Geriatrics最新文献

{"title":"Translating Mortality Hazard Ratios into Remaining-Lifespan Measures in Older Adults Using Japanese Complete Life Tables: A Deterministic Reference-Table Study.","authors":"Takashi Shibuya, Nobuo Kutsuna, Tomoya Ohida, Miwa Nakamura, Hanako Kinugasa","doi":"10.3390/geriatrics11050116","DOIUrl":"10.3390/geriatrics11050116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Mortality hazard ratios (HRs) do not directly express remaining lifespan or fixed-time survival. We constructed Japanese age-sex-HR reference tables and examined uncertainty, time patterns, and age-based translation. <b>Methods:</b> Using the 23rd Complete Life Tables for Japan, 2020, we transformed annual death probabilities at index ages of 65-90 years with HRs of 1.00-4.00. Outcomes were median remaining lifespan; mean remaining years; 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year survival; and a baseline-equivalent age shift obtained by matching each transformed median to the HR 1.00 median curve. <b>Results:</b> At the age of 75 years, the median remaining lifespans at HRs of 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 2.50, and 4.00 were 12.6, 10.1, 8.4, 7.3, and 5.1 years in men and 16.8, 14.3, 12.6, 11.3, and 8.8 years in women. An HR of 2.00 corresponded to baseline-equivalent age shifts of 5.8 and 4.8 years. A hypothetical HR interval of 1.50-2.50 translated to median ranges of 7.3-10.1 and 11.3-14.3 years. Relative to an HR of 2.00 throughout, a one-year front-loaded HR of 4.00 followed by an HR of 2.00 reduced median lifespan by 0.42 and 0.19 years but reduced 5-year survival by 3.8 and 1.9 percentage points. <b>Conclusions:</b> Life tables provide reproducible translations of HRs. Applying an external HR requires proportionality and transportability assumptions; the outputs are not validated patient-specific prognoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12653,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Factors Associated with Body Composition and Protein Intake in Institutionalized Older Adults from Three Long-Term Care Facilities in Loja, Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ana Sofía Vivanco-Zárate, Mateo Julián Sánchez-Sánchez, Estefanía Bautista-Valarezo","doi":"10.3390/geriatrics11050115","DOIUrl":"10.3390/geriatrics11050115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Sarcopenia is a common public health problem in older adults and is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality, particularly in institutionalized populations. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in institutionalized older adults, assess the adequacy of protein intake in terms of quantity and quality, and identify factors associated with its presence. <b>Methods:</b> An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in three institutional care homes in Loja canton, Ecuador, between 2024 and 2025. A total of 44 older adults aged ≥65 years were included. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the EWGSOP2 criteria, and protein intake was assessed using the direct food-weighing method over three days. Descriptive, comparative, and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. <b>Results:</b> The prevalence of confirmed and severe sarcopenia was 61.3%. Severe sarcopenia was more frequent in men, whereas probable sarcopenia was more frequent in women. Participants with sarcopenia presented with lower skeletal muscle mass, skeletal muscle index, and muscle strength. Protein intake was generally insufficient compared with international recommendations, although protein quality was predominantly high or very high. Higher skeletal muscle mass and higher body mass index were independently associated with a lower likelihood of sarcopenia. <b>Conclusions:</b> Sarcopenia in institutionalized older adults appears to be more closely associated with body composition and overall nutritional status than with protein quantity or quality alone. These findings support a comprehensive approach to the prevention and management of sarcopenia that combines adequate nutrition with tailored physical exercise interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12653,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of an Electronic Frailty Index with Glaucoma Shunt Outcomes.","authors":"Neel Edupuganti, Richa Saxena, Atalie C Thompson","doi":"10.3390/geriatrics11050114","DOIUrl":"10.3390/geriatrics11050114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Recent studies have shown frailty to be a significant predictor of postoperative complications and mortality across multiple surgical fields. Older adults with glaucoma refractory to medical management often require drainage implantation to achieve intraocular pressure control, yet the impact of frailty remains unstudied. This study evaluated the association of frailty status with glaucoma shunt success and postoperative complications. <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective single-center review was performed for older adults who underwent glaucoma drainage device implantation from January 2015 to July 2025. Included patients had a documented electronic frailty index (eFI) score and were followed for up to 1 year of follow-up. Partial surgical success was defined as an IOP of 5-21 mmHg with a ≥20% IOP reduction from baseline at 1 year; complete success additionally required absence of severe complications. Logistic regression assessed predictors of surgical success. