{"title":"A Hybrid Voltage Regulation Transformer Based on Interline Power Converters","authors":"Yafeng Wang, Tiefu Zhao","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773686","url":null,"abstract":"The hybrid transformer is mostly used for voltage regulation and var control with a fractionally rated power converter, which reduces the device cost and increases the overall efficiency compared with the Solid-State Transformer (SST). Conventionally, the voltage is compensated by injecting voltage in series with the load. This paper proposed a hybrid transformer based on interline power converters for voltage regulation. The maximum power delivered by converters is reduced by half compared with the conventional series compensation configuration for the same voltage regulation range. Therefore, the proposed hybrid transformer exhibits a higher overall efficiency covering a wide range of voltage regulation. Comparison between the conventional series voltage compensation method and the proposed interline power converter-based method is presented based on the operation principle, the converter power, and the overall system efficiency. Hardware test results are presented for further validation of the proposed hybrid transformer.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127801697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aurora de Juan, D. Serrano, P. Alou, Jean-Noël Mamousse, Romain Denéieport, M. Vasić
{"title":"Analytical Modelling of Single-Phase and Three-Phase DC/DC LLC Converters","authors":"Aurora de Juan, D. Serrano, P. Alou, Jean-Noël Mamousse, Romain Denéieport, M. Vasić","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773467","url":null,"abstract":"This paper exposes the analysis, modeling and comparison of two different LLC converter configurations: the conventional LLC converter and the Three-Phase $mathrm{Y}-Delta$ LLC converter, which is firstly analyzed in this paper. Piecewise-defined analytical equations that accurately model the behavior of these converters have been developed and validated through simulation. Additionally, a comparison between these two power converters has been carried out, so the advantages and disadvantages of each of them are exposed. To validate the derived conclusions, a fully optimized Three-Phase $mathrm{Y}-Delta$ LLC converter is designed (including the design of the resonant tank, the three-phase transformer, the resonant inductor, and the selection of semiconductor devices) and compared to a 96% efficiency single-phase LLC converter.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128108673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hui Chen, Jinjun Liu, Shaodi Ouyang, Sixing Du, Xianzao Li
{"title":"A Novel Three Phase LCL Dual Active Bridge Converter to Reduce RMS Phase Current","authors":"Hui Chen, Jinjun Liu, Shaodi Ouyang, Sixing Du, Xianzao Li","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773630","url":null,"abstract":"Three phase dual active bridge (3ph-DAB) is one of the promising isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter (IBDC) for high power industry application attracting more and more attention. However, the conventional single-phase shift (SPS) modulation brings obvious shortcomings such as high root-mean-square (RMS) current, massive circulating energy and soft-switching failure. Although many modulation schemes are proposed to solve these issues, most of them are very complex to be used. This paper proposes a novel three phase LCL dual active bridge (3ph-LCL-DAB) topology to reduce the high RMS phase current especially at heavy load situation with large voltage ratio. Adjusting values of phase inductor and capacitor, the RMS phase current is reduced significantly in the proposed 3ph-LCL-DAB converter with SPS control. Simulation and experiment results verify its effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133199000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunil Kumar Dube, Ramu Nair, Kalyan Yenduri, P. Das
{"title":"A Novel Integrated Bidirectional AC to DC Resonant Converter","authors":"Sunil Kumar Dube, Ramu Nair, Kalyan Yenduri, P. Das","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773732","url":null,"abstract":"Conventionally, an AC to DC isolated converter follows a two-stage design approach, wherein the first stage is an AC to DC power factor correction (PFC) stage followed by a resonant converter stage for DC voltage regulation. In existing topologies, the PFC stage and the primary side resonant switch network are merged into a single switch network giving rise to 25% fewer devices. Moreover, the switches in these topologies are soft switched that facilitates high switching frequency. Hence, low volume magnetic components and capacitors can be used to achieve higher power density. However, it is an unipolar voltage-fed resonant topology and also, the power transfer is unidirectional, restricting the power flow only from AC to DC side. This paper proposes a novel isolated bidirectional bipolar voltage-fed AC to DC converter which has all the aforementioned advantages. In addition, it addresses their shortcomings by generating a bipolar voltage across the resonant tanks and realizing bidirectional power flow. A modulation and control technique is proposed for generating switching pulses for DC link voltage control and bidirectional power transfer. These are demonstrated through simulations and experiments, where 1.35 kW power is transferred at 130 kHz switching frequency, 150V (L-L) AC input voltage and 200V output DC voltage.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133346702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Park, Fujimoto Mitsunao, H. Takahashi, Zhi Li, Bingjie Wu
{"title":"On-On and On-Off mode Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge TriMagiC Converter™ with Liqualloy™ Planar Transformers","authors":"C. Park, Fujimoto Mitsunao, H. Takahashi, Zhi Li, Bingjie Wu","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773405","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents on-on and on-off mode high efficiency phase-shifted full-bridge TriMagiC Converter™ Isolated using Liqualloy™ planar transformer based on a low permeability, high saturation flux density and low loss material. The proposed converter is based on the phase-shifted full-bridge topology with series connected two transformers. In this topology, the transformer is not operated only as a transformer but also operated as an inductor. Therefore, output inductor is not necessary, which contributes to achieve better conversion efficiency and power density. To handle a high output current with low output voltage such as 3.3kW and realize down-sizing and high conversion efficiency, a planar type transformer using Liqualloy™ core is adapted. Since it has a high saturation flux density which is about two times larger than a typical Mn-Zn ferrite core, it does not need to open a gap in core to increase a saturation flux density which could be more suitable especially in this topology taking a high flux density due to its inductor operation. The proposed converter has the maximum output current of 244A, output voltage of 13.5V, maximum output power is 3.3kW with the switching frequency of 125kHz. In the experimental results, the peak efficiency is 96.8%, and the full load efficiency is reached at 93.7% respectively.