AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services最新文献

{"title":"Cancer genetic counseling in China and Denmark; a comparative anthropological perspective","authors":"M. Terkildsen","doi":"10.7146/aul.274.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.274.196","url":null,"abstract":"This dissertation compares cancer genetic counseling in China and Denmark using an anthropological perspective. It uses anthropological theory to argue how ideas of genetic responsibility and demands for responsibility investments may be understood as the products of everyday practices unfolding within local worlds. Finding very different forms of cancer genetic counseling in China and Denmark, it analytically argues that the local organization of health care provides a salient example of a local world. It uses an STS framework to analyze how differences in the organization of health care in China and Denmark, may be seen as promoting very different webs of everyday human and non-human actors, resulting in very different cancer genetic counseling practices, respectively. For professionels, patients and their families in China and Denmark, these differences lead to very different demands for patient- family collaboration and interdependence, and ultimately to very different local forms of genetic responsibility.","PeriodicalId":126978,"journal":{"name":"AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114465726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Den pædagogiske diskurs i læreruddannelsen - formål, indhold og undervisningsmetoder","authors":"Hans Harryson","doi":"10.7146/aul.282.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.282.197","url":null,"abstract":"”The pedagogical discourse in teacher education – purpose, content and teaching methods.          A comparative study of the teacher education in HSN, Drammen, VIA, Aarhus and HI, Reykjavik”This thesis explores the purpose of pedagogical courses (i.e. pedagogy and related fields) in teacher education degrees in the 2010s and how these courses contribute to develop both teacher competences and teaching competences.The thesis is a comparative analysis of three Nordic teacher education degrees, namelyThe teacher education degree at HSN, Drammen (NO)The teacher education degree at VIA, Aarhus (DK)The teacher education degree at HI, Reykjavik (IS)To gain an understanding of the role of the pedagogical courses at the three teacher education degrees, I have employedDocument analysisSemi-structured interviewsThe document analysis has covered both governmental documents (e.g. laws and executive orders) and institutional documents (e.g. curricula).The persons interviewed represent Educators of courses in pedagogyFinal year studentsGraduatesThough using two different research methods, I have employed cross-sectional data indexing. This means I have used the same set of indexing categories for both the document analysis and the interview analysis.In processing the data, I have used etic coding (or predetermined coding). The categories I have operated with in organising the data areTitles and size (in ECTS) of pedagogical coursesLearning outcomesThematic and theoretical contentTeaching methodsMethods of examinationPractical applicationPositioning – differences between pedagogical courses on one side and teaching subjects on the otherIn the thesis, pedagogical courses are seen as a unique discourse in teacher education degrees, in which the teaching profession is expressed in certain ways, and where attempts are made to prepare students in teacher education for their profession in different ways than in teaching subject courses and in practicums.In analysing the data, I use discourse analytic (DA) reading strategies. The reason for using DA is my interest in how policy makers on different levels, educators, students and graduates understand and articulate the pedagogical discipline’s role and unique challenges in teacher education degrees today.Among the central findings of my research are: (1)   The pedagogical discourse is a relatively isolated discourse in teacher education. (2)   The pedagogical discourse has expanded over the past decades and covers today areas that previously belonged to the teaching subjects, the academic field, information technology etc. (3)   Although the pedagogical discourse has expanded and has expanded in different directions in the various countries, a marked ‘typicality’ can be traced across national borders. The pedagogical discourse typically discusses cross-disciplinary themes, includingthe purpose and curricula of public schoolsdemocracylearning and teaching theoriesteaching methods and differentiationevaluationclassroom ma","PeriodicalId":126978,"journal":{"name":"AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133144052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TractorEYE: Vision-based Real-time Detection for Autonomous Vehicles in Agriculture","authors":"P. Christiansen","doi":"10.7146/AUL.277.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/AUL.277.192","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural vehicles such as tractors and harvesters have for decades been able to navigate automatically and more efficiently using commercially available products such as auto-steering and tractor-guidance systems. However, a human operator is still required inside the vehicle to ensure the safety of vehicle and especially surroundings such as humans and animals. To get fully autonomous vehicles certified for farming, computer vision algorithms and sensor technologies must detect obstacles with equivalent or better than human-level performance. Furthermore, detections must run in real-time to allow vehicles to actuate and avoid collision. This thesis proposes a detection system (TractorEYE), a dataset (FieldSAFE), and procedures to fuse information from multiple sensor technologies to improve detection of obstacles and to generate a map.  