Global Health: Science and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Surgical System Efficiency and Operative Productivity in Public and Private Health Facilities in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation.","authors":"Manuel Kassaye Sibhatu, Edlawit Mesfin Getachew, Dawit Yifru Bete, Senedu Bekele Gebreegziabher, Tsegaye Hailu Kumsa, Mulatu Birru Shagre, Kassa Haile Merga, Desalegn Bekele Taye, Hassen Mohammed Bashir, Mikiyas Teferri Yicheneku, Wuletaw Chanie Zewude, Akililu Alemu Ashuro, Tigistu Adamu Ashengo, Berhane Redae Meshesha","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00277","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Global and local health organizations track surgical system efficiency to improve surgical system performance using various efficiency metrics, such as operating room (OR) output, surgical incision start time (SIST), turnover time (TOT), cancellation rate among elective surgeries, and in-hospital surgery wait time. We evaluated the surgical system efficiency and factors affecting the efficiency in health facilities across Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design with retrospective record review was used to evaluate the surgical system efficiency in 163 public and private health facilities in Ethiopia from December 2020 to June 2021. Experienced, trained surgical clinicians abstracted efficiency data from service registers and patient charts using a pretested tool. A bivariable and multivariable regression analysis was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study facilities, 84.11% of the operating tables were functional, and 68,596 major surgeries were performed. The aggregate OR output in both public and private health facilities was 2 surgeries per day per OR table. Operating productivity was shown to be affected by first-case SIST (<i>P</i>=.004). However, of the total 881 surgery incision times audited, 19.86% of the first-of-the-day elective surgeries started after 10:01 am. The SIST was strongly associated with an in-hospital wait time for surgery (<i>P</i>=.016). The elective surgery cancellation rate was 5.2%, and aggregate mean TOT was 50.25 minutes. The mean in-hospital surgery wait time was 45.40 hours, longer than the national cutoff for wait time. In a bivariable analysis, the independent variables that demonstrated association operating room productivity were then inputted into a multivariable regression analysis model. However, none of the predictor/independent variables showed significance in the multivariable regression analysis model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The volume of surgery and overall OR productivity in Ethiopia is low. This calls for concerted action to optimize OR efficiency and improve access to timely and safe surgical care in Ethiopia and other LMICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10906560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139711822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons Learned in Improving the Quality of a Free Reproductive Health Hotline in Benin.","authors":"Cyprien Zinsou, Ghyslain Guedegbe, Leonce Dossou, Judith Ognin, Ando Tiana Raobelison, Lola Flomen, Paul Bouanchaud","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00296","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Since 2006, the Ligne Verte project-a toll-free national hotline that provides counseling and provider linkages to family planning, HIV, and sexually transmitted infection services-has been implemented by the Association Béninoise pour le Marketing Social et la Communication pour la Santé (ABMS) in Benin. Annual evaluations have been conducted to monitor client satisfaction, with feedback mechanisms to learn from callers and staff, aiming to continually improve the program. We document lessons learned from these evaluations, outline the adaptation process to improve the quality of the hotline, present results from Ligne Verte caller and counselor studies, and describe how the studies fed client-driven changes to the project.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Annual rounds of semistructured phone interviews with Ligne Verte callers and call center advisors were conducted. The sample of clients interviewed included consenting men and women aged 18 years and older who had used Ligne Verte services in the 3 months preceding the evaluation. All advisors working on the helpline were also eligible for inclusion in qualitative interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2013 to 2020, most callers were satisfied with the Ligne Verte project. Users reported appreciating the accurate, timely, and confidential support they received from the helpline but noted the need to expand the service to other local languages and improve call quality. Call center advisors requested mental health support. In employing a systematic approach to program improvement, ABMS was able to add extended language services, upgrade their telecommunication hardware, and provide a psychologist for call center advisors. These program adaptations have increased caller satisfaction by 20 percentage points, and in 2020, 95% of callers reported being satisfied with their Ligne Verte experience.