Namita Panda, Ana Belen Cueva-Sola, Arsyad Maulana Dzulqornain, Thriveni Thenepalli, Jin-Young Lee, Ho-Sung Yoon, R. Jyothi
{"title":"Review on lithium ion battery recycling: challenges and possibilities","authors":"Namita Panda, Ana Belen Cueva-Sola, Arsyad Maulana Dzulqornain, Thriveni Thenepalli, Jin-Young Lee, Ho-Sung Yoon, R. Jyothi","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2228799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2228799","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As technology keeps developing, India has become an emerging market in the world in consuming lithium-ion battery (LIB) in numerous applications such as portable electronics, energy storage system (ESS) and the latest into electric vehicles. The high-end consumption of such batteries would generate a significant quantity of end-of-life batteries in coming seven to eight years. Currently, there is no dedicated legislation or infrastructure to handle such waste stream, which could be beneficial economically, environmentally and socially. The present review explains the current situation of LIB recycling in India, the challenges and possibilities to adopt a recycling business in India. In addition, information about the importance of waste as a resource and the current government legislation about battery disposal and various process methodologies to recover the economically valuable metals in the discarded batteries are presented. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"101 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59669734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the Lithium Potential of the Paleoproterozoic Rocks of the West African Craton; the Case so Far","authors":"R. Kazapoe","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2229351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2229351","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This review presents a preliminary account of the Lithium exploration sector in the Paleoproterozoic rocks of West Africa, a relatively new field of research, and assesses its future prospects in light of the green transition-driven demand for the metal. The deposits in Ghana, Mali, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, and Niger form the basis of this study. The WAC predominantly possesses LCT pegmatites while a few with hybrid LCT + NYF characteristics have been reported, such as the Mangodara pegmatite district in southeastern Burkina Faso. The terrane’sanalysed pegmatite deposits contain 1.11–2.0% Li2O. The pegmatites may form as a swarm of dykes in peraluminous granites of varied composition formed from Eburnean continent – continent collision. They typically contain spodumene, quartz, feldspar, muscovite, lepidolite, beryl, tourmaline, and fluorite. Spodumene is the most prevalent lithium-bearing mineral in the deposits, with the occurence of rare secondary lepidolite and zinnwaldite. Dyke thickness, ranging from 10 to 80 metres, may affect the pegmatites’ lithium-bearing potential. Hydrothermal alteration albitizes and greisenizes pegmatitic structures. Despite the pegmatites’ varied genetic features, the Goulamina and Issia deposits in La Cote d’Ivoire have an inferred genetic link with their host granites. The WAC’s Paleoproterozoic lithium-bearing pegmatites share certain traits that make them easier to extract. Lithium exploration in West Africa depends on geological investigations, technological improvements, investor funding, and environmental concerns.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47179039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental analysis of the impact of ionic concentration and type on shale’s stability: dilute vs. concentrated salt solutions","authors":"M. Alkhaldi, T. Al-Bazali","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2227181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2227181","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Wellbore instability in shale formations is one of the most bothersome problems leading to significant changes in shale’s petrophysical, mechanical, and chemical properties, and could cost billions of dollars annually. Drilling fluid’s ionic composition is one of the factors affecting wellbore stability. This paper investigates the impact of chemical osmosis, ionic diffusion, and diffusion osmosis on the stability of shale, identify the critical salt concentration, and examine the impact of ionic type and concentration on shale’s stability. Experimental methods include utilisation of two different shale cores (I and II), in which each core is cut into several samples, to conduct linear expansion and gravimetric measurement tests using different salt solutions (KCl, NaCl, and CaCl2) of various salt concentrations. Results show that the critical salt concentrations of shale I and II is 8 w/w%. Chemical osmosis is found to be a reliable method for water extraction out of shale if the critical salt concentration value is not surpassed. Beyond this value, ionic diffusion and diffusion osmosis in shale I and II were adversely affecting shale’s stability through swelling. The swelling and gravimetric ions and water uptake tests showed that shale is a leaky semi-permeable membrane, and that chemical osmosis could be jeopardised by ionic transport into shale. In this study, the cation type (Na+, K+, Ca+2) that makes up the salt was varied. The impact of cation type on the stability of shale was clear as the anion type was fixed. Since both cations and anions tend to diffuse into shale in the presence of a concentration gradient, it is proposed for future work to study the combined impact of cation and anion types on shale’s stability by varying the anion and cation types.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"129 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46626465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulette Cathy Mengue, M. Mbessa, Ö. Cengiz, Rodrigue Cyriaque Kaze, Thamer Salman Alomayri, C. Pettang
