Functional Composites and Structures最新文献

{"title":"Centrifugally spun hydroxyapatite/carbon composite nanofiber scaffolds for bone tissue engineering","authors":"Yasin Akgul, Elena Stojanovska, Mehmet Durmus Calisir, Yusuf Polat and Ali Kilic","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ad5b49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ad5b49","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, advancements in tissue engineering have demonstrated the potential to expedite bone matrix formation, leading to shorter recovery times and decreased clinical challenges compared to conventional methods. Therefore, this study aims to develop composite carbon nanofibers (CNFs) integrated with nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) particles as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. A key strategy in achieving this objective involves harnessing nanofibrous structures, which offer a high surface area, coupled with nHA particles expected to accelerate bone regeneration and enhance biological activity. To realize this, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/nHA nanofibers were fabricated using the centrifugal spinning (C-Spin) technique and subsequently carbonized to yield CNF/nHA composite structures. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed C-Spin as a suitable method for PAN and CNF nanofiber production, with nHA particles uniformly dispersed throughout the nanofibrous structure. Carbonization resulted in reduced fiber diameter due to thermal decomposition and shrinkage of PAN molecules during the process. Furthermore, the incorporation of nHA particles into PAN lowered the stabilization temperature (by 5 °C–20 °C). Tensile tests revealed that PAN samples experienced an approximately 80% increase in ultimate tensile strength and a 187% increase in modulus with a 5 wt.% nHA loading. However, following carbonization, CNF samples exhibited a 50% decrease in strength compared to PAN samples. Additionally, the addition of nHA into CNF improved the graphitic structure. The incorporation of nHA particles into the spinning solution represents a viable strategy for enhancing CNF bioactivity.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of immediate curing at elevated temperatures on the tensile and interfacial properties of carbon fiber-epoxy composites","authors":"Alexandra Liever, Yingtao Liu and Shreya Vemuganti","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ad5b4a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ad5b4a","url":null,"abstract":"Elevated temperature conditions known to improve curing from the onset and during the process of immediate curing are not available in the field, which can hinder the mechanical performance of these strengthening systems. In this study, mechanical testing and material characterization were conducted to identify the effects of subjecting nanomodified epoxy and fiber-reinforced nanomodified epoxy composites to room temperature (RT) (30 °C) and elevated temperature (110 °C) from the onset of curing. Static tensile testing and interfacial adhesion tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed to determine curing characteristics to inform on the immediate curing of nanomodified resins cured under the two temperature conditions. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to identify Carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion characteristics. Overall, due to the incorporation of CNTs in epoxy, RT curing results in upto 62% increase in strain at failure. By supplying additional energy during immediate curing with elevated temperatures, a 51% increase in strength and 42% increase in Youngs Modulus can be observed in the nanomodified epoxy. In CFRP-epoxy composites, due to the incorporation of CNTs in the epoxy, RT curing results in upto 27% increase in strain at failure. By supplying additional energy during immediate curing with elevated temperatures, upto 133% increase in strain at failure is observed and upto 17% increase in strength is observed. CNTs incorporated in CFRP-epoxy composites demonstrated upto 50% increase in interfacial adhesion whereas supplying additional energy for their immediate curing with elevated temperatures, upto 130% increase in interfacial adhesion was observed. TGA and DSC results supported the mechanical observations and show a need for immediate curing when CNTs are used in epoxy matrices.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of graphene nanoplatelets and titanium dioxide nanopowder-reinforced aluminium nanohybrid composites on mechanical properties","authors":"Rahul Chaurasia and Saroj Kumar Sarangi","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ad5925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ad5925","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their effectiveness, lightweight materials have gained international attention in recent decades, with industrial sectors being the primary users of them. Metal matrix composites with nanohybrid reinforcement are a unique composite system combination that enhances the material’s mechanical qualities. In the present article, the mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2)-reinforced aluminium 7075 alloy are discussed with varying weight percentages of reinforcements prepared by the stir casting technique. 1 wt.% GNP with and 3 wt.% TiO2-reinforced composites show optimum properties within the range of reinforcement studied, with a 71.9% increment in tensile strength and an 86.6% improvement in microhardness observed; however, elongation is decreased by 31.7% in contrast to the base alloy. Maximum toughness is found to be in 0.5 wt.% GNP with 1 wt.% TiO2-reinforced nanohybrid composites. XRD results show phase analysis. SEM analysis of the fractured surface reveals a mixture of ductile and brittle fractures.