Genes & genomics最新文献

{"title":"Ubiquilin 1 Inhibits intracellular proliferation of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium through Xenophagy.","authors":"In Sook Jeon, Yong-Hee Lee, Jin Tae Hong, Won Seop Kim, Jae-Cheon Shin, Hak-Kyo Lee, Joong-Kook Choi","doi":"10.1007/s13258-026-01755-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13258-026-01755-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a gram-negative bacterium that infects intestinal cells, causing gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Following infection, the bacteria persist and replicate within a unique cytoplasmic compartment known as the Salmonella-containing vacuole. While the proliferation of most intracellular bacteria is restricted by classical autophagy, Salmonella has evolved mechanisms to evade autophagic intervention. Ubiquilin 1 (Ubqln1) contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain and a C-terminal ubiquitin-associated domain. These domains play crucial roles in cellular protein degradation, autophagosome maturation, and the prevention of starvation-induced apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the regulation of Ubqln1 expression in response to Salmonella infection and elucidates the role of Ubqln1 in modulating Salmonella proliferation and the autophagic process. METHODS: To achieve this, we employed RT-PCR, Western blotting, a Ubqln1 overexpression system, and Ubqln1 knockout cell lines. Confocal microscopy was used to assess the spatiotemporal association between Salmonella, Ubqln1, and autophagic markers such as LC3. RESULTS: Our findings demonstrate that Ubqln1 expression is upregulated in response to treatment with major bacterial antigens (LPS, OmpA) or Salmonella infection. Intracellular proliferation of Salmonella was inhibited in cells overexpressing Ubqln1, whereas it was promoted in Ubqln1 deficient cells. Furthermore, Ubqln1 showed significant recruited to Salmonella and exhibited spatial overlap with the autophagy marker LC3, as confirmed by fluorescence intensity profiling. Notably, Ubqln1 appeared to inhibit the accumulation of LAMP2 around Salmonella. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results suggest that Ubqln1 plays a critical role in host defense against Salmonella by promoting Xenophagy. </p>","PeriodicalId":12675,"journal":{"name":"Genes & genomics","volume":" ","pages":"755-766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147485353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptomic profiling reveals metabolic and regulatory features of Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells relative to newly hatched larval tissues.","authors":"Deng Chao, Yang Hui","doi":"10.1007/s13258-025-01725-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13258-025-01725-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells are widely used as an in vitro model system and have undergone extensive adaptation during long-term culture. Understanding how their transcriptional programs differ from in vivo tissues is essential for interpreting their biological characteristics and experimental utility.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to characterize transcriptomic differences between Drosophila S2 cells and newly hatched larval tissues, with a focus on identifying metabolic, regulatory, and proliferative features associated with the long-term maintenance of S2 cells in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RNA sequencing was performed on S2 cells and newly hatched larvae. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using edgeR (FDR < 0.05, |log2FC| ≥ 1). Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses were used to investigate functional changes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed based on STRING data to identify hub genes, and selected genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5,937 DEGs were detected between S2 cells and larval tissues. S2 cells displayed pronounced upregulation of genes linked to amino acid metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, cell cycle progression, protein turnover, and RNA interference pathways, whereas genes associated with development and differentiation were broadly downregulated. PPI analysis highlighted 10 hub genes-including P5CS, GluProRS, ND-ACP, Ubi-p63E, and Dcr-2-that represent central nodes in metabolic regulation, protein homeostasis, transcriptional control, and stress response. These features collectively reflect a transcriptional state shaped by long-term in vitro adaptation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This comparative analysis provides a comprehensive overview of transcriptomic and regulatory differences between S2 cells and in vivo larval tissues. The results clarify key molecular characteristics of S2 cells and offer a useful reference for their application in functional genomics, metabolism research, and cell-based assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":12675,"journal":{"name":"Genes & genomics","volume":" ","pages":"721-732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147432358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GWAS reveals common SLX4 variants associated with telomere length