{"title":"Influence of firing temperature on selected mechanical properties of alluvial clay blended with a limestone and kaolin mixture","authors":"Paulette Cathy Mengue, M. Mbessa, Ö. Cengiz, Rodrigue Cyriaque Kaze, Thamer Salman Alomayri, C. Pettang","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2223212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2223212","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study investigated the feasibility of low-energy and low-cost production of ceramic products from widely available alluvial clay in Batchenga, Cameroon, using low firing temperatures. A mixture consisting of 70% kaolin and 30% limestone was prepared and used as an additive in fired alluvial clay bricks. A series of samples was prepared in which the additive made up 5, 10 or 15% of the clay products, and the samples were heated at 700, 750, 800, 850 or 900 °C. The raw materials and ceramic products were characterised using x-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, bulk density, porosity, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The results revealed that products with 10% additive showed improved mechanical performance and densification after heating at all tested temperatures. A compressive strength of 28 MPa was recorded when the product was heated at 800 °C. A drastic decrease in performance was observed for all samples heated at above 800 °C; this was likely due to the conversion of CaCO3 into CaO, resulting in the appearance of voids within the matrix that weakened the structure. This is in line with the high-water absorption and porosity values recorded. The resultant ceramic products have potential for use in engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"159 - 178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48237142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study on design and the stability assessment of underground limestone mine using numerical analysis","authors":"Donghui Kim, Gyoungman Kim, H. Baek","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2218386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2218386","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, numerical analysis was performed to design a drainage system, conduct a stability assessment of the drift, and construct a layout of the drift planned to be developed in the future. Moreover, we determined the factors that affected the stability of the drift in underground limestone mines. According to hydraulic analysis, the drifts planned for the future development of test bed mines are located underground, and the amount of the groundwater inflow rate in the drift is predicted to increase rapidly. Therefore, the numbers of pumps and drainage wells need to be doubled. Based on the stability assessment of the drift, stability could be ensured with a factor of safety of 1.5 or higher, with the exception of some sections. In addition, it was determined that a minimum factor of safety of 1.0 or higher could be maintained for widths up to 12 m based on considerations of future drift development. Finally, the effects on the factor of safety were analysed by changes in the levels of factors applied to the stability assessment of the drift.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"142 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46937626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical study on the particle distribution of coal for recovery of critical metals","authors":"V. Jha","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2213264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2213264","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Coal is considered to be a significant resource of critical metals and minerals. Recovery of these critical metals is considered to be highly important in terms of advancement and technology. This paper presents a numerical study of the particle size distribution of coal and its impact on the recovery of critical metals. This study uses the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to simulate the transport and deposition of coal particles inside a helical domain, which can be used as a device for separating particles. The numerical study , based on the particle tracing model for fluid flow and particle tracing, is used to simulate the behavior of coal particles in a slurry under different flow conditions. The transient study for a six-turn helical coil domain is analyzed for different flow velocities ranging from . The simulation results show that the particle size distribution of coal plays a crucial role in the recovery of critical metals. Additionally, the distribution of critical metals inside the domain varies with the size and density of the particles. It is observed that increasing the fluid velocity can significantly increase the recovery of critical metals. Finally, the transmission probability of particles remaining trapped inside the domain is also calculated, which could help in optimizing the helical geometry so that all the particles could come out of the flowing conduit. The number of particles coming out of the helical domain increases with the increase in flow rate. The results of the study show that the particle size distribution of coal plays a significant role in the recovery of critical metals. The findings can help guide the development of more efficient and cost-effective methods for extracting critical metals from coal.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46201436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. K. Rajak, C. Guria, Laldeep Gope, Jahir Ahamad Jibran
