Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench最新文献

{"title":"Strasberg severity predicts 30-day loss of bile duct patency after ERCP in post-cholecystectomy bile duct injury.","authors":"Anung Noto Nugroho, Ida Bagus Budhi Surya Adnyana, Didik Prasetyo, Triyanta Y Pramana, Aritantri Darmayani, Febriagi Bayu Aji, Nafa Unnisa","doi":"10.22037/ghfbb.v19i01.3189","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ghfbb.v19i01.3189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study evaluated the prognostic value of Strasberg classification on 30-day bile duct patency and explored relevant clinical and procedural factors.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Bile duct injury (BDI) is a serious complication of cholecystectomy that may influence early outcomes after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 33 patients with BDI treated with ERCP at Dr. Moewardi Hospital from January 2023 to May 2025. Data included demographics, laboratory results, cholecystectomy type, timing of diagnosis and repair, and injury severity (minor: A-C; major: D-E). The primary outcome was bile duct patency at 30 days, assessed by imaging and clinical indicators. Statistical analyses included chi-square, Fisher's exact, Kaplan-Meier survival, and ROC curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients had a mean age of 45.9 years; 54.5% were female, and 54.5% had laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Minor and major injuries were observed in 51.5% and 48.5%, respectively. 63.6% achieved bile duct patency by day 30. No significant associations were found between demographic, laboratory, procedural variables, and either injury severity or outcomes (all p>0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly longer patency in minor injuries compared to major injuries (mean 25.88 vs. 20.88 days, p=0.030).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights Strasberg classification as an independent predictor of early bile duct patency after ERCP. Other common clinical factors did not significantly influence outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of Strasberg classification not only for injury assessment but also for guiding early postoperative management and monitoring. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm these results and to optimize prognostic tools for BDI care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12636,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench","volume":"19 1","pages":"e5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13418495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time trend and geographical distribution of colorectal cancer incidence before and after COVID-19 pandemic in southern Iran: an interrupted time series analysis.","authors":"Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Ali Reza Safarpour, Majid Keshavarz, Maryam Kazemi, Alimohammad Bananzadeh","doi":"10.22037/ghfbb.v19i01.3269","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ghfbb.v19i01.3269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to assess the trend and geographical distribution of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Fars province from 2011 to 2024, and its changes during COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Research has indicated that the risk of CRC varies significantly across different regions of the world.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2011 to 2024, data from 1,453 CRC patients who were registered in the Shiraz Colorectal Cancer Surgery (SCORCS) program were analyzed. Using R software (v4.2.0), we applied interrupted time series analysis to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on CRC incidence and mortality. Spatial distribution was examined with ArcGIS (v10.4.1), and Moran's I test was used to determine high- and low-risk regions. A 5% significance level was applied to all analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 56.2% of the patients were men and 43.8% were women. Most patients (49%) were between 30 and 59 years old. Rectal cancer was slightly more common (57.7%) than colon cancer (41.8%), and only a very small number (less than 0.5%) had both. About half of the patients were classified as T3, and over 80% already had metastasis. At the pandemic onset, both outcomes showed a significant immediate increase, followed by a significant post-pandemic decline in slope. Among the studied areas, Kazerun and Jahrom had the highest incidence rate, while Zarqan and Kazerun showed the highest mortality rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that CRC incidence and mortality declined during COVID-19, likely due to restrictive policies. However, the high rates in some cities of Fars province highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce the disease burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":12636,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench","volume":"19 1","pages":"e7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional dyspepsia redefined: evidence supporting inflammatory dyspepsia - a systematic review.","authors":"Lauren Phang, Alice Kim, Chunlong Mu, Kamran Rostami","doi":"10.22037/ghfbb.v19i01.3287","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ghfbb.v19i01.3287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>With growing evidence linking food antigens to inflammation and symptoms, our objective was to review the evidence for the impact of dietary factors on functional dyspepsia (FD) pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>FD is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterised by postprandial fullness, early satiety, epigastric pain, and burning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Cochrane databases was conducted for studies published between January 2000 and December 2024. Eligible