and hypertension in individuals of African ancestry.","authors":"Nicole Benfield, Prisca K Thami, James Ware, Laura Collopy","doi":"10.1007/s13258-026-01746-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13258-026-01746-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors are highly prevalent in the UK, with incidence differing by ethnicity. Black individuals have an increased prevalence of heart failure, stroke and hypertension compared to White individuals. Telomere length has been associated with many age-related conditions, with shorter telomeres associated with increased CVD risk. However, Black individuals have longer telomeres on average compared to White individuals, which should be protective against CVDs. The increased incidence of CVD in this population indicates a paradoxical association. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between telomere length and cardiovascular disease risk across ethnic groups and to identify genetic variants that may explain observed differences. METHODS: Using the UK Biobank cohort, we assessed telomere length in Black and White populations and performed GWAS analysis to identify ethnicity-specific variants associated with telomere length. RESULTS: We report that Black individuals had significantly longer telomeres than White individuals (0.9035 vs 0.8301, p < 0.0001). Contrary to published reports, Black individuals showed lower incidence of most CVD subtypes compared to White individuals. However, hypertension was more prevalent in Black individuals despite longer telomeres. GWAS analysis identified 12 ethnicity-specific variants at genome-wide significance associated with longer telomeres in Black populations. Notably, 3 variants in SLX4 were significantly more common in Black individuals and associated with both longer telomere length and hypertension risk. High BMI and lower household income were found to influence hypertension risk, overriding the protective effect of longer telomeres in Black populations. CONCLUSIONS: The increased rate of hypertension in Black populations, as well as longer telomere length, may be influenced by common genetic variants. The protective effect of longer telomeres against CVD does not extend to hypertension, where socioeconomic and metabolic factors appear to override this protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12675,"journal":{"name":"Genes & genomics","volume":" ","pages":"673-682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13149702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146258009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of heat stress-tolerant cultivars from radish and analysis of gene expression under high-temperature.","authors":"Jae-Han Choi, Won Byoung Chae, Man-Ho Oh","doi":"10.1007/s13258-026-01766-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13258-026-01766-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Global warming has significant impacts on crop growth and agricultural stability, particularly for temperature-sensitive crops such as radish (Raphanus sativus). Elucidating mechanisms underlying heat-stress tolerance is essential for developing high-temperature tolerant radish cultivars. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive radish cultivars and to analyze the mechanisms of heat-stress resistance through integrated analyses of gene expression patterns and protein interaction networks. METHODS: In this study, we screened 17 radish cultivars after high-temperature treatment in a growth chamber and validated their contrasting high-temperature tolerance under open-field conditions. To identify specific genes involved in heat stress as upstream signaling components in heat-tolerant cultivars, the expression of 26 receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) of Arabidopsis thaliana under high-temperature conditions (37 °C for 2h) was analyzed. We also analyzed downstream components that could be involved in heat-stress tolerance using quantitative real-time PCR. Protein–protein interaction networks were investigated using yeast two-hybrid analysis, with Rs032070 and RsPP7 used as bait proteins. RESULTS: After high-temperature treatment of 17 diverse radish cultivars, differences in heat-stress tolerance were investigated, and three heat-tolerant cultivars and three heat-sensitive cultivars were selected. Among radish RLCKs, the expression of Rs275520, Rs355490, and Rs032070 was significantly changed at 37 °C compared with the normal temperature (23 °C), whereas Rs497590 showed a slight down-regulation. Using Rs032070 as bait, eight interacting proteins were identified with the yeast two-hybrid system, and the expression of all eight genes was induced by high-temperature treatment. Notably, the expression of Ser/Thr protein phosphatase 7 (PP7, Rs499360) was up-regulated in heat-tolerant cultivars after 37 °C treatment, whereas no such change was detected in heat-sensitive cultivars. Using PP7 as bait, four different interacting proteins were identified, and the transcript levels of these four genes were significantly up-regulated after high-temperature treatment. CONCLUSION: Overall, our results highlight the Rs032070-RsPP7-centered network as a key signaling hub for radish