Geoscience frontiers最新文献

{"title":"Are global U-Pb detrital zircon age distributions valid proxies for global igneous activity?","authors":"Stephen J. Puetz ,&nbsp;Kent C. Condie ,&nbsp;Slah Boulila ,&nbsp;Qiuming Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When interpreting results, it is imperative to have some understanding of the degree to which the results are replicable. If the results cannot be replicated with independent data, then interpretations from the results become questionable. To minimize the potential for misinterpretations, the current study analyzes six time-series derived from globally sampled U-Pb zircon databases – of which, two are independent igneous databases, one being a quasi-independent igneous database, and three being independent detrital databases. These time-series are then analyzed with standard statistical methods to evaluate replicability. The methods include bandpass filtering to transform the raw time-series into stationary sequences, Student’s <em>t</em>-test, Monte Carlo simulations, periodograms from spectral analysis, correlation studies, and correlograms. Each test is designed to determine the replicability of a specific time-series, as well as the replicability of periodicities found from the time-series. The results show at least three key components to assessing replicability: (a) U-Pb igneous and detrital zircon age distributions are highly replicable, (b) time-series replicability gradually deteriorates with age, and (c) replicability is scale dependent, with low frequency cycles being more replicable than high frequency cycles. From the tests, we conclude that four harmonic cycles are highly replicable and statistically significant, these being periodicities of 810, 270, 90, and 67.5-myr.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102075"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Jurassic carbon cycle perturbations recorded in terrestrial sediments of the Sichuan Basin, China","authors":"Xin Jin ,&nbsp;Viktória Baranyi ,&nbsp;David B. Kemp ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Shi ,&nbsp;Hao Zou ,&nbsp;Binbing Li ,&nbsp;Yunwang Zhang ,&nbsp;Marco Franceschi","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE, ∼183 Ma) is marked in the sedimentary record by a sharp negative carbon isotope excursion, thought to be causally linked to the emplacement of the Karoo-Ferrar Large Igneous Province and the associated release of ¹²C-enriched carbon. The T-OAE coincided with global climate and environmental changes, as well as biotic events, indicating substantial modifications in ecosystems. Recent studies have focused on the evidence of geological responses to the T-OAE in Early Jurassic terrestrial basins in China, particularly the Sichuan Basin. Nevertheless, debate remains over the identification of this event, owing to inadequate age-constraints of many sections, and a lack of robust correlations of the carbon isotope records. Moreover, the long-term evolution of the terrestrial carbon isotope record through the Early Jurassic, and its correlation to marine records, is still not firmly established. In this paper, we present new carbon isotope analyses of carbonate (<em>δ</em>¹³C_carb) from lacustrine carbonates and terrestrial organic matter (<em>δ</em>¹³C_org) from bulk rocks within the Ma’anshan and Da’anzhai members of the Ziliujing Formation from the Dacao ‘D’ (DCD) section in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Palynological-palynofacies analysis reveals a predominance of <em>Classopollis</em> pollen together with marker taxa such as <em>Ischyosporites variegatus</em>, <em>Contignisporites problematicus</em>, in the palynological assemblage, indicating a Pliensbachian–Toarcian age. A negative carbon isotope excursion (NCIE) is recorded in the organic carbon isotope data at the topmost part of the Pliensbachian Ma’anshan Member, which can be correlated to the Pliensbachian–Toarcian Boundary Event. This is followed, in the Toarcian Da’anzhai Member, by a major NCIE recorded in both organic matter and carbonate carbon isotope data which can be correlated to the T-OAE NCIE. A long-term carbon isotope record spanning the Sinemurian to Toarcian in Sichuan terrestrial sediments is also been reconstructed and its correlation with coeval marine records is proposed. A broader review of <em>δ</em>¹³C data from Chinese terrestrial basins spanning the Pliensbachian–Toarcian highlights a distinct ¹³C-depleted signature in the Sichuan Basin compared to basins at higher latitudes. Changes in latitudinal gradients and organic matters in the lake sediments were likely important factors influencing the amplitudes of the T-OAE NCIE and the carbon isotope values in terrestrial sedimentary records.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102073"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and global carbon inequality: Addressing the challenges and opportunities for SDG 10, SDG 12, and SDG 13","authors":"Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yufang Li ,&nbsp;Ugur Korkut Pata ,&nbsp;Rongrong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on carbon inequality (CI) in 67 countries from 1995 to 2019. The results suggest that (i) AI significantly amplifies CI both between and within countries due to its energy requirements and uneven deployment; (ii) trade openness and global value chain (GVC) positioning mitigate AI’s effect on inter-country CI, while robust governance—marked by larger government size and institutional transparency—curtails intra-country disparities; (iii) specific thresholds (trade openness &gt; 4.74, GVC position &gt;  −1.07, government size &gt; 2.90, transparency &gt;  −0.22) shift the impact of AI from exacerbating to reducing CI. The adverse effects of AI can be reversed through enhanced trade, GVC integration, and strong governance. Key policy implications: Policymakers must prioritize exceeding these thresholds to leverage AI for sustainable and equitable outcomes. This requires (a) promoting trade liberalization to spread the benefits of AI globally, reducing inter-country CI; (b) strengthening GVC participation to offset the carbon-intensive use of AI; (c) building government capacity and transparency to ensure fair adoption of AI domestically; and (d) embedding these strategies in climate policies to align AI with the long-term goals of environmental justice and the SDGs, particularly climate action (SDG 13) and reducing inequalities (SDG 10).