Geosystem Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Hydrometallurgical recycling of critical metals from spent Ni-Cd batteries with emphasis on the separation of Cd2+ over Ni2+ using D2EHPA","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2201290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2201290","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study is comprised of a hydrometallurgical process investigated for the recovery of critical metals viz. nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd) from spent Ni-Cd batteries with a focus on solvent extraction of Cd-ions. The leaching performed at 5 (w/v)% pulp density using 2.0 M H2SO4 with 7 (v/v)% H2O2 for 6 h duration at 90°C yielded the maximum leaching efficiency of >91% Ni and >99% Cd along with a significant quantity of Fe (>87%). Iron was subjected to hydrolytic precipitation to its complete removal (below 10 ppm in the solution) from the leach liquor at a pH of ~3.5. After that, the Ni-Cd-containing solution was contacted with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) to study the extraction behavior as a function of extractant concentration, equilibrium pH, and organic-to-aqueous (O:A) phase ratio. At an equilibrium pH of 3.3, a significant quantity of Ni (>18%) was co-extracted with ~73% Cd by contacting 20 (v/v)% D2EHPA, which was completely scrubbed by contacting 15 g/L CdSO4 solution at an O:A ratio of 2. The scrubbed organic containing 14.4 g/L Cd was then recovered by stripping with 1.5 M H2SO4 solution at an O:A ratio of 1, yielding >99% Cd into the aqueous phase. Further, Ni was recovered from the raffinate by adding soda ash at Na2CO3:Ni2+ ratio = 2.5, temperature = 50°C, and time = 1 h, which was analyzed to be NiCO3.2Ni(OH)2 with purity >99.9%. The experimental results showed the potential of hydrometallurgical tools for the recovery of critical metals from spent Ni-Cd batteries.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41964290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solvent extraction of gold from a chloride-hypochlorite leached solution of waste printed circuit boards","authors":"R. Srivastava, Nimra Ilyas","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2199751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2199751","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study reveals the reclamation process of gold from a brine-leached solution of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) after the maximum leaching of base metals in a nitric acid medium. The brine leaching performed in the presence of hypochlorite yielded leach liquor of 152 ppm Au, 86 ppm, Cu, and 62 ppm Ni that underwent solvent extraction with tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) in Exxol D80. The gold extraction process was observed to be selective over base metal impurities, while the effect of TBP concentration, equilibrium pH, temperature, and organic-to-aqueous phase ratio was optimized. Experimental results showed the formation of complex into the extraction phase with the negative enthalpy change value of −98.7 kJ/mol. Thiosulphate mobilized stripping of gold from the loaded-TBP could give about 99% recovery efficiency of the solvent extraction process along with a good regeneration of the organic extractant to be re-used.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47673955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative leaching of spent fluorescent lamp for extracting yttrium and europium: kinetics and optimization studies","authors":"S. Suman, D. K. Rajak, Ziaul Haque Ansari","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2199014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2199014","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Electronic (e-)waste viz. the spent fluorescent lamps can be a rich source of rare earth elements (REEs) for the secondary supply of them. This article reports a comparative study on mineral acid leaching and, then, compared an alkali diffusion-acid leaching process for higher efficiency of yttrium and europium. Using a direct acid leach process, 2 M HNO3 yielded a better dissolution efficiency of REEs at the moderate temperature of 60°C and in the presence of H2O2in comparison to 91% and 87% leaching efficiency with 2.0 M H2SO4. On the other hand, the alkali-fused phosphor mass leached in 2.0 M H2SO4 without H2O2 addition showed remarkable progress in dissolution efficiency, yielding >99% and >98% of yttrium and europium in the leach liquor. Furthermore, the leaching kinetics of the alkali-diffused phosphor showed the best fit with the logarithmic rate law. The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 43.3 kJ/mol and 35.1 kJ/mol for yttrium and europium, indicating two different mechanisms during the leaching process by following the chemical- and diffusion-controlled reactions, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49222769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the interaction mechanism between fracturing fluid and continental shale oil reservoir","authors":"Yi-Hang Wang, Xiaoping Li, Li Yin, Kun Wang, Jing Xie, Zhi-Li Li","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2194884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2194884","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Onshore shale oil is difficult to develop due to its special pore structure and low permeability characteristics. Artificial fracturing causes a large amount of fracturing fluid to intrude into the reservoir, resulting in a complex reservoir seepage pattern. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the changes in the reservoir at the macro and micro levels due to the interaction between fracturing fluids and shale oil reservoirs. For this, four rock samples from shale oil reservoirs and two fracturing fluids commonly used in the mine were used. Then, core repulsion, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and CT scanning experiments were carried out successively. The following results were derived from our analyses. (1) Permeability of the rock samples was reduced by an average of 24.47% after replacement by fracturing fluid, while the experimental groups with larger fluid-grain sizes and well-developed fracture networks suffered more significant solid-phase damage and fluid-phase trapping. (2) Fracturing fluids have different effects on fractures at different scales; large fractures (>7.71 μm) were widened, while small fractures (<3.47 μm) were shrunk or even plugged. (3) Based on the water-sensitive effect, fracturing fluids can disperse and transport clay minerals, resulting in fluid-phase damage and an average decrease of 14.33% in clay content in the reservoir. (4) Analysis of the digital core model shows that fracturing fluid intrusion and retention can cause solid-phase damage to the reservoir matrix, with 38.14% and 60% damage to the pore and throat channels, respectively. This paper uses a combination of physical experiments and numerical analysis to investigate the interaction mechanism between fracturing fluids and shale oil reservoirs from both microscopic and macroscopic perspectives. Overall, the results of this study provide experimental support for future studies on the seepage characteristics of this type of reservoir and the design of fracturing construction schemes.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"85 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41442889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel method to calculate the increasing rate of water cut in water flooding oil reservoirs","authors":"Hongyou Zhang, Yuejie Wang, M. Wang, Qi Deng, Yanhui Zhang","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2182370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2182370","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, a new method for studying the theoretical water cut increasing rate of water flooding reservoirs is proposed based on the correction of the traditional fractional flow equation. First, the stream tube model was used to solve the saturation distribution field of reverse nine-point injection-production well pattern. Second, through analyzing the saturation results, the linear formula between the average water saturation of the reservoir after water breakthrough and the water saturation at the outlet was established for the first time. Then, based on the linear formula, the traditional fractional flow equation was corrected and a new method was proposed. Finally, the proposed method was applied to Bohai S oilfield to demonstrate its accuracy and practicability. On the one hand, the results show that compared with the traditional fractional flow equation method, the prediction accuracy of the proposed method has increased from 80% to more than 92%. On the other hand, the application of the new method effectively evaluates the development effect of oilfields with high water cut and guides formulation of reasonable adjustment measures.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"67 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42954482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of air pollution on groundwater contamination through water reservoir","authors":"Animesh Samanta, Ayan Chatterjee, M. Singh","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2187888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2187888","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, an incisive analysis had been carried out to investigate the impact of air pollution on groundwater through a water reservoir. The primary objective of the present work was to develop a mathematical model that shows the direct impact of air pollution on groundwater contamination. The advection-dispersion equation (ADE) was considered to model the contaminant transport through the different media. Due to its inherent complexities, contaminant transport through the different domains was often difficult to model. To overcome it, the simple solution was to consider different velocities and dispersion for different domains. It was considered that the air zone was directly connected with the groundwater through a large water body. Initially, water body and aquifer had been considered contaminant free along with the flux type boundary condition at the semi-infinite part of the boundary. The model had been solved analytically using Laplace transformations. The current study demonstrates that depending upon the length of the medium the impact of contaminant would vary significantly. The air pollution source height had a direct impact on the contaminant concentration level in the aquifer aquitard system. The current study also illustrates that around 25% of air pollutants were induced in the groundwater.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"75 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47035958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid–liquid separation of copper and nickel ammine complexes using phenolic oxime mixture with tributyl phosphate","authors":"S. Ilyas, R. Srivastava, Suhyeon Jin, Hyunjung Kim","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2187887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2187887","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the present study, a complete separation of copper over nickel has been studied from an ammoniacal leach liquor of nickel laterite ore generated via the Caron process. For this purpose, a phenolic oxime (LIX 84-IC) used as the extractant molecule was mixed with tributyl phosphate (TBP) to inhibit the co-extraction of nickel with copper loading into the organic phase. The antagonistic effect of TBP was confirmed by the distribution coefficients to be D mix << D LIX 84-IC + D TBP and negative values of ∆D. The highest separation (β Cu/Ni) of >1329 was yielded using the molar ratio of organic mixture at LIX 84-IC:TBP = 0.4:0.6 at an organic-to-aqueous phase ratio of 1. The thermodynamic properties of copper extraction exhibited an endothermic nature with ΔH° value of 5.4 kJ∙mol−1, indicating the formation of inner-sphere coordination between metal ions and the organic mixture. Further, the stripping of copper from the loaded organic phase was quantitatively achieved by contacting with 1.0 mol∙L−1 H2SO4 solution at the unit phase ratio.