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taking a consumer-centered approach, listening to user feedback, and making evidence-based recommendations to improve the Ligne Verte project has led to an overall increase in caller satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138829279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Service Delivery Considerations for Introducing New Injectable Contraceptives Lasting 4 and 6 Months in Nigeria and Uganda: A Qualitative Study.","authors":"Rebecca L Callahan, Holly M Burke, Anna Lawton, Funmilola M OlaOlorun, Fredrick Mubiru, Helen Anyasi, Christina M Wong, Dieudonné Bidashimwa, Marissa Velarde, Lucy W Ruderman","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00214","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>New family planning (FP) product introduction requires understanding the target market and support from stakeholders from across the health sector. We aimed to understand the perspectives of FP providers and other stakeholders on the potential introduction of new subcutaneous (SC) depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injectable contraceptives lasting 4 and 6 months in Nigeria and Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between July 2021 and February 2022, we conducted 48 in-depth interviews (IDIs) and 11 focus group discussions (FGDs) with FP providers and other stakeholders involved with service delivery, program management, and policymaking in Lagos and Abuja in Nigeria and Kampala and Luwero in Uganda. IDIs and FGDs explored respondents' reactions to and preferences for the new injectables lasting 4 and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents liked the idea of longer-acting DMPA-SC products, noting the potential for reduced facility visits for clients and workloads for providers, cost savings for users and the health system, and potential for improved commodity logistics. Some nonproviders raised concerns about confusion among providers and clients with the availability of multiple injectable products; however, providers did not share this concern. The greatest interest among all groups was for the 6-month injectable, even without the option for self-injection. Several respondents reported that self-injection is not widespread in either context, and some noted that contact with a provider would be important for products with longer durations. Respondents' acceptability of the new injectables assumed that side effects would be no worse than the existing 3-month product.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Family planning stakeholders in Nigeria and Uganda are supportive of expanding the method mix with new injectables, which they see as having the potential to meet the needs of more users. Concerted engagement of health providers, policymakers, and the community will be necessary for successful introduction once these new contraceptive products are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138884829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Carrasco M et al., Assessing Use, Usefulness, and Application of the High Impact Practices in Family Planning Briefs and Strategic Planning Guides.","authors":"","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00445","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00445","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138884826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation Practices Delivered by Physical and Occupational Therapists to Brazilian Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Kennea Martins Almeida Ayupe, Ianka Maria Bezerra Cunha Dias, Ana Paula Martins Cazeiro, Ana Carolina de Campos, Egmar Longo","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00219","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is a health condition that has affected the development of thousands of children in Brazil. Because it is a new condition, its understanding is an ongoing process. Therefore, it is important to know the rehabilitation interventions being delivered to improve the functioning of these children. We aimed to describe the practices of physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) who provide follow-up care for children with CZS in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included PTs and OTs who assist children with CZS in Brazil. An online questionnaire was used to verify the participants' personal characteristics and professional work environment, as well as the rehabilitation programs they implemented in Brazil for children with CZS. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 116 professionals (79 PT and 37 OT) who work mainly in public health services (81.9%) participated in the study. Of these, 24.1% plan interventions based on reading scientific articles, 66.4% did not report using the biopsychosocial model, 52.6% do not perform any assessments before starting an intervention, 31.9% use neurodevelopmental treatment, and 22.4% use sensorimotor stimulation interventions. The majority of the interventions are delivered 1 to 2 times a week, lasting up to 1 hour.