TractorEYE is a multi-sensor detection system for autonomous vehicles in agriculture. The multi-sensor system consists of three hardware synchronized and registered sensors (stereo camera, thermal camera and multi-beam lidar) mounted on/in a ruggedized and water-resistant casing. Algorithms have been developed to run a total of six detection algorithms (four for rgb camera, one for thermal camera and one for a Multi-beam lidar) and fuse detection information in a common format using either 3D positions or Inverse Sensor Models. A GPU powered computational platform is able to run detection algorithms online. For the rgb camera, a deep learning algorithm is proposed DeepAnomaly to perform real-time anomaly detection of distant, heavy occluded and unknown obstacles in agriculture. DeepAnomaly is -- compared to a state-of-the-art object detector Faster R-CNN -- for an agricultural use-case able to detect humans better and at longer ranges (45-90m) using a smaller memory footprint and 7.3-times faster processing. Low memory footprint and fast processing makes DeepAnomaly suitable for real-time applications running on an embedded GPU.  FieldSAFE is a multi-modal dataset for detection of static and moving obstacles in agriculture. The dataset includes synchronized recordings from a rgb camera, stereo camera, thermal camera, 360-degree camera, lidar and radar. Precise localization and pose is provided using IMU and GPS. Ground truth of static and moving obstacles (humans, mannequin dolls, barrels, buildings, vehicles, and vegetation) are available as an annotated orthophoto and GPS coordinates for moving obstacles.  Detection information from multiple detection algorithms and sensors are fused into a map using Inverse Sensor Models and occupancy grid maps.  This thesis presented many scientific contribution and state-of-the-art within perception for autonomous tractors; this includes a dataset, sensor platform, detection algorithms and procedures to perform multi-sensor fusion. Furthermore, important engineering contributions to autonomous farming vehicles are presented such as easily applicable, open-source software","PeriodicalId":126978,"journal":{"name":"AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121835936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeological Fieldwork at Unguja Ukuu, Zanzibar, July 2017","authors":"F. Sulas, S. Wynne-Jones","doi":"10.7146/aul.276.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.276.191","url":null,"abstract":"This report details activities carried out during a season of archaeological fieldwork at Unguja Ukuu, Zanzibar (July 2017) as part of the Urban transitions in the Zanzibar archipelago project sponsored by the Centre for Urban Network Evolutions, Aarhus University. Field research focussed on 3 main objectives: prospecting for house deposits and excavations of occupation deposits, geoarchaeological survey, and multi-scalar sampling of environmental and archaeological contexts. The report illustrates the field research strategies and interim results.","PeriodicalId":126978,"journal":{"name":"AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115108871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Leadership Teams and Cultural Diversity: Exploring how perceptions of culture influence the dynamics of global teams","authors":"M. Thunø, Jan Ifversen","doi":"10.7146/AUL.273.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/AUL.273.190","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century, business engagements are becoming increasingly global, and global teams are now an established form of organising work in multinational organisations. As a result, managing cultural diver-sity within a global team has become an essential part of ensuring motivation, creativity, innovation and efficiency in today’s business world.Global teams are typically composed of a diversity of experiences, frames of references, competencies, information and, not least, cultural backgrounds. As such, they hold a unique potential for delivering high performance in terms of innovative and creative approaches to global management tasks; however, in-stead of focusing on the potentials of cultural diversity, practitioners and studies of global teams tend to approach cultural diversity as a barrier to team success. This study explores some of the barriers that cultural diversity poses but also discusses its potential to leverage high performance in a global context.Our study highlights the importance of how team leaders and team members perceive ‘culture’ as both a concept and a social practice. We take issue with a notion of culture as a relatively fixed and homogeneous set of values, norms and attitudes shared by people of national communities; it is such a notion of culture that tends to underlie understandings that highlight the irreconcilability of cultural differences.Applying a more dynamic and context-dependent approach to culture as a meaning system that people negotiate and use to interpret the world, this study explores how