases. The impact of coal mining activities on groundwater have been reported from many countries. In this case, a vulnerability assessment was conducted base on standard DRASTIC method and its modification DRASTIC MINE (DRASTICM) method. In order to take into account, the impact of mining activities, a new parameter was added which defined the impact of coal seams on the rock mass above, including the degree of its drainage and the range of its impact. In  the standard DRASTIC method, the results indicate that groundwater vulnerability with high (38.6%) and very high occurrence classes (16.9% of the area), mostly covers the central part of the cast mine. In contrast, the reclaimed area of the excavation is a low-class area. The DRASTICM method increased the vulnerability index from 3 to 24 on 95% of the area, so a new vulnerability class of extremely high was delineated, which occurred in 1.6% of the area. This indicates areas that should be treated as a priority in order to avoid pollution, and in the final stage to plan activities in the field of the reclamation of mining areas. The results showed that groundwater vulnerability assessment in coal mining areas can be significantly improved.","PeriodicalId":12724,"journal":{"name":"Geology, Geophysics and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139287299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}