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Professional training and knowledge translation strategies are needed to implement evidence-based practices and improve the quality of rehabilitation programs for Brazilian children with CZS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138829281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Many Cooks in the Kitchen: Iterating a Qualitative Analysis Process Across Multiple Countries, Sites, and Teams.","authors":"Lauren Suchman, Serah Gitome, Mandayachepa Nyando, Zachary A Kwena, Pauline Wekesa, Sarah Okumu, Louisa Ndunyu, Chioma Okoli, Aminat Tijani, Ayobambo Jegede, Ivan Idiodi, Grace Nmadu, Shakede Dimowo, Alfred Maluwa, Lynn Atuyambe, Catherine Birabwa, Phoebe Alitubeera, Betty Kaudha, Agnes Kayego, Tamandani Jumbe, Innocencia Mtalimanja, Janelli Vallin, Elena Sinha, Beth S Phillips, Dinah Amongin, Elizabeth Bukusi, Kelsey Holt, Martha Kamanga, Jenny Liu, Address Malata, Elizabeth Omoluabi, Peter Waiswa","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00143","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Establishing and proving methodological rigor has long been a challenge for qualitative researchers where quantitative methods prevail, but much published literature on qualitative analysis assumes a relatively small number of researchers working in relative proximity. This is particularly true for research conducted with a grounded theory approach. Different versions of grounded theory are commonly used, but this methodology was originally developed for a single researcher collecting and analyzing data in isolation. Although grounded theory has evolved since its development, little has been done to reconcile this approach with the changing nature and composition of international research teams. Advances in technology and an increased emphasis on transnational collaboration have facilitated a shift wherein qualitative datasets have been getting larger and the teams collecting and analyzing them more diverse and diffuse. New processes and systems are therefore required to respond to these conditions. Data for this article are drawn from the experiences of the Innovations for Choice and Autonomy (ICAN) Research Consortium. ICAN aims to understand how self-injectable contraceptives can be implemented in ways that best meet women's needs in Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, and Nigeria. We found that taking a structured approach to analysis was important for maintaining consistency and making the process more manageable across countries. However, it was equally important to allow for flexibility within this structured approach so that teams could adapt more easily to local conditions, making data collection and accompanying analysis more feasible. Meaningfully including all interested researchers in the analysis process and providing support for learning also increased rigor. However, competing priorities in a complex study made it difficult to adhere to planned timelines. We conclude with recommendations for both funders and study teams to design and conduct global health studies that ensure more equitable contributions to analysis while remaining logistically feasible and methodologically sound.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138482286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Human-Centered Design to Explore Potential Users' and Men's Views of New Injectable Contraceptives in Kampala and Lagos.","authors":"Holly M Burke, Rebecca L Callahan, Anna Lawton, Abigail Turinayo, Oluwatoyin Oyekenu, Sheila Niyonsaba, Oladunni Taiwo, Victor Muwonge Semaganda, Andy Awiti, Audrey Fratus, Fredrick Mubiru, Funmilola M OlaOlorun","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00215","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Injectable contraceptives are the most used method in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted market research to assess potential user attitudes toward 4- and 6-month injectables. We also present user suggestions for marketing these new injectables once they are available.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We implemented a 2-phase market research study from October through December 2021 in Kampala, Uganda, and Lagos, Nigeria. We conducted 11 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 51 participants in Kampala and 12 FGDs with 67 participants in Lagos. FGDs included current and potential injectable users and men stratified by marital status and age. Next, 23 women in Kampala and 24 in Lagos participated in cocreation workshops using human-centered design methods to explore marketing and communications strategies for each injectable. Data collection teams completed semistructured data extraction tables that were then analyzed thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants liked both injectable options due to the reduced number of facility visits that would save time and money and increase privacy. Primary concerns included side effects, delayed return to fertility, cost, self-efficacy to self-inject, and stock-outs. Participants in Kampala preferred a shorter reinjection window (or \"grace period\") because it is easier to remember and they assumed it meant a quicker return to fertility, but participants in Lagos preferred a longer window because it provides extra time for reinjection. Citing norms around women needing to get pregnant quickly after marriage, participants in both sites felt that the 4-month injectable would benefit young people with busy lifestyles or limited access to facilities, whereas the 6-month injectable would benefit women who already had children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that participants in Kampala and Lagos would prefer additional injectable options to meet the wide-ranging needs of users in different stages of their reproductive lives. Family planning program planners can apply the marketing insights we identified when these new injectables become available.