Global Health: Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Implementation and Cost Analysis of a Novel Silicosis Case-Finding Program For Mine Workers in Rural Rwanda.","authors":"Robert Tumusime, Michael S Miller, Anne Niyigena, Symaque Dusabeyezu, Pierrot Uwitonze, Emmanuel Harerimana, Grace Umugiraneza, Wellars Dusingizimana, Samuel Hatfield, Stella Savarimuthu, Juliana Lawrence, Pacifique Hagenimana, Jean Marie Vianney Ngenzi, Aristarque Murara, Phoebe Mwiseneza, Paul Sonenthal, Vincent K Cubaka, Fredrick Kateera, Innocent Kamali","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00290","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Little is known about the burden of silicosis in Africa, despite extensive mining and construction operations in the region putting numerous people at risk. The implementation experience and costs of case-finding for occupational lung disease in resource-limited settings are also currently unknown. We describe the first-ever silicosis case-finding project in rural Rwanda using chest X-ray, symptom questionnaires, and spirometry. This was coupled with routine noncommunicable disease case-finding for diabetes and hypertension. We performed an ingredient-based analysis of the costs of all case-finding activities. In 2022, over 25 days, 1,032 mine workers were included in the program, of which 1,014 (98.3%) completed silicosis case-finding activities. The total cost of the program was estimated to be US$38,656, representing a cost of US$37.49 per person. We conclude that conducting large-scale occupational lung disease case-finding is clinically and economically feasible in resource-limited settings and can be effectively integrated with routine noncommunicable disease case-finding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11057793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Policy Influences of Contraceptive Prevalence and Method Mix Strategy: A Longitudinal Analysis of 59 Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2010-2021.","authors":"Michael A Cohen, Suzanne Gold, Arthur Ostrega, Mark Zingbagba","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00352","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the impact of family planning policy and actions is essential for building effective strategies to increase contraceptive use. This study identifies policies that correlate with modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) and private-sector contraceptive method mix strategies (the number of contraceptive methods offered in the private sector) in low-income and middle-income countries. While education, contraceptive choices, and economic growth are known determinants of contraceptive prevalence, many national policies intended to increase contraceptive prevalence in the short term to medium term have ambiguous evidence that they indeed do so. By developing beta and Poisson regression models using 12 years of reported Contraceptive Security Indicators Survey data (2010-2021) from 59 countries, this study investigated the effect of 20 independent variables on mCPR or method mix strategies. Furthermore, to help interpret the potential consequences of economic status, separate models segmented by gross national income (low, low-middle, and upper-middle) were assessed. Of 20 independent variables, 10 are implicated with mCPR and 6 with a method mix strategy. Of these, increasing the share of domestic financing (versus donor funding) for contraceptives had the broadest and strongest contribution. mCPR is also predicted by the existence of national insurance systems that cover contraceptive costs, contraceptive security committees, family planning logistics management information systems, and, inversely, by client fees. A comprehensive private-sector method mix strategy-which itself influences mCPR-is also driven by these, as well as the inclusion of more contraceptives on the national essential medicines list. These findings have implications for countries seeking to expand access to and use of contraceptives through policy initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11057802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140874588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Social Norms Analysis of Religious Drivers of Child Marriage.","authors":"Olivia Wilkinson, Kerida McDonald, Susanna Trotta, Jennifer Philippa Eggert, Florine de Wolf","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00339","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11057796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons Learned From Telephone-Based Data Collection for Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.","authors":"Prima Dhewi Ratrikaningtyas, Lutfan Lazuardi, Agung Nugroho, Amirah Ellyza Wahdi, Rahsunji Intan Nurvitasari, Luthfi Azizatunnisa, Alfianto Hanafiah, Septi Kurnia Lestari, Ratri Kusuma Wardani, Putri Tiara Rosha, Aviria Ermamilia, Fitrina Mahardani Kusumaningrum, Vena Jaladara, Yayuk Hartriyanti, Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00446","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) is a longitudinal survey held routinely since 2014 to collect demographic, social, and health changes in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, we needed to adjust our method of conducting data collection from in-person