global leadership teams can best reap the benefits of cultural diversity in relation to specific challenging areas of intercultural team work, such as leadership style, decision making, relationship building, strategy process, and communication styles. Based on a close textual interpretation of 31 semi-structured interviews with members of global leader-ship teams in eight Danish-owned global companies, our study identified different discourses and per-ceptions of culture and cultural diversity. For leaders of the global leadership teams (Danish/European) and other European team members, three understandings of cultural diversity in their global teams were prominent:1)Cultural diversity was not an issue2)Cultural diversity was acknowledged as mainly a liability. Diversities were expressed through adifference in national cultures and could typically be subsumed under a relatively fixed numberof invariable and distinct characteristics.3)Cultural diversity was an asset and expressions of culture had to be observed in the situationand could not simply be derived from prior understandings of cultural differences.A clear result of our study was that those leaders of global teams who drew on discourses of the Asian ‘Other’ adherred to the first two understandings of cultural diversity and preferred leadership styles that were either patriarchal or self-defined as ‘Scandinavian’. Whereas those leaders who drew on discours","PeriodicalId":126978,"journal":{"name":"AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117231604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodine in Danish Groundwater and Drinking Water","authors":"D. Voutchkova","doi":"10.7146/AUL.272.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/AUL.272.189","url":null,"abstract":"This dissertation is a result of a three-year PhD project which was part of the GEOCENTER research project “Iodine in the hydrological cycle of Denmark: implications for human health” , jointly financed by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and Aarhus University (AU). The study was conducted between August 2011 and July 2014 under the main supervision of Soren M. Kristiansen (AU) and Birgitte G. Hansen (GEUS).  In my PhD dissertation, I address the following research objectives: 1) to map iodine concentration and speciation in drinking water and  groundwater in Denmark, 2) to study the spatial patterns and to elucidate the factors governing them, and 3) to evaluate the importance of the spatial variation of drinking water iodine to the populations’ nutrition (health). To do this, I used two types of data: 1) from two sampling campaigns designed as part of this project (drinking water: 2013, groudnwater and drinking water: 2012), and 2) historical data extracted from the public nationwide geological and hydrological database, Jupiter. (two groudnwater datasets: 1933-2011 and 2011-2014). See the extended Abstract (PhD Dissertation) for further details on results, implications, and potential for further research.  This PhD dissertation is paper-based type (not a monography) and it includes a Summary Chapter, followed by five manuscripts. Four of the manuscripts are now published in peer-reviewed journals, so those have been removed from the file. No other changes to the content of the PhD dissertation have been made post-submission to AU.","PeriodicalId":126978,"journal":{"name":"AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125098965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production planning of energy systems","authors":"M. Dahl","doi":"10.7146/aul.270.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.270.188","url":null,"abstract":"This dissertation is a collection of research articles that assess economic and operational risk in production planning of district heating. District heating systems are typically coupled to the electricity system through cogeneration and power-to-heat technologies, and production planners must account for uncertainty stemming from changing weather, demands and prices. Years of high-resolution data from the district heating system in Aarhus, Denmark have been used throughout the project to model the system and estimate uncertainties. Risk management tools have been developed to aid district heating operators and investment decision makers in short-, medium- and long-term production planning. Short-term production planning involves commitment of production units and trading on the electricity markets and relies on forecasts of the heat load. Weather predictions are a significant source of uncertainty for heat load forecasts, because the heat load is highly weather-dependent. I introduce the method of ensemble weather predictions from meteorology to heat load forecasting and create a probabilistic load forecast to estimate the weather-based uncertainty. Better estimates of the weather-based uncertainty can be applied to optimize supply temperature control and reduce heat losses without compromising security of supply in heat distribution systems. Consumer behavior is another substantial, but difficult to capture, source of uncertainty in short-term heat load forecasts. I include local holiday data in state-of-the-art load forecasts to improve accuracy and capture how load patterns change depending on the behavior of the consumers. A small overall improvement in forecast accuracy is observed. The improvement is more significant on holidays and special occasions that are difficult to forecast accurately. In