Geoscience frontiers最新文献

{"title":"Warm continental subduction initiated by back-arc collapse: Evidence from remote south-west Tasmania","authors":"Dillon A. Brown ,&nbsp;Martin Hand ,&nbsp;Laura J. Morrissey ,&nbsp;Justin L. Payne ,&nbsp;Andrew W. McNeill","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tasmanian microcontinent, situated along the East Gondwana accretionary margin during the late Neoproterozoic and early Palaeozoic, contains an unequivocal high-pressure metamorphic record comprising key information pertaining to the geodynamics of subduction along the margin. Subduction of the Tasmanian microcontinent is interpreted by some as a response to back-arc basin inversion prior to ophiolite obduction and high-pressure metamorphism during the Cambrian Tyennan Orogeny. However, thermobarometric evidence in support of such a model from rocks once positioned on the subducting continental margin is lacking. Despite occurrences of eclogite-facies mineral assemblages in the strongly deformed Tyennan Region of western Tasmania, garnet-bearing quartzofeldspathic assemblages documented in metasedimentary lithologies from the remote south-west coast of Tasmania have been interpreted as an expression of low- to moderate-pressure metamorphism. We report a strongly overprinted chlorite-quartz-garnet-bearing assemblage from the southern Tyennan Region (Nye Bay) which shows evidence for high-pressure metamorphism. Coarse-grained garnet porphyroblasts contain inclusions of kyanite, muscovite, and rutile, and yield in-situ Lu–Hf dates of c. 520 Ma. The cm-scale garnet porphyroblasts are zoned in the major and trace elements, preserving core-rim compositional gradients reflecting garnet growth up-pressure. Aided by mineral equilibria forward modelling, the garnet rim compositions and the Zr content of Cambrian rutile constrain peak metamorphic conditions of ∼ 17.5–19 kbar and ∼ 780–820 °C, equivalent to warm subduction thermal gradients between 410–470 °C/GPa. Garnet core compositions and the Ti content of quartz inclusions in the garnet cores constrain the pressures and temperatures for garnet nucleation to ∼ 6–7 kbar and ∼ 560–580 °C, corresponding to relatively high prograde thermal gradients between 800–965 °C/GPa. The thermal gradients determined from the south-west Tasmanian metamorphic record provide a direct window into the progressive evolution of the thermal state of the Cambrian subduction system, with the physical conditions of garnet nucleation potentially reflecting those of subduction initiation. The corresponding warm thermal gradients provide evidence for subduction initiation driven by the collapse of a pre-orogenic back-arc. This interpretation is consistent with an existing tectonic model for the Tyennan Orogeny which proposes a back-arc basin origin for the protoliths to the western Tasmanian sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 102009"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial applicability optics of the TROPOspheric monitoring instrument (TROPOMI) on a global scale: An overview","authors":"Alcindo Neckel ,&nbsp;Emanuelle Goellner ,&nbsp;Marcos L.S. Oliveira ,&nbsp;Paloma Carollo Toscan ,&nbsp;Alana Urio ,&nbsp;Guilherme Peterle Schmitz ,&nbsp;Giana Mores ,&nbsp;Brian William Bodah ,&nbsp;Eduardo Nuno Borges Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies arising from literature reviews are important as they facilitate specific understanding about the use of the Sentinel-5P satellite developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) to detect the concentration levels of atmospheric pollutants on a global scale. The objective of this literature review is to analyze the application of the geospatial optics of the Sentinel-5P satellite; coupled with the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) in the detection of NO₂ and CO over the period beginning in May 2018 and lasting through May 2024. This was accomplished using manuscripts published in the ScienceDirect databases. The study employed the rigorous Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, using the specific search term ‘sentinel TROPOMI satellite’, which yielded 555 results published between 2018 and 2024. Subsequently, 274 manuscripts were selected, and 85 were classified for analysis after a concise review. The Content Analysis Method (CAM) was used to understand the absolute frequency, with the use of the MAXQDA software (version 24.2.0) in this analysis. The purpose of using TROPOMI in the 85 manuscripts analyzed is significant. The manuscripts studied focused on air quality monitoring (30.1%), COVID-19 impact detection (24.3%), assessment of pollution sources (23.3%), support for decision makers (13.6%) and the development of methods and tools (8.7%). In this context, 38.5% of the examined studies focused on Asia, followed Europe (29.2%), North and South America (25.1%) and Africa (7.3%). TROPOMI data makes it possible to contribute to creating future government public policies on both the local and global scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 102008"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium isotopes in the geothermal waters of the India–Asia continental convergent