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102072"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of peridotites of the Shangla Complex Ophiolite along Main Mantle Thrust, Northern Pakistan","authors":"Zaheen Ullah ,&nbsp;Asad Khan ,&nbsp;Huan Li ,&nbsp;Tehseen Zafar ,&nbsp;Asghar Ali ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farhan ,&nbsp;Zahid Hussain ,&nbsp;Adnan Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Idrees ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ibrar","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Shangla Complex ophiolite represents a relic of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere along the Indus Suture Zone (also known as the Main Mantle Thrust) in northern Pakistan. This section, thrust onto the continental margin between the Indian and Karakoram (Asian) plates, is predominantly composed of depleted harzburgites, dunites and chromitites. In this study, we conducted a thorough analysis of mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry (major oxides, trace elements, PGE), and integrated Re-Os isotopic data from mantle-derived peridotites to understand their petrogenesis and melt evolution. These peridotites exhibit a depleted nature, characterized by a low modal composition of clinopyroxene, a wide forsterite content range in olivine (86.5 to 95.2), and a large variation in Cr# values (25.1–91.4). Their diverse whole-rock geochemistry further suggests varying degrees of partial melting. The Cpx-harzburgites show high average Al₂O₃ (1.83 wt.%), CaO (2.27 wt.%), ΣREE (12.9 ppb), and ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os values between 0.13095 and 0.12571. On the other hand, the depleted harzburgites and dunites exhibit lower average Al₂O₃ (0.57 wt.% and 0.14 wt.%, respectively), CaO concentration (0.59 wt.% and 0.21 wt.%, respectively), and ∑REE concentrations, measured at 12.7 ppb and 8.9 ppb, respectively. The ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios in the depleted harzburgites and dunites range from 0.12643 to 0.11777, indicating they are less radiogenic compared to the Cpx-harzburgites. The spoon-shaped rare earth elements (REE) patterns suggest that the Cpx-harzburgites underwent low degrees of partial melting (∼10%–15%), whereas the depleted harzburgites and dunites indicate somewhat higher degrees of partial melting (additional melting of the Cpx-harzburgites). The PGE abundances in these depleted harzburgites and dunites are linked to the partial melting of Cpx-harzburgites, resulting in a boninitic-like melt. Their low degree of melting and melt extraction suggests that Cpx-harzburgites initially formed at a mid-ocean ridge (MOR) spreading center or a distal fore-arc basin. In contrast, the depleted harzburgites and dunites were formed during a second phase of melting, followed by refertilization, closely associated with a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) setting. The Re-Os isotopic systematics of the Shangla Complex peridotites reveal model age clusters of ca. 250 Ma and ca. 450 Ma, potentially corresponding to significant tectonic events in the geodynamic evolution of the Neo-Tethyan, Rheic, and Proto- Tethyan oceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102070"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Si isotope compositions of subduction zone fluids controlled by fluid-rock interaction and fluid evolution","authors":"Kun Chen ,&nbsp;Yi-Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Hui-Min Yu ,&nbsp;Hans-Peter Schertl ,&nbsp;Tatsuki Tsujimori ,&nbsp;Sergei Skuzovatov","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jadeitites are formed either through direct precipitation from Na-Al-Si rich fluids (P-type), or by replacement of magmatic protoliths (R-type) in subduction zones. They are valuable targets for investigating the mobility behavior and chemical composition of subduction zone fluids. The Rio San Juan Complex (RSJC) in the northern Dominican Republic hosts both P- and R-type jadeitites and jadeite-rich rocks, which provide ideal samples for addressing such issues. Here, we present trace element and Sr-Nd-O-Si isotope compositions of RSJC jadeitites and related rocks. Most samples show similar REE patterns, trace element distributions and <em>δ</em>¹⁸O values to those of plagiogranite protoliths, indicating the predominance of R-type origin in RSJC. The P-type samples exhibit slightly higher <em>δ</em>³⁰Si values (−0.15‰ to 0.25‰) than that of R-type samples (−0.20‰ to 0.08‰), which place above the igneous array. The low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i (0.70346 to 0.70505) and high <em>ε</em>_Nd(<em>t</em>) values (4.6 to 6.8) of the P-type jadeitites and quartzites, along with relatively low <em>δ</em>¹⁸O values (4.7‰ to 6.4‰) of their forming fluids, indicate that the fluids are likely derived from the altered basaltic crust rather than from oceanic sediment. However, the estimated jadeitite- and quartzite-forming fluids exhibit distinct <em>δ</em>³⁰Si values (0.76‰ to 0.99‰ and –0.48‰ to –0.08‰, respectively), implying an evolution of the fluids that modified the Si isotopic compositions. Since fluid metasomatism and related desilication process could have lowered the whole-rock <em>δ</em>³⁰Si values, the heavy Si isotope compositions of the R-type samples are produced from the external fluids. Combing Rayleigh distillation and binary mixing simulations, we propose that fluids derived from altered oceanic crust obtained high <em>δ</em>³⁰Si values after crystallization of minerals enriched in light Si isotopes. The P-type jadeitites are formed through direct precipitation from this fluid. As the plagiogranite protoliths were continuously replaced by this fluid, the formed R-type samples (jadeitites and quartzites) also exhibit high <em>δ</em>³⁰Si values. Such rocks could significantly alter the Si isotope compositions of local mantle when they are deeply subducted at convergent plate margins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102071"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoscience Frontiers 2024 Annual Convention","authors":"Lily Wang,&nbsp;Mudan Yin,&nbsp;Yongqiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 102043"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Fluoride contamination in groundwater: A global review of the status, processes, challenges, and remedial measures” [Geosci. Front. 