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138884831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Another Best Practice: Leveraging User and Stakeholder Perspectives to Improve and Refine Existing Medical Products.","authors":"Kevin J Peine, Madeleine Short Fabic, Stephen Hodgins","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00494","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00494","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138884825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Supervision Framework for Task-Shared Mental Health Workers: Implications for Clinical Trials and Beyond.","authors":"Stephan Rabie, Anubhuti Poudyal, Aisha King, Esona-Sethu Ndwandwa, Adele Marais, Lena Andersen, John Joska, Kathleen Sikkema","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00092","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise in task-shared interventions that address the mental health treatment gap in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has highlighted the need for additional support and supervision of nonspecialist mental health workers (NHWs). The supervision of NHWs in most resource-limited settings is still primarily disorganized, without clear guidelines that provide the necessary structure for supervision. The need for supervision is even greater for NHWs working in the context of trauma, not only to provide training and ensure adequate delivery of care but also to provide support to minimize the psychological impact of their work. In South Africa, women face intersecting epidemics of HIV, intimate partner violence, and sexual trauma. This syndemic highlights the importance of integrating mental health treatment in HIV care, especially in settings like South Africa, where mental health services are limited. In this context, our group developed and is evaluating the effectiveness of ImpACT+, a task-shared coping intervention to improve clinical and mental health outcomes among HIV-infected women with sexual trauma in South Africa. We describe the ImpACT+ supervision model that is currently being implemented in the context of a hybrid effectiveness-implementation clinical trial. Combining experiences from clinical psychology, task-shared interventions, and trauma-informed care, the supervision model integrates formal elements of clinical supervision into categories that are suitable for use in task-shared trauma interventions in low-resource settings. To the best of our knowledge, such a trauma-informed supervision approach has not been widely documented in the literature, particularly in task-shared interventions in LMICs. In this article, we describe the ImpACT+ intervention, provide an overview of the supervision model, and provide illustrative examples of how the supervision model has been implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138482284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying Human-Centered Design to Replicate an Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Intervention: A Case Study of Binti Shupavu in Kenya.","authors":"Nancy Njoki, Meghan Cutherell, Abednego Musau, David Mireri, Alex Nana-Sinkam, Mary Phillips","doi":"10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00557","DOIUrl":"10.9745/GHSP-D-22-00557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a case study describing the use of human-centered design (HCD) to determine how to adapt intervention components from an existing contraceptive uptake program for adolescent girls in 4 geographical contexts (Ethiopia, northern Nigeria, southern Nigeria, and Tanzania) for use in Kenya. First, we prioritized existing intervention components to be tested in Kenya using sacrificial concepts. Through these concepts, we identified key insights and behavioral archetypes from which to build higher-fidelity prototypes, leveraging existing program knowledge and resources while responding to unique opportunities for Kenyan adolescent girls. After 2 rounds of prototyping, we launched a high-fidelity intervention designed to improve contraceptive uptake among girls. We used program experience to identify strategies for improvement during early implementation. The resulting model, Binti Shupavu, is designed to tap into girls' aspirations and connect them with contraceptive use, build their trust in the health system, and work with influencers to build support for adolescent contraceptive use, following the global user journey. In the first year of implementation (January-December 2022), the intervention was scaled from 90 facilities to 360 facilities and reached 60,111 adolescent girls aged 10-19 years. Of these, 21,698 were new voluntary contraceptive users (36%) and an additional 3,873 (19%) were continuing users.Our design process suggests that HCD is a promising tool for navigating replication. The emphasis on users' perspectives, testing to learn, and collaboration facilitated a deep understanding of the new user population, thus guiding program designers to balance using existing components with developing new ones based on the population's unique needs. Finally, HCD has potential to support the localization agenda if design teams are supported by national, regional, and global experts to be aware of and use the evidence and implementation experience from earlier work.</p>","PeriodicalId":12692,"journal":{"name":"Global Health: Science and Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138829277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}