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133688596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DC SST MF Transformer Partial Discharge Characteristics Study with High dV/dT PWM Switching Transients of SiC Devices","authors":"R. Agarwal, Hui Li, Zhehui Guo, P. Cheetham","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773742","url":null,"abstract":"Tightly packed medium frequency (MF) transformer windings carrying PWM voltages are prone to partial discharges due to its proximity to adjacent conductor and continuously alternating electric fields between the conductors. In addition, for SiC based DC SST applying phase-shift modulation, a peak-potential state is generated between the adjacent primary and secondary winding conductors for the duration of phase shift. This magnified stress on insulation system gives rise to premature inception of partial discharges leading to sooner than predicted MF transformer failure. This paper presents a non-intrusive PD detection strategy for a PWM voltages using high speed optical sensors for foil-type transformers to detect partial discharges in MF transformer's inter-winding insulation at PWM voltages containing high dv/dt switching transients due to SiC devices. PD inception and extinction characteristics are experimentally obtained in the lab using a hardware consisting of 3.3 kV SiC MOSFETs that generates PWM voltages with dv/dt up to 60 V/ns and switching frequency up to 50 kHz on foil winding specimens.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132276728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Step-up DC-DC Converter with Active Switched Inductor and Voltage Double Based on Three-winding Coupled Inductor","authors":"P. Luo, T. Liang, Kai-Hui Chen, Shih-Ming Chen","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773542","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a high step-up dc-dc converter with three-winding coupled inductor, integrating an active switched inductor and voltage double to achieve voltage gain. The main merits of the proposed converter are high voltage gain, reduced voltage stress and current stress on the power switch. In addition, the source energy is transferred through the coupled inductor to the output during the entire switching time and the energy stored in the leakage inductor is recycled directly to the load without intermediate components. The proposed converter can be further derived to two varied converters for higher voltage gain. Finally, a fabricated 270 W with 30 V input voltage, 300 V output voltage is carried out to support the validity of the proposed converter.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134150061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Isolated Step-Down Multi-Port DC-DC Power Converter for Electric Refrigerated Vehicles Auxiliary Power Unit System","authors":"Sinaee Vahid, Pouya Zolfi, J. Land, A. El-Refaie","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773710","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an isolated step-down DC-DC multi-port converter (MPC) for the auxiliary power unit of refrigerated vehicles. Mercedes-Benz eSprinter is used as the baseline for this design with 400V battery pack and 2kW of auxiliary loads. TR-300T refrigeration unit from GUCHEN THERMO is chosen to provide temperatures as low as −18 degrees Celsius for the van's 12 cubic meter cargo space. Similar to Mercedes-Benz Sprinter model, two auxiliary battery units are used to design this MPC. The proposed MPC can provide up to 5kW, while benefiting from two additional paths to the freezer unit during idling and/or fault modes. The proposed MPC has 35% fewer active components compared to the state of the art, while offering higher reliability for the overall system. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed MPC, and the control system designed for this application and efficiencies up to 95% were recorded.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115811556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingxiao Xue, V. Galigekere, G. Su, R. Zeng, Mostak Mohammad, E. Gurpinar, Shajjad Chowdhury, O. Onar
{"title":"Design and Analysis of a 200 kW Dynamic Wireless Charging System for Electric Vehicles","authors":"Lingxiao Xue, V. Galigekere, G. Su, R. Zeng, Mostak Mohammad, E. Gurpinar, Shajjad Chowdhury, O. Onar","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773670","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic wireless charging of electric vehicles can significantly alleviate or eliminate range anxiety while reducing the required on-board battery capacity. To achieve an electric vehicle charging balance with minimal infrastructure costs, power transfer levels around 200 kW are required. In this paper, a system architecture with a modularized power electronics and optimized power transfer couplers was adopted to enable efficient power transfer. A DC/DC converter was used for secondary-side charging control of the battery. The system performance was validated in an experimental setup at 120 kW with 91.31% efficiency from the DC input on the primary side to the vehicle battery.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131641529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youssef Elasser, J. Baek, K. Radhakrishnan, H. Gan, J. Douglas, H. Krishnamurthy, Xin Li, Shuai Jiang, C. Sullivan, Minjie Chen
{"title":"Vertical Stacked 48V-1V LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator with 1A/mm2 Current Density","authors":"Youssef Elasser, J. Baek, K. Radhakrishnan, H. Gan, J. Douglas, H. Krishnamurthy, Xin Li, Shuai Jiang, C. Sullivan, Minjie Chen","doi":"10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC43599.2022.9773677","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a 48 V–1 V merged-two-stage hybrid-switched-capacitor voltage regulator with a Linear Extendable Group Operated Point-of-Load (LEGO-PoL) architecture for high-current microprocessors, featuring vertical stacked packaging and coupled inductors. The architecture is highly modular and scalable. The switched-capacitor circuits are connected in series on the input side to split the high input voltage into multiple stacked voltage domains. The multiphase buck circuits are connected in parallel to distribute the high output current into multiple parallel current paths. A 780 A vertical stacked CPU voltage regulator with a peak efficiency of 91.1% and a full load efficiency of 79.2% at 1 V output voltage with liquid cooling is built and tested. This is the first demonstration of a 48 V–1 V CPU voltage regulator achieving over 1 A/mm2 current density and 1,000 W/in3 power density. The output voltage is regulated between 0.8 V and 1.5 V through the entire 780 A range.","PeriodicalId":127006,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132528892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}