15(2) (2024) 101734]","authors":"E. Shaji ,&nbsp;K.V. Sarath ,&nbsp;M. Santosh ,&nbsp;P.K. Krishnaprasad ,&nbsp;B.K. Arya ,&nbsp;Manisha S. Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 102051"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorite deposits: A promising unconventional resource for rare earth elements","authors":"Shamim A. Dar ,&nbsp;V. Balaram ,&nbsp;Parijat Roy ,&nbsp;Akhtar R. Mir ,&nbsp;Mohammad Javed ,&nbsp;M. Siva Teja","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102044","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The green energy transition relies heavily on critical metals, such as rare earth elements (REEs). However, their reserves are primarily focused in a few countries, such as China, which accounts for approximately 70% of global production. Hence, several countries are currently looking for alternative resources for REEs. Alternative REE resources in the supply chain include recycling of e-waste, industrial waste like red mud and phosphogypsum, coal ash, mine tailings, ocean floor sediments, and even certain types of sedimentary deposits like phosphorites where REEs are present in lower concentrations but at larger volumes compared to primary ore deposits which are becoming targets by REEs industry. Currently, several studies are going on the development of eco-friendly REEs extraction technologies from phosphorite deposits. Consequently, advanced data analysis tools, such as Machine Learning (ML), are becoming increasingly important in mineral prospectivity and are rapidly gaining traction in the earth sciences. Phosphorite deposits are mainly used to manufacture fertilizers as these rocks are known for their significant phosphorus content. Moreover, these formations are considered a prospective resource of REEs. The different types of phosphorite deposits such as continental, seamount, and ore deposits worldwide reported concentrations of ∑REE upto 18,000 µg/g. Due to the augmented claim of REEs for various ultra-modern, and green technology applications that are required to switch over to a carbon–neutral environment, these phosphorite deposits have become an important target mostly because of their relatively higher content of REEs especially heavy rare earth elements (HREE). For example, Mississippian phosphorites reported ∑HREE 7,000 µg/g. To have a comprehensive understanding of the REEs potential of these phosphorite deposits which also include several Chinese phosphorite deposits, this study is undertaken to review the phosphorite deposits in the world and their REEs potential, in addition to some of the associated aspects such as applications and formation mechanisms for different types of phosphorite deposits such as igneous phosphate deposits, sedimentary phosphorite deposits, marine phosphorite deposits, cave phosphate deposits, and insular guano deposits. Other important aspects include their occurrences, types, geochemical characteristics, the REEs enrichment mechanisms, and various recovery methods adopted to recover REEs from different phosphorite deposits. The present review paper concludes that the recent studies highlight the global potential of phosphorite deposits to satisfy the increasing demand for REEs. Extracting REEs from phosphorite presents no significant technological or environmental difficulties, as long as radioactive elements are eliminated. In India, more comprehensive geological surveys, along with the advancement of new methods and evaluations, are required to locate phosphorite deposits with high conc","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 102044"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geoscience Frontiers Referees 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 102010"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Cretaceous columnar basalts from the Mesoarchean Coorg Block, Southern India: A potential plume-influenced rifting event or a localized magmatic phenomenon?","authors":"S.G. Dhanil Dev ,&nbsp;Pooja Pradeep ,&nbsp;Chengxue Yang ,&nbsp;Anoop Sooraj ,&nbsp;P.K. Krishnaprasad ,&nbsp;K.V. Sarath","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of mantle plume in the final stages of rifting of the East Gondwana crustal fragments remains equivocal with only limited evidence so far reported from the southern part of Peninsular India. Here, we report for the first time a suite of columnar basalts from the Mesoarchean Coorg Block in the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) of India and characterize these rocks through field, petrological, geochemical, and isotope geochronological studies. The basalts show porphyritic texture with phenocrysts of pyroxene and plagioclase embedded in fine groundmass. Geochemical data reveal tholeiitic flood basalt affinity with affinities of plume-related magmatism. The zircon U-Pb data of the rocks yield a weighted mean age of 137 Ma, thus corresponding to the Valanginian Age of the Early Cretaceous Period. We suggest the possible geochemical affinity of the studied rocks Kerguelen plume basalts which provide new insights into magmatism associated with the final stages of East Gondwana rifting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102058"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}