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated time to postoperative complications. <b>Results</b>: Among 200 patients/eyes (mean age = 70.6 years), 60% were pre-frail or frail. At 1 year, 79% achieved partial success, and nearly two-thirds had no postoperative complications. Frail/pre-frail status was significantly associated with a higher risk of postoperative complications (HR = 1.90, 95% CI (1.07, 3.36), <i>p</i> = 0.027) though not with achieving partial success (OR = 1.49, 95% CI (0.72, 3.07)). There were no significant sociodemographic predictors of postoperative complication timing (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>: Being pre-frail or frail meaningfully increased vulnerability to postoperative complications but was not associated with achieving partial or complete surgical success. The elevated complication risk highlights the importance of frailty assessment in preoperative planning for older adults. Future studies should evaluate how integrating frailty screening into perioperative discussions may optimize outcomes and support shared decision-making in aging patients undergoing glaucoma surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":12653,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Hypothesis on Phase Angle as a Candidate Marker Associated with Physiological Reserve in Geriatric Patients in Long-Term Care.","authors":"Alejandro Padilla Isassi, Rosalba Maya Hernández, María Elisa Otero Cerdeira, Ingrid Alejandra Abarca Salinas","doi":"10.3390/geriatrics11050113","DOIUrl":"10.3390/geriatrics11050113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Physiological reserve reflects the capacity of the organism to maintain homeostasis under biological stress. We suggest the hypothesis that phase angle derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis could be a potential objective marker of Physiological reserve. <b>Methods</b>: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 45 older adults residing in long-term care units at Hospital Español de México (2025). Frailty was assessed with the FRAIL index, sarcopenia using EWGSOP2 criteria, functionality with the Barthel Index, and quality of life with WHOQOL-OLD. Body composition and phase angle were measured by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance (InBody BWA 2.0^®). Associations were analyzed using ROC curves and regression models. <b>Results</b>: Phase angle (PA) was closely associated with key geriatric domains. Frail participants showed significantly lower PA values (3.1 ± 0.7 vs. 3.8 ± 0.9; <i>p</i> = 0.009), while sarcopenic patients presented lower PA (3.1 ± 0.7 vs. 4.1 ± 0.9; <i>p</i> < 0.001). PA demonstrated a strong positive correlation with functional status (<i>r</i> = 0.668; <i>p</i> < 0.001). A moderate positive correlation was observed with quality of life (<i>r</i> = 0.551; <i>p</i> = 0.001). In an exploratory multivariable analysis, PA was independently associated with age (B = -0.063; <i>p</i> < 0.001), functionality (B = 0.013; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and frailty (B = -0.137; <i>p</i> = 0.044). <b>Conclusions</b>: The phase angle is associated with key geriatric conditions that are related to reduced physiological reserves in older adults in long-term care, addressing the hypothesis that phase angle reflects physiological reserve at the cellular level by providing preliminary cross-sectional evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12653,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Process Evaluation of a Screening Intervention for Early Detection of Malnutrition Risk Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Receiving Home Care Services.","authors":"Tine Louise Launholt, Palle Larsen, Jemma Hawkins, Hanne Kaae Kristensen","doi":"10.3390/geriatrics11040112","DOIUrl":"10.3390/geriatrics11040112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition is prevalent among older adults (OAs), ≥65 years, receiving home care services. Despite recommendations for early detection and multifactorial interventions, a gap remains between routine practice and evidence. We therefore developed a complex intervention for early detection of malnutrition risk in a Danish home care setting, comprising an implementation strategy with staff learning activities and a screening procedure with a start-up conversation and follow-up screenings. This article outlines the feasibility test and process evaluation of the intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Guided by the Medical Research Council (MRC/NIHR) framework for complex interventions and MRC process evaluation guidance, the evaluation was conducted in two parts. Part 1 focused on case-level feasibility, while Part 2 examined implementation feasibility within routine home care practice. Qualitative data were collected through participant observations, informal interviews, semi-structured individual interviews, focus group interviews, and a participatory workshop. Quantitative data were extracted from the electronic patient record (NEXUS, Systematic A/S, Aarhus, Denmark). Qualitative data were analysed using qualitative content analysis, and quantitative data using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All eligible OAs (12/12) received a start-up conversation in Part 1 compared with 5/16 (31%) in Part 2, while follow-up screenings declined from 61/71 (86%) to 37/50 (74%). Overall, staff perceived the learning activities as useful and were able to deliver the screening procedure. However, delivery and implementation were influenced by time constraints, leadership support, workplace culture, and organisational infrastructures. OAs showed willingness to participate, yet their prerequisites for engagement were more limited than anticipated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The intervention could be delivered in a real-world home care setting, but delivery, implementation, and activation of proposed mechanisms were constrained by resource limitations, competing priorities, workplace culture, and organisational infrastructures. To improve uptake, intervention adaptations and a stepwise implementation approach are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":12653,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13512152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating Adversity in Older Age: An Integrative Review of Contemporary Resilience Concepts and Measurement Challenges.","authors":"Chonlakarn Songsri, Pras Ramluggun, Pimwalunn Aryuwat","doi":"10.3390/geriatrics11040111","DOIUrl":"10.3390/geriatrics11040111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Ageing populations face complex challenges, yet many older adults maintain well-being despite adversity. Understanding resilience offers critical direction for health promotion. This integrative review takes a conceptual and methodological approach to resilience in older adults, with clear implications for geriatric care. The review addresses: (1) how resilience is conceptualised and measured; (2) individual, social, and contextual factors linked to resilience; and (3) the effectiveness of interventions that aim to promote resilience. <b>Methods</b>: Following Whittemore and Knafl's framework, a systematic search of six databases (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL; 2016-2025) identified 42 empirical studies across 18 countries of diverse designs. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and thematic analysis identified five convergent themes. <b>Results</b>: Most studies explicitly defined resilience using trait-, process-, or outcome-based frameworks and employed validated instruments, most commonly the CD-RISC. Self-efficacy, spirituality, sense of coherence, and gratitude were consistently associated with resilience. Family relationships, social networks, and community participation were important relational correlates. Health status, education, economic security, and digital literacy were key contextual factors. Six longitudinal studies linked higher resilience to reduced mortality, slower cognitive decline, and attenuated frailty progression. Seven intervention studies, including five randomised controlled trials, supported physical activity, mindfulness, positive thinking training, Tai Chi, and technology-supported exercise as promising intervention modalities, though one web-based programme yielded null findings. <b>Conclusions</b>: Resilience in older adults is a multifaceted and potentially modifiable construct. Growing longitudinal evidence extends its relevance beyond psychological well-being to physical health outcomes, though cross-sectional designs predominate and limit causal inference. Measurement heterogeneity across more than twenty instruments underscores the need for international consensus and culturally valid tools. Larger longitudinal studies and adequately powered trials are needed to guide definitive practice and policy for ageing populations worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":12653,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13511988/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of Respite Care with Alternating Housing Among People with Dementia: A Mixed-Methods Study.","authors":"Mirkka Söderman, Annelie K Gusdal, Lena-Karin Gustafsson","doi":"10.3390/geriatrics11040110","DOIUrl":"10.3390/geriatrics11040110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: In line with international aging policies, most people with dementia receive care at home. Community-based respite services aim to relieve, support, or share caregiving responsibilities. More person-centered knowledge based on experiences from this group is needed to increase informed decisions about planning of qualitative respite care. The aim of this study is to describe how people with dementia experience respite care with alternating housing, i.e., living partly at home, partly in residential care, refer to their everyday life and well-being. <b>Methods</b>: A mixed-methods design was used. The qualitative approach focused on variations of dilemmas in interviews with people with dementia who were granted and received respite care (n = 8). Also, a quantitative approach focused on quality of life using behavioral and psychological symptom scores. <b>Results</b>: Everyday life at the respite care accommodation described by people with dementia included morning routines, variation in the environment, activities in the company of roommates, but also a lack of activities. Social belonging was described by people with dementia through living with roommates and through social contact with the healthcare staff. Quality of life and behavioral and psychological ratings varied between individuals and settings, but no consistent pattern was identified. <b>Conclusions</b>: Respite care appears to maintain a high quality of life and a low level of psychological symptoms for most of the people with dementia. Although the sample was small, these results are nevertheless an important contribution to the phenomenon, experiences of respite care by people with dementia, that need further research. Furthermore, these results can give decision-makers guidance for professional care efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12653,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13512120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fragmented Care, Fragmented Safety: Care Coordination and Deprescribing Strategies to Reduce Polypharmacy-Related Harm in Assisted Living-A Public Health Perspective.","authors":"Amani Mohammed, Mahmoud Abuhasanein, Martin Wawruch, Viktor Foltin","doi":"10.3390/geriatrics11040109","DOIUrl":"10.3390/geriatrics11040109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Assisted living houses an older, frailer and more heavily medicated population than ever, yet is often regulated as a social and not a clinical setting with no on-site nursing requirement. Polypharmacy accumulates where medication oversight is thinnest. <b>Objective:</b> To map the extent, nature and distribution of research on medication safety in assisted living in the narrow sense, and where the evidence clusters and thins. <b>Methods:</b> In this scoping review, PubMed and Web of Science were searched (26 May 2026; window 2010-2025) and records screened against a strict two-gate rule: assisted living in the narrow sense, explicitly labelled and central, plus a central medication-safety or coordination concept. Residential-care and long-term-care populations fell outside it. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened and charted thematically. <b>Results:</b> Twenty-two sources met the strict definition, drawn from four countries: the United States (13), Finland (6), Canada (2) and the United Kingdom (1). Five themes emerged, covering burden (4), safety (4), interventions (4), antimicrobial stewardship (4) and coordination and regulation (6). A further 11 comparison-context reports were kept separately. Every randomised trial was Finnish and came from one research programme. <b>Conclusions:</b> Assisted living has become a high-acuity medication environment without matching oversight. The setting-specific literature is real but sparse, and rigorous deprescribing and coordination trials remain scarce. The binding constraint is structural rather than pharmacological, a missing point of clinical accountability that is patterned by regulation, so closing the gap is as much a public-health task as a clinical one.</p>","PeriodicalId":12653,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13511910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Chronological Age: Frailty, Vulnerability, and Invasive Decision-Making in Older Adults with Acute Coronary Syndromes.","authors":"Lourdes Vicent, Rafael Salguero-Bodes, Pablo R Alonso, Helena Alarcos, Elena Puerto García-Martín, Carlos Diaz-Arocutipa, Fernando Arribas Ynsaurriaga, Roberto Martín-Asenjo","doi":"10.3390/geriatrics11040106","DOIUrl":"10.3390/geriatrics11040106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Older adults represent a growing proportion of patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), yet they remain a highly heterogeneous population in terms of biological reserve, comorbidity burden, functional status, cognitive performance, and recovery potential. Chronological age alone is an insufficient basis for invasive decision-making, as it may lead to both therapeutic nihilism and disproportionate treatment escalation. Frailty has emerged as a clinically meaningful construct that captures vulnerability to acute stressors and may refine prognostic assessment beyond traditional cardiovascular risk scores. In ACS, frailty is associated with mortality, bleeding, procedural complications, delirium, functional decline, readmission, and loss of independence. However, frailty should not be interpreted as an automatic contraindication to invasive management. Rather, it should inform proportional care by integrating ischemic risk, procedural burden, reversibility potential, patient preferences, and expected quality of recovery. This narrative review examines the role of frailty assessment in older adults with ACS, focusing on its implications for invasive decision-making. We discuss frailty tools, clinical outcomes, therapeutic bias, healthcare inequities, and patient-centered endpoints. Finally, we propose a vulnerability-based framework for cardiovascular care, in which frailty guides individualized therapeutic intensity rather than justifying age-based exclusion from evidence-based treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12653,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13512786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Gut Microbiota Influence Healthy Aging: Overview of Reviews.","authors":"Tejas Ganesh Todmal, Rabia Bibi, Giovanni Cangelosi, Massimiliano Panella, Alice Masini","doi":"10.3390/geriatrics11040107","DOIUrl":"10.3390/geriatrics11040107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Gut microbiota plays a key role in the aging process, with age-related microbial shifts contributing to chronic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, frailty, and cognitive decline. Despite growing interest, an integrated synthesis of how diet and lifestyle modifications influence gut microbiota remains limited. This overview of reviews summarizes the current evidence on how dietary and lifestyle interventions shape microbial composition and affect aging outcomes. <b>Methods</b>: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed and Scopus for English-language reviews (January 2023-October 2025) including human adults aged ≥ 18 years, evaluating dietary or lifestyle interventions, and reporting gut microbiota with healthy-aging outcomes. Quality of the reviews was appraised using the SANRA tool. <b>Results</b>: Mediterranean and plant-based diets, calorie restriction, and microbiota-targeted approaches such as probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation were associated with increases in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, including <i>Faecalibacterium</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, and <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>, while reducing pro-inflammatory taxa. These changes were linked to improved metabolic and immune function, reduced inflammaging, lower frailty, and greater physical resilience. Cognitive benefits included decreased neuroinflammation and a lower risk of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. <b>Conclusions</b>: Maintaining microbial balance through targeted dietary strategies may support healthier, more resilient aging, offering practical insights for public health and clinical nutrition planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":12653,"journal":{"name":"Geriatrics","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13512376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148827426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}