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and finite element analysis of tensile properties of oil palm trunk im–pregnated with epoxy","authors":"F Nik Wan, A Abubakar, M J Suriani, A M Saat, A Fitriadhy, W M N Wan Nik, M S Abdul Majid, Z Z Mukhtar, R A Ilyas, N Mohd Nurazzi and M N F Norrrahim","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ad540d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ad540d","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on determining the elastic properties from the development of a three-dimensional constitutive model of impregnated oil palm trunk reinforced with epoxy (OPTE) composite. The research aims to simulate the tensile behaviour of OPTE composite for finite element analysis and compared with the OPTE experimental results, respectively. The OPTE composites were manufactured by using one of the vacuum infusion techniques namely the vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding technique. In this research, OPTE composite is considered as a unidirectional fibre due to the wood board in the resin. Tensile tests were conducted to provide the material properties as inputs into three-dimensional constitutive model. The tensile test was performed according to ASTM D3039. The test was divided into three zones including zone I (outer), zone II (middle) and zone III (inner). The three elastic constants (elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio) of material properties were obtained from the tensile test data and theoretical equation. The model was developed in Abaqus software. The results from finite element method (FEM) were compared with the experimental results. There was a good agreement and promising results between FEM and the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive correlation analysis of electromechanical behavior in high-stretchable carbon nanotube/polymer composites","authors":"Seong-Won Jin, Myeong-Seok Go, Youngu Lee, Seungwha Ryu, J. Lim","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ad540e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ad540e","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, a comprehensive correlation analysis of highly stretchable carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites was conducted to predict the change in electrical conductivities in response to uniaxial deformation. To this end, the representative volume elements (RVEs) were generated by randomly distributing CNTs in a polymer matrix using a Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. The effective electrical conductivity was then calculated through a network model. Under uniaxial tensile strain, where the length of CNTs was maintained constant and their configuration kept straight, CNT translation and rotation were considered along with the effects of tensile strain and shrinkage, incorporating Poisson's ratio. The RVE configuration was updated to account for changes in the network under these conditions. To achieve a strong correlation between the simulation and test results from the previously published works, numerous trade-off studies have been conducted on the RVE size, geometric periodicity, the length of CNT fibers, the mixing ratio of CNT fibers of CNT/polymer composites, and tensile strain. From the results it can be seen that excellent correlations can be only achieved with careful control of the aforementioned parameters.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of glass/carbon hybrid composites for small wind turbine blades using extreme mixture design response surface methodology","authors":"Suhaib Mohammed and Raghuram L Naik","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ad45a7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ad45a7","url":null,"abstract":"Small wind turbines (SWTs) are a prominent renewable energy technology for decentralized power generation. Blade material and its profile are vital parameters for the aerodynamic performance of SWTs. Traditionally E-glass fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are the widely accepted material for developing SWT blades. However, its application is limited by moderate tensile and fatigue properties. Alternatively, other FRC materials such as carbon, basalt and natural fiber composites are proposed as future materials for SWT blades. However, individual materials are observed to satisfy the requirements partially. Therefore, the hybridization of these materials, particularly Glass/Carbon composites is foreseen as a prospective solution for developing cost-competitive and high-strength SWT blades. There are various studies performed to obtain optimized glass/carbon hybrid composites. However, overall material properties required for SWT blades such as low cost, lightweight, moderate flexural strength and higher tensile and fatigue strengths have not been considered simultaneously during the optimization process. This work presents multi-objective optimization of Glass/Carbon hybrid composites using extreme mixture design response surface methodology (RSM) for SWT applications. The weight percentages of glass and carbon fibers are optimized to achieve desired material properties for SWT blades. The experiments are planned using extreme mixture design RSM and the regression models for desired material properties are developed with a 95% confidence level. RSM-based desirability function is employed to perform multi-objective optimization. Maximum composite desirability of 93.5% is achieved with optimal proportions of 37.9% and 27.1% for glass and carbon fibers respectively. An adequate tensile, flexural and fatigue strengths of 486.02, 435.41 and 316.27 MPa respectively are obtained for optimized glass/carbon hybrid composite at an optimum cost of 2228.76 Rs Kg−1 and density of 3.39 g cm−3. The regression models and optimization results are validated through a confirmation experiment with an error of less than 6.1%.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing the shape memory behaviour of MWCNT-enhanced nanocomposites: a comparative study between experimental and finite element analysis","authors":"Ritesh Gupta, Gaurav Mittal, Krishna Kumar and Upender Pandel","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ad45a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ad45a9","url":null,"abstract":"Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are known for their unique ability to withstand large deformations and revert to their original shape under specific external stimuli. However, their broader application in biomedical and structural applications is restricted by limited mechanical and thermal properties. Introducing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into SMPs has proven to significantly enhance these characteristics without affecting their inherent shape memory features. This study investigates shape memory nanocomposites (SMNCs) through dynamic and thermogravimetric analyses, along with tensile, flexural, and shape memory testing, and explores fracture interfaces using scanning electron microscopy. Findings indicate optimal shape memory, thermal, and mechanical properties with 0.6 wt% MWCNT content, showcasing a shape recovery ratio of 93.11%, storage modulus of 4127.63 MPa, tensile strength of 55 MPa, and flexural strength of 107.94 MPa. Moreover, incorporating MWCNTs into epoxy demonstrated a reduction in recovery times by up to 50% at 0.6 wt% concentration. Despite a slight decrease in shape fixity ratio from 98.77% to 92.11%, shape recoverability remained nearly consistent across all samples. The study also introduces a novel finite element (FE) method in ABAQUS for modeling the thermomechanical behavior of SMNCs, incorporating viscoelasticity, validated by matching experimental results with FE simulations, highlighting its accuracy and practical applicability in engineering.