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"58 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45548639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex selection of a demulsifier: laboratory studies, numerical simulation and field tests","authors":"Yurievich Ilyushin Pavel, Vyatkin Kirill Andreevich, Kozlov Anton Vadimovich","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2023.2179116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2023.2179116","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The formation of oil-in-water emulsions is one of the main problems in oil production in many oil fields around the world. The transition of exploited fields to the later stages of development exacerbates this complication. The paper presents a method for the complex selection of a demulsifier for in-line demulsification. Laboratory studies were carried out to select the most effective brand and dosage of the demulsifier. Numerical modeling of the influence of the geometrical parameters of the nozzle for the distributed introduction of the demulsifier into the flow on the degree of distribution of the demulsifier in the pipeline section has been performed. As a result of field research at the target object, a 2-fold reduction in the demulsifier dosage was achieved while maintaining pressure in the pipeline. Similar studies were performed for three other objects, where a reduction in reagent consumption by 60, 59 and 25%, respectively, were achieved. The performed study indicates the importance of not only research on the selection of demulsifiers, but also the study of the influence of the method of its introduction into the oil flow to increase the degree of interaction of the reagent with the emulsion being processed.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"48 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43665856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reservoir automatic history matching method using ensemble Kalman filter based on shrinkage covariance matrix estimation","authors":"Cao Jing","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2022.2163308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2022.2163308","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Because the geological conditions of the reservoir are complicated and involve many factors, the inversion of reservoir parameters is realized by using numerical simulation technology and history matching method. At present, Ensemble Kalman Filter method is widely used in history matching. But in the fact, the Ensemble Kalman Filter has problem such as inaccurate gradient calculation and pseudo correlation. In this paper, the Ensemble Kalman Filter based on shrinkage covariance matrix estimation is used to construct the localization matrix. By gradually matching production performance, the gradient of data assimilation method is corrected, the pseudo correlation is weakened, the reservoir model is updated, and the optimal estimate is obtained. By an example, we compare the Ensemble Kalman Filter and Ensemble Kalman Filter based on shrinkage covariance matrix estimation. The results show that Ensemble Kalman Filter based on shrinkage covariance matrix estimation is superior to Ensemble Kalman Filter in the accuracy of model production dynamic matching.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"39 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43009376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling hydraulic fracture fluid efficiency in tight gas reservoirs using non-linear regression and a back-propagation neural network","authors":"Rami Khouli, A. Garrouch, F. Al-Ruhaimani","doi":"10.1080/12269328.2022.2159546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12269328.2022.2159546","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study introduces a back-propagation (BP) neural network model and a regression model for estimating the fracture fluid efficiency based on a data set consisting of 1261 staged and ramped simulation runs of tight gas reservoirs subjected to hydraulic fracturing treatment. Data were generated using a 3-D commercial simulator which is a versatile software portfolio that models many well configurations, proppant placement, and fracture geometries. The BP network inputs consist of shear rate/fracture conductivity ratio, the injection rate, reservoir permeability, formation closure stress, reservoir thickness, effective viscosity, and fracture height. The neural network model was able to generate satisfactory estimates of the fracture fluid efficiency for the training dataset, and for the blind testing data. An average error of approximately 2.5% was obtained for the training set, and an average error of 3% was obtained for the testing set. An empirical non-linear regression model has been constructed based on dimensionless groups derived by applying dimensional analysis to a set of variables consisting of the maximum fracture width, fracture length, fracture height, effective viscosity, shear rate/fracture conductivity ratio, reservoir thickness, injection rate, reservoir permeability, and formation closure stress. The average error for estimating the fluid efficiency using the non-linear regression empirical model was approximately 6.17%. Since the non-linear regression model has an explicit formulation, it is easier to apply than the neural network model. The empirical regression model estimates of the fluid efficiency appeared to be unbiased and were more precise than those estimates obtained using either the KGD or the PKN 2-D models. The introduced BP model and the non-linear regression model offer fast and inexpensive alternatives to the application of three-dimensional simulators for estimating the fluid efficiency.","PeriodicalId":12714,"journal":{"name":"Geosystem Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"12 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45784352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}