{"title":"Hydrometallurgical recovery of critical metals from spent Li-ion batteries using simple leaching-precipitation techniques","authors":"D. K. Rajak, C. Guria, Laldeep Gope, Jahir Ahamad Jibran","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2208124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2208124","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The rising demands for critical metals and the environmental impact of solid waste disposal have increased interest in recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). This study was focused on hydrometallurgical recycling of LCMO type cathode batteries for the recovery of critical metals (lithium, cobalt, and manganese). The process involves sulfuric acid leaching in the presence of a reducing agent (H2O2) followed by the precipitation recovery of critical metals. The influential parameters like pulp density, H2SO4 concentration, H2O2 addition, agitation time, and temperature were optimized, yielding >98% leaching in 2.0 M H2SO4 with 4 vol.% of H2O2 at a moderate temperature of 50°C. Reaction kinetics revealed that the leaching was governed by the mixed-control process. Furthermore, the separation and recovery of metals from leach liquor was conducted by simple precipitation techniques, where KMnO4, C2H2O4, and Na2CO3 were used as precipitating reagents to recover MnO2, CoC2O4, and Li2CO3, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45296723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reclamation of mineral acids from various waste streams using solvent extraction technique: a review","authors":"Muhammad Ahmad Muhsan, A. F. Zahoor","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2202206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2202206","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With the tremendous growth in industrialization, the consumption of mineral acids in various industrial processes such as electro-refining, electro-winning, etching, leaching, and catalyst also increased day by day with its massive waste stream. The mineralogical industries are progressively being constrained by cost pressing and other prescribed factors to lessen the generation of acidic waste. This requires a solid spotlight to regenerate, recycle, and reuse of acidic waste streams. In this review, different methods used for acids recovery are highlighted and particular attention is paid to solvent extraction. Further, various sources of acid waste streams are identified for the recovery of mineral acids. The selectivity of extractants for effective extraction/recovery of mineral acids such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and boric acid (H3BO3) from acidic waste streams has also been discussed in detail. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49033533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The characteristics of CO2 front dynamic migration in low permeability sandstone oil reservoirs under different miscibility degrees","authors":"Yong-Su Jin, Zhilin Wang, Zhenxin Zhang, Bo Lin, Zhengjun Ge, Qidong You, Hao Chen, Xiliang Liu, Chenghao Xu, Shuaiqiang Gao, Yi Wu, Zafarullah Abro","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2199745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2199745","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT CO2 flooding is a significant technology for oil recovery, to reveal the microcosmic mechanism of CO2 flooding, CO2 slim tube experiments, long core CO2 flooding experiments, gas chromatography analysis experiments, and numerical simulations were carried out. The results show that the miscibility increase can improve the effect of dissolution and diffusion in the CO2-crude oil system, easing the CO2 finger entry phenomena, and delaying gas breakthrough time. Besides, the CO2 -crude oil interaction is enhanced by increasing the pressure difference between the injection well and the production well, which improves the oil recovery of CO2 flooding. Besides, CO2 carries the light and medium components (C4 ~ 25) forward to cross the first miscible zone, which makes the CO2-crude oil system form double miscible zones. This study reveals the rule of CO2 front and light components front under different miscibility degrees of CO2 flooding from the microscopic perspective and deepens the theory of CO2 flooding in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"119 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47942547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuti Desai, R. Srivastava, V. K. Srivastava, G. Kaushik, Vinay Singh
{"title":"Hydrometallurgical recovery of critical metals from an incinerated fly ash of municipal solid waste from western India","authors":"Yuti Desai, R. Srivastava, V. K. Srivastava, G. Kaushik, Vinay Singh","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2201296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2201296","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The global generation of 2.2 billion tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) as a result of population growth, rapid urbanization, and industrial development has highlighted an urgent need for MSW management. Incineration is widely accepted as one alternative to landfilling; however, the recovery of heavy metals from the incinerated fly ash (IFA) before its final disposal is highly desirable to make the process sustainable. In this study, we studied the recovery of zinc and lead from typical MSW-IFA employing hydrometallurgical techniques. Sulfuric acid leaching was performed to selectively leach out zinc over the lead at the optimal condition of H2SO4 concentration = 1.5 M, temperature = 30°C, S/L ratio = 150 g/L, time = 2 h, and stirring speed = 300 rpm. The sulfate leach liquor was treated with a 5% stoichiometric excess of oxalic acid to precipitate>99% of zinc to be recovered as ZnC2O4·2 H2O. Further, the remaining lead in leach residue was subsequently leached in 50 g/L NaCl solution for 2 h yielded>94% efficiency. The dissolved lead was crystallized to recover the crystals of PbCl2. The demonstrated process leads towards the recovery of critical metals from an alternative source of MSW-IFA.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43650668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}