margin: Source and evolution","authors":"Yinlei Hao ,&nbsp;Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Xingxing Kuang ,&nbsp;Qinghua Gong ,&nbsp;Yuqing Feng ,&nbsp;Meizhuang Zhu ,&nbsp;Nianqing Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium (Li) in geothermal waters along the India–Asia continental convergent margin is a potential Li resource and plays an important role in the Li budget and Li isotopic composition (<em>δ</em>⁷Li) of rivers and oceans. However, its origins and behavior remain unclear. Here, we systematically investigated the <em>δ</em>⁷Li, water (<em>δ</em>¹⁸O and <em>δ</em>²H) and helium (³He/⁴He) isotopes of 21 geothermal water samples as well as a series of shallow groundwater and river water samples from southern Tibet and the Himalayas. The <em>δ</em>⁷Li values of geothermal waters vary from +1.0‰ to +14.3‰ and are negatively correlated with the Li concentration (0.006–35.0 mg/L). For geothermal water with Li concentrations &gt;5 mg/L, Li is sourced mainly from magmatic fluids exsolving from granitic magma chambers in the crust rather than the mantle, with contributions of 49.5% ± 3.2% to 85.5% ± 1.0%. The <em>δ</em>⁷Li values of these Li-rich geothermal waters are relatively homogeneous and comparable to those of bulk granitic rocks. They are mainly controlled by the Li isotopic compositions of granitic magmatic fluids (−2.6‰ to +5.6‰), and the dissolution of primary minerals and the precipitation of secondary minerals with minimal Li isotopic fractionation during high-temperature (174 ± 5 °C to 315 ± 6 °C) water–granite interactions at deep geothermal reservoirs (4.4–7.9 km). For geothermal waters with Li concentrations &lt;5 mg/L, Li originates primarily from water–granitic rock interactions (dominated by biotite dissolution) at 106 ± 3 °C to 207 ± 10 °C, contributing approximately 85% ± 16% of the total Li. An integrated dissolution–precipitation–mixing model suggests that high <em>δ</em>⁷Li values in Li-depleted samples result from preferential incorporation of ⁶Li into secondary minerals at lower reservoir temperatures within shallower reservoirs (2.7–5.2 km) and mixing of shallow groundwater during the ascent of geothermal waters. This study provides new insights into the fluid geochemistry of crustal granitic magma chambers and highlights that Li-rich geothermal waters in Tibet are controlled by the existence of crustal granitic magma chambers and the scale of faults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 102001"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143319068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the geochemical and geochronological diversities of the pre-collisional magmatism: Implications for the subduction dynamics in the Kohistan island arc and Karakorum block, Pakistan","authors":"Matee Ullah ,&nbsp;Urs Klötzli ,&nbsp;Christian Rentenberger ,&nbsp;Jiří Sláma ,&nbsp;Muhammad Younas ,&nbsp;Muhammad Khubab ,&nbsp;Mohammad Goudarzi ,&nbsp;Tanveer Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The magmatic arcs in the north-west region of Pakistan comprises of numerous volcanic and plutonic bodies of different ages and compositions evolved during the subduction of the Neo- Tethys Ocean under the Eurasian supercontinent. This study focusses on the examination of the granitoids of the Kohistan batholith (a part of Kohistan-Ladakh Island Arc; KLIA) and the Khunjerab pluton, concentrating on their petrological traits, mineral chemistry, in-situ zircon U-Pb geochronology, and whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry. According to zircon U-Pb dating, the Kohistan batholith granitoid was emplaced around 91.7 ± 0.3 Ma, while zircons of the Khunjerab pluton yield ages of 106.4 ± 0.4 Ma and 106.4 ± 1.0 Ma. All the samples from both magmatic units have calcic to calc-alkaline (Na₂O + K₂O: 3.6–10.6 wt.% and SiO₂: 60–73 wt.%), metaluminous to peraluminous properties (Aluminum Saturation Index (ASI): 0.9–1.2). Notably, Nb, Ta, and Ti show depletion, while large ion lithophile elements like Cs, Rb, and K have been enriched. Additionally, we find that SiO₂ and P₂O₅ have a negative correlation while Rb and Th have a positive correlation, which confirm an I-type arc magmatism. Together with the published literature, TEM analysis, and thermal modelling, our zircon U-Pb results point to a period of continuous magmatic activity from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous (between 150 Ma and 91 Ma) in the Kohistan Island arc region while the Khunjerab pluton (part of Karakorum block/Eurasian plate) experienced widespread magmatism around 120 Ma to 106 Ma. With SiO₂ concentrations ranging from 67.5–73.3 wt.% and 60–71.4 wt.% and relatively low alkali (Na₂O + K₂O) contents between 3.6–10.6 wt.% and 5.1–7.4 wt.% in the Kohistan batholith and Khunjerab pluton respectively, showing clear signs of acidity. The whole rock as well as the mineral geochemical analysis and the elevated water contents (8–10 wt.% and 3.1–3.5 wt.