to telephone interviews. We describe the Sleman HDSS data collection strategy used and the opportunities it presented. First, the Sleman HDSS team completed a feasibility study and adjusted the standard operational procedures to conduct telephone interviews. Then, the Sleman HDSS team collected data via a telephone interview in September-October 2020. Ten interviewers were equipped with an e-HDSS data collection application installed on an Android-based tablet to collect data. The sample targeted was 5,064 households. The telephone-based data collection successfully interviewed 1,674 households (33% response rate) in 17 subdistricts. We changed the data collection strategy so that the Sleman HDSS could still be conducted and we could get the latest data from the population. Compared to in-person interviewing, data collection via telephone was sufficiently practical. The telephone interview was a safe and viable data collection method. To increase the response rate, telephone number activation could be checked, ways of building rapport could be improved, and engagement could be improved by using social capital.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11057803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140012560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutionalizing Innovation: From Pilot to Scale for Co-Packaged Oral Rehydration Salts and Zinc-A Case Study in Zambia.","authors":"Jane Berry, Simon Berry, Elizabeth Chizema, Bonface Fundafunda, Davidson H Hamer, Stephen Tembo, Rohit Ramchandani","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00286","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We document the development and institutionalization in Zambia of a health innovation for diarrhea treatment aimed at children aged younger than 5 years: a unique oral rehydration salts and zinc (ORSZ) co-pack. Seven recommendations from the World Health Organization/ExpandNet are used retrospectively to analyze and describe the successful scale-up of this innovation from its concept stage, including in-country expansion and policy, institutional, and regulatory changes. The 7 recommendations comprise using a participatory process, tailoring to the country context, designing research to test the innovation, testing the innovation, identifying success factors, and scaling up. The scale-up of co-packaged ORSZ in Zambia is shown to be sustainable. Five years after donor funding ended in 2018, an independent, local manufacturer continues to supply the private and public sectors on a commercially viable basis. Furthermore, national coverage of ORSZ increased from less than 1% in 2012 to 34% in 2018. A key success factor was the continuous facilitation over 8 years (spanning planning, trial, evaluation, and scale-up) by a learning and steering group chaired by the Ministry of Health, open to all and focused on learning transfer and ongoing alignment with other initiatives. Other success factors included a long lead-in of inclusive initial consultation, ideation, and planning with all key stakeholders to build on and mobilize existing resources, knowledge, structures, and systems; alignment with government policy; thorough testing and radical review of the product and its value chain before scale-up, including manufacture, distribution, policy, and regulatory matters; and adoption by the government of a co-packaging strategy to ensure cases of childhood diarrhea are treated with ORSZ. With appropriate local adaptations, this approach to scale-up could be replicated in other low- and middle-income countries as a strategy to increase coverage of ORSZ and potentially other health products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10906556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139502347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving TB Case Detection Through Active Case-Finding: Results of Multiple Intervention Strategies in Hard-to-Reach Riverine Areas of Southern Nigeria.","authors":"Joseph N Chukwu, Cosmas Kenan Onah, Edmund Ndudi Ossai, Charles C Nwafor, Chukwuka Alphonsus, Okechukwu E Ezeakile, Ngozi Murphy-Okpala, Chinwe C Eze, Obioma Chijioke-Akaniro, Anthony Meka, Martin I Njoku, Francis S Iyama, Ngozi Ekeke","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00164","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A major challenge to TB control globally is low case detection, largely due to routine health facility-based passive case-finding employed by national TB control programs. Active case-finding is a risk-population-based screening approach that has been established to be effective in TB control. This intervention aimed to increase TB case detection in hard-to-reach areas in southern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, we conducted implementation research in 15 hard-to-reach riverine local government areas with historically recognized low TB case notification rates. Individuals with TB symptoms were screened using multiple strategies. Data were collected quarterly over a 4-year period using reporting tools and checklists. Descriptive analysis was done with Microsoft Excel spreadsheet 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,089,129 individuals were screened: 16,576 in 2017; 108,102 in 2018; 697,165 in 2019; and 267,286 in 2020. Of those screened, 24,802 (2.3%) were