medium-term production planning, there can be substantial economic potential in performing summer shutdown of certain production units. The shutdown decision carries significant risk, due to changing seasonal weather patterns. Based on 38 years of weather data, the uncertainty on the timing of the optimal decision is estimated. This information is used to develop practical decision rules that are robust to rare weather events and capable of realizing more than 90% of the potential savings from summer shutdown. Long-term production planning decisions regarding investments in future district heating production systems are affected by uncertainty from changing electricity prices, fuel prices and investment cost for technology. The effects of these uncertainties on a cost-optimal heat production system are explored, using well-established production and storage technologies and extensive multivariate sensitivity analysis. The optimal technology choices are highly stable and, taxes aside, large heat pumps and heat storages dominate the cost-optimal heat production systems. However, the uncertainty on the exact capacity allocation is substantial. Exclud","PeriodicalId":126978,"journal":{"name":"AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131760133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-syntese af kvalitative studier","authors":"O. Kristensen","doi":"10.7146/AUL.269.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/AUL.269.187","url":null,"abstract":"This article is written for students and PhD students in psychology. The article is in Danish. The purpose of this article is to introduce a special kind of review of existing literature known as meta-synthesis. In a meta-synthesis, qualitative studies are integrated or compared and, as a result, the essence of meta-synthesis is as a result an analytic generalization of findings in qualitative studies. Stages in meta-synthesis are outlined, especially emphasizing the interchange between research topic and aim, the systematic literature search and analysis of identified studies. An example of a meta-synthesis is used to illustrate the stages. Finally, the article includes a comparison of the knowledge derived from meta-analysis of quantitative studies and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. The conclusion is that meta-synthesis is well suited for generating theory and may improve decision-making about intervention.","PeriodicalId":126978,"journal":{"name":"AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133431157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unge udsatte mødre og deres små børn","authors":"Kirsten Elisa Petersen, Kornelia Kraglund","doi":"10.7146/AUL.264.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/AUL.264.185","url":null,"abstract":"Denne rapport praesenterer teoretiske, metodiske og analytiske resultater af et forskningsprojekt, der har haft fokus pa unge modre under 24 ar og deres sma born. Formalet med forskningsprojektet har bevaeget sig rundt om tre samtidige spor:At udvikle forskningsbaseret viden om udsatte unge modre ud fra deres eget perspektiv og ud fra deres egne erfaringer.At udvikle forskningsbaseret viden om udsatte unge modre og deres borns livsforhold, livsbetingelser og udviklingsmuligheder.Fremadrettet at udvikle viden – sammen med de unge modre – om forebyggende indsatser rettet mod unge modre og deres sma born.","PeriodicalId":126978,"journal":{"name":"AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115625731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skolefaglige kort- og langtidseffekter af intensive læringsforløb: Egmont Fondens signaturprojekt Lær for Livet. Fagligt notat fra den kvantitative del af følgeforskning af Lær for Livet Nr. 1","authors":"C. Kjeldsen, André Torre, Søren Langager","doi":"10.7146/AUL.265.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/AUL.265.184","url":null,"abstract":"Dette er et fagligt notat, der bygger pa data fra folgeforskningen af Egmont Fondens laeringsprogram Laer for Livet. Nationalt og internationalt har kvantitativt dokumenterede skolefaglige langtidseffekter af projekter, der er bygget op omkring intensive laeringsforlob/turbolaering, vaeret efterlyst. I Danmark har sporgsmalet om faglig langtidseffekt generelt optaget savel projektsegmenterne som Undervisningsministeriet, og svaret er fortsat, at der savnes dokumenteret forskningsbaseret viden herom. Der er nu forskningsgrupper og konsulentfirmaer, der er pa vej med skolefaglige effektstudier, blandt andet ifm. med Lokkefondens DrengeAkademiet og Undervisningsministeriets satspuljeprojekt ’Turboforlob for fagligt udsatte elever’, og sammen med andre undersogelser vil der i de kommende ar komme mere forskningsbaseret viden til belysning af skolefaglige langtidseffekter af intensive laeringsforlob og turbolaering. Egmont Fondens Laer for Livet-projekt har fra starten vaeret designet med lobende indhentning af fagligt sammenlignelige test fra camp til camp, og det har gjort det muligt for folgeforskningsprojektet at give kvalificerede bud pa og svar pa sporgsmalet om skolefaglige kort- og langtidseffekter af intensive laeringsforlob som bidrag til faelles viden pa tvaers af de forskellige projekter og initiativer i tilknytning til intensive laeringsforlob og turbolaering.","PeriodicalId":126978,"journal":{"name":"AU Library Scholarly Publishing Services","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116069835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}