%) inferred from amphibole and biotite chemistry respectively, indicates that the Kohistan batholith was most likely formed through partial melting of a (hydrous) magma originating from a more or less altered metasomatized mantle wedge. Likewise, the Khunjerab pluton whole rock geochemistry also indicates its origin through partial melting of magma originating from an altered metasomatized mantle wedge. This study also shows that both units are not only different in terms of the nature of magmatism but also in terms of their ages i.e., continental arc magmatism occurred in the Khunjerab (Karakoram) block in the middle Cretaceous (106 Ma) while island arc magmatism occurred on the Kohistan side in the late Cretaceous (91 Ma). Further, this study also investigate why multi-grain U-Pb zircon dating is necessary for studying magmatic rocks by using transmission electron microscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 102003"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detrital zircons from Cambrian rocks of western Laurentia define two episodes of Rodinian rift-related magmatism","authors":"Lauren I. Madronich ,&nbsp;William A. Matthews ,&nbsp;Thomas Hadlari ,&nbsp;Chad Morgan ,&nbsp;Charles M. Henderson","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many aspects of the disassembly of Neoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia remain poorly constrained. Current models for the breakup along western Laurentia (present coordinates) do not fully reconcile stratigraphic observations regarding the timing and mechanisms of continental rifting. Latest Neoproterozoic to Cambrian stratigraphic units exposed along the North American Cordillera from southwestern Canada to the southwestern United States contain Neoproterozoic and Cambrian zircons interpreted to be sourced from rift-related igneous rocks generated during the fragmentation of Rodinia. Two discrete magmatic episodes distinguished by a ca. 50 Myr period of apparent magmatic quiescence are identified using the detrital record: (1) Tonian and Cryogenian to earliest Ediacaran magmatism (mantle plume events followed by rifting); and (2) latest Ediacaran to late Cambrian magmatism. The detrital zircon record of the first episode supports a 660–650 Ma rift-to-drift transition followed by passive margin sedimentation of the upper Windermere Supergroup. After a period of apparent magmatic quiescence from 630–580 Ma, detrital zircon dates of 580–520 Ma from central-western Laurentia provide evidence for renewed rift magmatism preceding the initiation of the lower Paleozoic passive margin. These new U-Pb dates are used to present a refined model of Rodinia disassembly with improved timing constraints suggesting that its final breakup and the Sauk I transgression occurred ca. 520 Ma, in accordance with recent revisions to the timing of the Sauk transgressions in southwestern Laurentia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 102007"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying production rates of tropical granitic regolith in Hainan Island, south China: A multi-stage U-series disequilibrium study","authors":"Guodong Jia ,&nbsp;Xu Yvon Zhang ,&nbsp;François Chabaux ,&nbsp;Eric Pelt ,&nbsp;Zhiqi Zhao ,&nbsp;Sheng Xu ,&nbsp;Congqiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regolith, widely distributed on the Earth’s surface, constitutes a significant compartment of the Critical Zone, resulting from intricate interactions among the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Regolith formation critically influences nutrient release, soil production, and long-term climate regulation. Regolith development is governed by two primary processes: production and denudation. An urgent need exists to comprehensively understand these processes to refine our understanding of Critical Zone functions. This study investigates an in-situ regolith profile developed on granitic bedrock from a tropical region (Sanya, China). We conducted geochemical analyses, encompassing major, trace elements and mineralogical compositions as well as U-series isotopes, and applied the U-series disequilibrium method to investigate the formation history of this profile. Alternatively, dividing the regolith profile into sub-weathering zones provides a better explanation for the geochemical results, and a multi-stage model based on this subdivision effectively interprets the evolution of deep regolith. Utilizing this multi-stage model, regolith production rates is derived from the “gain and loss” model, ranging from 1.27 ± 0.03 to 42.42 ± 24.24 m/Ma. The production rates first increase from surface until a maximum rate is reached at the depth of ∼ 160 cm and then decrease at further deeper horizons along the depth profile, and the variation of production rates follows a so-called “humped function”. This pioneering investigation into regolith production rates in the Chinese tropical region indicates that (1) the studied profile deviates from a steady state compared to the denudation rate derived from cosmogenic nuclides (¹⁰Be_in-situ); (2) subdividing the deep profile based on geochemical data and U-series isotopic activity ratios is imperative for accurately determining regolith production rates; and (3) the combination of U-series disequilibrium and cosmogenic nuclides robustly evaluates the quantitative evolution state of regolith over long time scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 