identified as presumptive TB, of which 88.8% were tested and 10% were diagnosed with TB (0.23% of those screened). TB notifications more than doubled, increasing by 183.3% and 137.5% in the initial implementation and scale-up, respectively. On average, 441 individuals needed to be screened to diagnose 1 TB case. The cases, predominantly males (56.1%) and aged 15 years and older (77.4%), comprised 71.9% bacteriologically confirmed drug-sensitive TB, 25.8% clinically diagnosed drug-sensitive TB, and 2.3% drug-resistant cases. Detection sources included community outreach (1,786), health facilities (505), people living with HIV (57), and household contacts of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases (123). Remarkably, 98.1% of diagnosed TB cases commenced treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found a significant yield in TB case notifications, more than doubling the baseline figures. Given these successful results, we recommend prioritizing resources to support active case-finding strategies in national programs, especially in hard-to-reach areas with high-risk populations, to address TB more comprehensively.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10906553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139641957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk for Severe Intimate Partner Violence in Nairobi's Informal Settlements: Tailoring the Danger Assessment to Kenya.","authors":"Shannon N Wood, Nancy Perrin, Irene Akumu, Ben Asira, Amber Clough, Nancy Glass, Jacquelyn Campbell, Michele R Decker","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00116","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding the risk for severe intimate partner violence (IPV) can help women and providers assess danger. The validated, widely used Danger Assessment (DA) developed for this purpose has not been tested in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). We tailored the DA to Nairobi, Kenya, and prospectively evaluated baseline danger against severe IPV at 3-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the myPlan Kenya trial conducted in 3 informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, from 2017 to 2018. DA items were refined through formative and pilot phases, yielding minor wording modifications. Quantitative analyses prospectively evaluated baseline DA against severe IPV at 3-month follow-up to understand the predictive effect of the (1) original 20-item DA, (2) 16-item Kenya-DA (highest relative risk ratios [RRR] with severe IPV), and (3) 16-item Kenya-DA weighted (weighting based on strength of RRRs). Diagnostic criteria, including C-statistics, sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic curve, and area under the curve, were examined; logistic regressions quantified the odds of each metric predicting severe IPV at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The original 20-item DA produced the highest specificity (75.41%) and lowest sensitivity (57.14%), resulting in the overall lowest C-statistic. Compared to the 16-item Kenya-DA, the Kenya-DA weighted produced slightly higher sensitivity (66.67% vs. 64.29%) and specificity (77.05% vs. 72.13%), resulting in the highest C-statistic (0.78 vs. 0.75). All versions successfully predicted severe IPV at 3-month follow-up (original DA: odds ratio [OR]=1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.12, 1.41, <i>P</i><.001; Kenya-DA: OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.16, 1.53, <i>P</i><.001; Kenya-DA weighted: OR=1.19, 95% CI=1.10, 1.28, <i>P</i><.001). Several factors identified as homicide risk factors in other settings were not prospectively associated with severe IPV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within a high-danger LMIC context, all 3 DA configurations performed well diagnostically. We recommend the 16-item Kenya-DA given the value for simplicity and field implementation, whereas the Kenya-DA weighted can add accuracy for research purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10906551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139641958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualizing Contraceptive Agency: A Critical Step to Enable Human Rights-Based Family Planning Programs and Measurement.","authors":"Kelsey Holt, Sneha Challa, Phoebe Alitubeera, Lynn Atuyambe, Christine Dehlendorf, Christine Galavotti, Ivan Idiodi, Ayobambo Jegede, Elizabeth Omoluabi, Peter Waiswa, Ushma Upadhyay","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00299","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10906552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bangladesh: 50 Years of Advances in Health and Challenges Ahead.","authors":"Henry B Perry, Ahmed Mushtaque Raza Chowdhury","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00419","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00419","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10906562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139485022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming Supply Logistics for Health Commodity Security in Africa.","authors":"Ebenezer Kwabena Tetteh","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00218","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10906558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}