high-temperature responses and a potential target for developing heat-tolerant cultivars. These results are helpful for understanding heat-stress-related mechanisms in radish under climate warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":12675,"journal":{"name":"Genes & genomics","volume":" ","pages":"783-796"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147769561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolving repetitive and telomeric regions through a high-contiguity genome assembly of the African Turquoise killifish.","authors":"Nagyeong Kim, Chang-Myung Oh, Yumi Kim, Jun Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13258-026-01738-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13258-026-01738-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) is a powerful, short-lived vertebrate model for aging and evolutionary biology, characterized by rapid growth, high fecundity, and a distinctive life cycle. However, the existing reference genome has limitations in accurately resolving repetitive genomic regions and telomeric sequences. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we present a high-quality genome assembly of the GRZ strain of the turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), generated using high-fidelity long-read sequencing to provide a robust genomic resource for aging research. We assessed the assembly quality with a focus on repetitive elements, particularly the resolution of telomeric regions, as well as evolutionarily conserved genes and overall gene content. METHODS: We obtained high-fidelity (HiFi) long-read sequencing data using the PacBio Sequel2 platform to assemble the genome. To identify and remove contaminant sequences, taxonomic classification of scaffolds was performed. Genes of the genome were annotated with publicly available RNA sequencing data. RESULTS: Compared with the previously published reference (MPIA_NFZ_2.0), the current assembly showed markedly higher contiguity and improved resolution of repetitive sequences. These findings indicate that the larger genome size is largely attributable to the more complete representation of repetitive sequences. Notably, the recovery of the majority of telomeric sequences demonstrates a substantial advance in assembly completeness. CONCLUSION: This enhanced genome assembly provides a critical resource for advancing research on aging using the turquoise killifish model. The resulting high-contiguity genome assembly establishes a valuable reference resource that will accelerate genetic and genomic studies and enable deeper insights into phenotypic evolution in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":12675,"journal":{"name":"Genes & genomics","volume":" ","pages":"747-754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147480394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"c-Myc regulated long noncoding RNA TRD-AS1 to affect the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Ziyue Feng, Yuxuan Han, Xiaofeng Qin, Miaoting Fu, Xiangyang Li, Youming Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s13258-026-01745-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13258-026-01745-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression is closely associated with dysregulated oncogenic transcription programs and noncoding RNA networks. c-Myc is a key transcription factor in tumor biology, but the role of c-Myc-regulated long noncoding RNAs such as TRD-AS1 (LNC TRD-AS1) in OSCC progression remains to be clarified.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effect of c-Myc-regulated LNC TRD-AS1 on the progression of OSCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effects of c-Myc on LNC TRD-AS1 were detected. Expression of c-Myc and LNC TRD-AS1 in OSCC and paracancerous tissues. Dual luciferase reporter assay verified the binding of c-Myc to the promoter region of LNC TRD-AS1. The localization of LNC TRD-AS1 in OSCC was determined by nucleocytoplasmic isolation assay and RNA FISH experiments. The effects of overexpression, knockdown of LNC TRD-AS1 and rescue experiments on migration, metabolism, and proliferation of OSCC cells were observed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blots, scratch tests, Transwell assays, medium color and pH changes, ATP measurement, CCK-8 assays, and colony formation assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that c-Myc positively regulated the expression of LNC TRD-AS1 in OSCC cell lines and tissues. The binding of c-Myc to the LNC TRD-AS1 promoter region was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Both nucleoplasmic separation assays and RNA FISH showed that LNC TRD-AS1 was localized to the nuclei in OSCC cells. Overexpression of LNC TRD-AS1 promoted migration, metabolism and proliferation in OSCC cell lines, while knockdown had the opposite effect.