102002"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic setting of the Youjiang giant tin belt, South China: New findings from the Pingna W-Sn deposit","authors":"Changhao Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhengle Chen ,&nbsp;Changshan Wei ,&nbsp;Pingping Yu ,&nbsp;Xiangchong Liu ,&nbsp;Yanwen Tang ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing evidence suggests that extensional/transtensional settings are favorable for the formation of tin deposits, yet the underlying geodynamic mechanism remains equivocal. The Pingna W-Sn deposit, found in the underexplored interior of the giant tin belt within the Youjiang Basin, South China, offers a unique opportunity to explore and better constrain the current geodynamic model for tin mineralization. This deposit, composed of NW- to NWN-striking vein swarms with W-Sn mineralization, is hosted in the Middle Triassic clastic rocks without igneous rocks near its mineralization. Structural analysis indicates that the Youjiang fold-and-fault belt and the ore-related structures in the Pingna deposit experienced five deformation phases (D₁–D₅). The pre-ore NE-striking compression (D₁; σ_v = σ₃) initiated fault-fracture meshes, followed by NE-striking extension (D₂), while NW-striking compression (D₃; σ_v = σ₂) enhanced the vertical connectivity of the meshes. Syn-mineralization E-W extension (D₄; σ_v = σ₁) facilitated upward through-going flow and hydrothermal fluids infilled the meshes, forming a fault-vein system. The mineralized veins were cut across by post-ore WNW-striking oblique fault with sinistral and normal components (D₅). The meshes dictated Sn-W orebodies localization. Hydrothermal veins formed in three stages: (I) muscovitization-bordered tin-dominated quartz vein swarms along the Pingna fault; (II) W-dominated lit-par-lit vein system; and (III) barren calcite veins crosscutting the former veins. The Pingna W-Sn mineralization formed during the Late Cretaceous as constrained by the cassiterite (<em>Cst1</em>) U-Pb age of 95.6 ± 2.4 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 1.2), muscovite (<em>Ms1</em>) ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar plateau age of 93.9 ± 0.1 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 1.7), and molybdenite Re-Os age of 92.9 ± 1.2 Ma (2σ, MSWD = 0.3). Outward lateral zoning of the Sn-W mineralization, as well as associated muscovitization and silicification implies the epicenter of hydrothermal fluid is near the No. II vein swarm. Contemporaneous felsic dykes coupling with the inferred intrusions demonstrate that the Pingna deposit is a distal hydrothermal W-Sn deposit. The releasing bend of the NW-striking Pingna fault controlled the distribution of tin-dominated mineralization, while the anticlines controlled the tungsten-dominated mineralization. Our findings suggest that the localization and formation of the Pingna W-Sn veins were controlled by Late-Cretaceous regional transtensional stress field and polyphase deformation, rather than previously proposed local extension of the Youjiang Basin. The discovery of the Pingna W-Sn deposit highlights the interior of the Youjiang Basin as a promising area for tungsten-tin exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 102006"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143357059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic impacts of polystyrene nanoplastics and PCB77 in blunt snout bream: Evidence from tissue morphology, oxidative stress and intestinal microbiome","authors":"Fang Chen ,&nbsp;Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Zeliang Su ,&nbsp;Hongping Liao ,&nbsp;Dandan Gao ,&nbsp;Linyong Zhi ,&nbsp;Chunmiao Kong ,&nbsp;Qingzhi Zheng ,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and 3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB77) are common pollutants in freshwater aquatic environments. To investigate the separate and combined toxicity of these two pollutants on the freshwater blunt snout bream (<em>Megalobrama amblycephala</em>), 270 juveniles were randomly assigned to six exposure treatments: the control group, CT (free of PS-NPs and PCB77)<em>,</em> three single exposure groups, PS-L (0.2 mg/L PS-NPs), PS-H (2 mg/L PS-NPs), PCB (0.01 mg/L PCB77), and two combined exposure groups, PP-L (0.2 mg/L PS-NPs + 0.01 mg/L PCB77) and PP-H (2 mg/L PS-NPs + 0.01 mg/L PCB77). After a seven-day exposure, the tissue histopathology, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory response, and gut microbiome composition of fish were analyzed. The results showed that tissue fluorescence intensity of PS-NPs increases as the exposure levels of PS-NPs increase, and the combined exposure groups exhibited higher fluorescence intensity compared to their single PS-NPs exposure groups. Histopathological analysis showed that the exposure groups exhibited varying degrees of damage to the intestinal tissue compared to the control group, with more severe damage observed in the combined exposure groups. Additionally, liver damage was evident in the PS-H, PP-L and PP-H groups. Furthermore, the highest catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were found in the intestine and liver of fish in the PP-L and PP-H groups. The