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140934401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of latex/zinc oxide compounds with antibacterial properties for applications in biomedical engineering","authors":"G Durango-Giraldo, C Zapata-Hernandez, J F Santa and R Buitrago-Sierra","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ad45a8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ad45a8","url":null,"abstract":"Natural rubber latex (NRL)—a polymer extracted from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)—has been used in multiple biomedical applications but does not have antibacterial properties. In this work, ZnO nanoparticles with two different morphologies were synthesized and added to NRL at different concentrations in order to evaluate the antibacterial properties of the resulting compounds. The characterization results obtained by electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction showed nanoparticles with spherical (mean size 69 ± 17 nm) and sheet morphology (mean size 154 ± 46 nm) with Wurtzite crystalline phase for both nanomaterials, respectively. The results of antibacterial tests showed that both compounds are effective against E. coli, and the reduction in bacterial viability was 90.3% and 96.4% for sheets and spherical nanomaterials, respectively. In the case of S. aureus, bacterial viability was reduced in both cases. The greatest antibacterial activity was evidenced in the nanoparticles with spherical morphology.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140934275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF INCREASED CORE SURFACE AREA ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED HONEYCOMB SANDWICH STRUCTURES","authors":"M. Fal, O. Fashanu, R. Meinders, Abdulmohsen Alabdulmuhsin, K. Chandrashekhara, Abdulrahman Alotaibi, Saif Alqahtani","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ad46de","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ad46de","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Sandwich composite structures have an efficient structural design that provides high bending stiffness and strength at low weight. However, these structures are plagued with weak core-to-facesheet bond strength. In this work, the effect of increasing the contact area between the composite facesheet and honeycomb core was studied. Sandwich panels were manufactured using two different honeycomb structures, a regular and a modified honeycomb, and their respective bond strengths were evaluated using the flatwise tension test (ASTM C297). The honeycombs were additively manufactured using selective laser melting (SLM) process. The modified honeycomb was designed to have a larger surface area while retaining the same relative density as the regular honeycomb. The facesheets were made out of carbon-fiber, while the core was additively manufactured using 304L stainless steel powder. Impact specimens were manufactured and tested for impact resistance. A finite element model was created to study the integrity of the sandwich structures subjected to localized impact damage. The finite element model of the damage resistance due to impact showed a good agreement with the experimental results. Samples with increased contact area showed higher impact resistance. The average impact strength of the modified samples was 41.3% higher than the average impact strength of the regular samples. Flatwise tension results showed that by increasing the contact area between the core and the facesheet the core-to-facesheet bond strength increased.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141021680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Wheat Husk-Derived Holey Carbon/(RGO)x/CoFe2O4/PVA Nanocomposites: Insights into Structural, Optical, Magnetic, and Dielectric Properties","authors":"Reza Gholipur","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ad3ede","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ad3ede","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this particular study, an uncomplicated method involving chemical co-precipitation was employed to create nanocomposites known as wheat husk-derived holey carbon/reduced graphene oxide/cobalt ferrite/polyvinyl alcohol (WHHC/(RGO)x/CF/PVA). The utilization of biomass materials is a noteworthy aspect that has caught the attention of researchers in this field. It is worth mentioning that the characteristics related to both magnetism and dielectricity in the flexible WHHC/(RGO)x/CF/PVA nanocomposites can be controlled by adjusting the amount of RGO present in the composition. To explore the composite's absorption properties, the influence of RGO content was investigated, and it was found that there is a direct correlation between higher RGO content and increased absorption. The WHHC/(RGO)x/CF/PVA structure exhibits an enhanced impedance matching due to the strong interfacial interaction between RGO and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. This porous composition possesses an optimal structure for capturing and collecting light effectively. Moreover, the WHHC/(RGO)x/CF/PVA nanocomposites have exhibited great potential in manufacturing flexible electronic devices such as light-dependent resistors (LDRs), when employed as an electronic material. Their lightweight characteristics and flexibility are key contributors to the success achieved in this aspect. However, it is important to note that their overall shape tends to resemble that of traditional absorber equipment commonly used in the field.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}