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>c-Myc positively regulated LNC TRD-AS1 in OSCC. LNC TRD-AS1 affected the migration, proliferation and metabolism of OSCC by affecting the tumor acid metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":12675,"journal":{"name":"Genes & genomics","volume":" ","pages":"709-720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147432417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nrf2-dependent redox regulation protects myoblasts from polystyrene nanoplastic-induced premature senescence.","authors":"Chae Rin Jung, EunJin Bang, Gi-Young Kim, JaeHun Cheong, Yung Hyun Choi","doi":"10.1007/s13258-026-01744-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13258-026-01744-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nanoplastics (NPs) have emerged as environmental contaminants posing potential risks to human health. Recently, skeletal muscle has been recognized as a target tissue affected by NP exposure, where NPs trigger premature cellular senescence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether senescence induced by polystyrene NPs (PS-NPs) in pre-differentiated C2C12 myoblasts is regulated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a redox-sensitive transcription factor.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After confirming that PS-NPs induce cellular senescence in C2C12 myoblasts, we examined whether sulforaphane, an Nrf2 activator, attenuates this process by enhancing antioxidant defense and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Additionally, we investigated the effects of Nrf2 knockdown on PS-NP-mediated cellular senescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PS-NP exposure downregulated and dephosphorylated Nrf2, whereas sulforaphane treatment restored its expression and phosphorylation, concomitant with the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 activity. Sulforaphane significantly attenuated PS-NP-induced premature cellular senescence, as evidenced by reduced β-galactosidase activity and senescence-associated marker levels and suppressed senescence-associated secretory phenotypes. Moreover, sulforaphane preserved mitochondrial integrity and decreased both intracellular and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, indicating that its anti-senescence effects were mediated via activation of the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. Conversely, Nrf2 knockdown markedly exacerbated PS-NP-induced cellular senescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, these findings suggest that sulforaphane-mediated activation of Nrf2 mitigates PS-NP-induced premature myoblast senescence through redox regulation, underscoring the essential role of antioxidant defense pathways in protecting skeletal muscle cells from nanoplastic-induced cellular senescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12675,"journal":{"name":"Genes & genomics","volume":" ","pages":"647-658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146201318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The control of Plexin A-mediated axon guidance by the Src family kinase Src64B in Drosophila.","authors":"Van Minh Nguyen, Bongsu Kang, Seungchan Kook, Sangyun Jeong","doi":"10.1007/s13258-026-01750-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13258-026-01750-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: The repulsive guidance function of PlexA was shown to require the intact intracellular region of PlexA protein, but not its RasGAP activity. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which activated PlexA receptors transmit guidance signals to steer growth cones. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether Src family kinases (SFKs) are necessary for motor axon pathfinding in Drosophila, and how SFKs are involved in the regulation of PlexA-mediated axon guidance. METHODS: Late-stage 16 embryos were fixed, permeabilized, and immunostained with anti-Fasciclin II (1D4) antibody to visualize the axonal projection pattern of motor neurons. Transfection of S2 cells, immunoprecipitation, and immunoblot analysis were conducted to quantify phosphorylation levels of PlexA proteins. We engineered a series of PlexA mutant constructs containing specific tyrosine-to-phenylalanine substitutions and generated transgenic flies for these mutant constructs. Using these PlexA mutant transgenes, genetic complementation and genetic interaction experiments between SFKs and PlexA derivatives in a gain-of-function paradigm were performed. RESULTS: Genetic analysis suggests that SFK Src64B is required for selective defasciculation of ISNb axons at specific choice points and target recognition. In cultured cells, Src64B downregulates the protein stability of PlexA through tyrosine phosphorylation. Moreover, genetic complementation using 9 PlexA mutant transgenes that contain substitution of single or double tyrosine residues to phenylalanines in their intracellular region demonstrates that multiple tyrosine residues are required for normal PlexA guidance functions. Finally, we found that coexpression of wild-type PlexA suppressed total ISNb motor axon defects induced by Src64B overexpression, whereas they were not suppressed but instead enhanced by coexpression of each of all tyrosine-to-phenylalanine mutant PlexAs. CONCLUSION: Taken together, we propose that Src64B-mediated phosphorylation of PlexA negatively regulates PlexA signaling activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12675,"journal":{"name":"Genes & genomics","volume":" ","pages":"733-746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147456406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer activity of himantormione B: a new depsidone from the Antarctic lichen Himantormia lugubris, in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Hae-Jung Chae, Min-Ji Shin, Man Hyung Koo, Jong Bae Seo, Ui Joung Youn, Sung-Suk Suh","doi":"10.1007/s13258-026-01759-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13258-026-01759-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies have highlighted the pharmaceutical potential of lichen extracts, particularly with respect to their anticancer properties. Lichens, symbiotic organisms composed of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, have long been utilized in traditional medicine. Accumulating evidence from recent investigations further supports the potential therapeutic applications of lichen-derived compounds in a variety of diseases, including cancer.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to investigate the anticancer activity of himantormione B, a newly identified secondary metabolite isolated from the Antarctic lichen Himantormia lugubris, in the human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT-29.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cell viability was assessed using an MTS assay in MRC-5, HCT116, and HT-29 cells. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblot analyses were performed to evaluate the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes, including BAX, BCL2, PUMA, and CASP3. To further investigate the apoptotic effects of himantormione B in HCT116 and HT-29 cells, cells were stained with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI), followed by flow cytometric analysis (FACS). In addition, in silico ADMET analyses were conducted to determine whether himantormione B exhibits favorable drug-like properties and promising pharmacological potential.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on our results, himantormione B exerted a significant cytotoxic effect on colorectal cancer cells compared with MRC-5 normal fibroblasts. Moreover, himantormione B induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner by modulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes, including BAX, BCL-2, PUMA, and CASP3. Specifically, treatment with himantormione B significantly downregulated the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2, while concomitantly upregulating the expression of the pro-apoptotic genes BAX and PUMA. In agreement with the flow cytometric analysis demonstrating himantormione B-induced apoptosis, we further observed a dose-dependent increase in cleaved caspase-3 levels. Given that caspase-3 is a key executioner caspase that promotes apoptotic progression and suppresses cell survival, these findings collectively indicate that himantormione B induces apoptosis via activation of the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, the present study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the anticancer activity of himantormione B in colorectal cancer, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate for targeted treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12675,"journal":{"name":"Genes & genomics","volume":" ","pages":"633-644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147581104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced molecular techniques in distinguishing monozygotic twins for forensic applications.","authors":"Hirak Ranjan Dash","doi":"10.1007/s13258-025-01732-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13258-025-01732-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite significant advancements in the forensic DNA analysis techniques, one of the major limitations is the availability of a gold standard genetic technique to distinguishing the monozygotic (MZ) twins. NGS mediated deep sequencing approach is capable of detecting the rare post-zygotic mutations. Despite having a similarity DNA profile, tiny differences in the personality, living habits and disease susceptibility, leads to the observance of epigenetic changes. Both DNA methylation and histone acetylation have demonstrated scientific approach of distinguishing MZ twins. The stable non-coding RNAs, i.e., miRNA, circRNA, and tsRNA have been targeted in most of the studies to differentiate the MZ twins based on their differential expression. The inception of MPS technology allows the rapid sequencing of whole mtDNA genome. It allows the identification of rare mutational events as well as the heteroplasmic DNA to accurately distinguish the MZ twins. Emergence of IRs like TCRβCDR3 have also shown promise as a potential biomarker in distinguishing MZ twins. Analysis of the relatively more stable molecules by proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome analysis have also demonstrated their MZ twins' differential capability. The present article highlights the technological advancements in the forensic differentiation of the MZ twins and their respective pros and cons.</p>","PeriodicalId":12675,"journal":{"name":"Genes & genomics","volume":" ","pages":"471-485"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146165063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}