mRNA levels of inflammatory factors (<em>il</em>, <em>il-1β</em>, <em>il-8</em>, <em>il-6</em>, <em>il-10</em>, and <em>tnf-α</em>) were up-regulated in the PS-H, PP-L and PP-H groups compared to those of the CT group. In addition, remarkable alternations in the intestinal microbiome compositions were observed among the groups: the abundance of Verrucomicrobiome and Planctomycetota increased in all exposed groups compared to that of the control group, while the abundance of Actinobacteriota was significantly reduced in the exposure groups. Functional prediction of microbiota indicated that the amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as intestinal structure, were impaired in the PS-NPs and PCB77 exposure groups. The results suggested that the toxicity of PS-NPs on <em>M. amblycephala</em> including tissue injury, oxidative stress, and disturbance of intestinal microbiota, depends not only on concentration but also increases when co-exposed to PCB77. This finding raises concerns about the ecological safety in freshwater aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 102005"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life cycle analysis of green technologies: Assessing the impact of environmental policies on carbon emissions and energy efficiency","authors":"Khan Baz ,&nbsp;Zhen Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A growing trend in environmental contamination has highlighted the need for greater access to green technologies and clean energy to alleviate environmental stress. This study seeks to quantify the impact of climate mitigation technologies, particularly those related to environmental technology, on environmental quality and economic development. The relationship between environment-related technologies, disaggregated energy use, carbon dioxide emissions, and the stringency of environmental policies was analyzed using Westerlund co-integration, FGLS, and Granger causality techniques across 19 member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The findings show that an increase in fossil fuel use leads to a rise in carbon emissions. Similarly, the use of renewable energy also contributes to higher carbon emissions, while environment-related technologies have a positive impact on environmental quality. In contrast, stricter environmental policies have a negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions. A one-way causality was identified, with environment-related technologies, renewable energy adoption, and environmental policy stringency influencing carbon dioxide emissions, rather than being influenced by them. These findings underscore the significance of environment-related technology in enhancing both environmental quality and economic productivity. Policymakers are encouraged to focus on allocating resources for research, establishing robust regulatory frameworks, fostering collaboration, promoting education and awareness, and providing support for sectors transitioning toward climate change mitigation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 102004"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decarbonization of siderite in the water-rich upper mantle","authors":"Mengqi Guo,&nbsp;Fangfei Li,&nbsp;Xinyang Li,&nbsp;Zhaodong Liu,&nbsp;Liang Li,&nbsp;Daoyuan Wu,&nbsp;Qiang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aqueous fluids within subducted slabs have the potential to influence the form of carbonate presence and the carbon cycling process. Experiments were performed on resistive heating diamond anvil cell using siderite crystals and grains with water under conditions of pressure as high as 11.4 GPa and temperatures reaching up to 530 °C. These experiments aimed to simulate geological reactions that may occur within a depth range of 340 km in subducted slabs. Raman spectroscopy was employed to monitor the reactions and microscale phenomena within the sample chamber as pressure and temperature increase. The recovered products were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that at 0.8 GPa and 108 °C, a Fischer-Tropsch Type (FTT) reaction occurred on the sample surface, resulting in the formation of organic compound formaldehyde, followed by the observation of formic acid. At higher pressure and temperature (3.5 GPa, 420 °C), the formation of γ-Fe₂O₃ and γ-FeOOH was observed on the sample surface, accompanied by the release of CO₂ and H₂. Transmission electron microscope analysis of the quenched product powders indicated that the generated iron oxides were consistent with the phases observed at high pressure and temperature conditions. High pressure and temperature dissolution experiments of siderite in water reveal that carbon may be released into the mantle wedge entirely in the form of CO₂ in warm subducted slabs and cold subducted slabs that subduct to depths of 75 km. The released CO₂ participates in the carbon cycle of the island arc volcanic systems in the upper mantle at depths of 70–120 km and accelerates the transfer of subducted carbon to the Earth’s surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 101930"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143172715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}