studies included adults (≥18 years) with FD diagnosed using the Rome criteria. Data were synthesised narratively, and the risk of bias was assessed using ROBIS, RoB 2.0, and ROBINS-I tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria, evaluating seven key dietary categories: FODMAPs/wheat, prebiotics/probiotics, capsaicin, peppermint-caraway and cinnamon oils, herbal therapies, medications, and ginger-based interventions. High-FODMAP foods, gluten, and capsaicin were linked to symptom exacerbation, with some studies noting impaired epithelial barrier function, immune activation, or microbiota alterations. Interventions with anti-inflammatory or microbiota-modulating effects, including probiotics, peppermint-caraway oil, herbal formulations, and ginger-based supplements, were found to mitigate symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings show that specific dietary components can be implicated in inducing inflammation and symptoms in FD. Stress and anxiety might be another triggering factor for FD; hence, we see the utility of antidepressants in some cases. Since the symptoms are related to inflammation in most cases, we propose using 'inflammatory dyspepsia' to represent the true presentation for those patients with inflammation detected in their gastrointestinal mucosa. Large-scale randomised trials are needed to confirm findings and refine dietary guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":12636,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench","volume":"19 1","pages":"e9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13423314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larger fruit consumption helps constipation patients: socioeconomic analysis from 2005 - 2010 NHANES matched cohorts.","authors":"Thanathip Suenghataiphorn, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Narathorn Kulthamrongsri, Kanokphong Suparan, Tuntanut Lohawatcharagul, Natchaya Polpichai, Jerapas Thongpiya","doi":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18i1.2997","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18i1.2997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to utilize a large-scale database to better understand its efficacy in this subpopulation group.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints in the United States whose alleviation often requires multiple interventions and behavioral changes. Fruits are often one of the dietary recommendations for constipated patients, but their efficacy remains mixed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined the nationwide cross-sectional study in the 2006 - 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Patients over 20 years old were stratified into fruit-consumption and non-fruit-consumption groups. We excluded patients who had intestinal disease, colon cancer, celiac disease, and were pregnant. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between fruit intake and constipation status as recorded in the database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 12,192 patients were included in our study. The average age was 50.5, and 49.56% of the population are Caucasians, followed by 26.43% of Hispanics; 9.84% had constipation; and 70.04% had fruit consumption. After adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status, poverty ratio, body mass index, food healthy index, physical activity, supplemental usage, medications, smoking, and alcohol usage, patients who had fruit consumption had a lower odd of constipation (aOR 0.83, 95%CI (0.72, 0.95), p=0.008). Further, patients who had larger fruit intake were likely to be less constipated. Post-propensity score matching revealed similar statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fruit intake, as well larger amount of fruit intake, was associated with lesser odds of constipation. Additional investigations in the fruit subtype, as well as the longitudinal relationship, are required to understand this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":12636,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench","volume":"18 1","pages":"70-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144741955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations among serum levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, and METAVIR fibrosis score in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","authors":"Erdenezaya Odkhuu, Khas Amgalan, Ulzmaa Galsan, Ulzii-Orshikh Namkhai, Badamsuren Dorjgotov, Altantsetseg Battulga, Bat-Erdene Tserendorj, Anarmaa Renchindorj, Bayarsaikhan Ochirchuulgan, Elberelt Unurbat, Suvdaa Bayanzul","doi":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18i3.3168","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18i3.3168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>We evaluated their diagnostic potential compared to histopathology and standard biochemical tests of liver function.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Liver fibrosis is considered a reversible condition, making early diagnosis essential. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -1 and MMP-2 are investigated as parameters for diagnosing fibrosis in chronic liver disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Commercially available ELISA assays were used to study serum levels of MMP-1 and MMP-2 in 50 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fibrosis stages were evaluated using the METAVIR scoring system. Spearman's coefficient analysed correlations of serum levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, and liver biopsy score, and specificity and sensitivity were calculated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MMP-1 levels in fibrosis stage F1 (14.20±3.10 ng/mL) were not significantly different from stage F2 (9.26±2.21 ng/mL) but were higher (p<0.001) than F3 (7.15±1.56 ng/mL) and F4 (4.53±0.62 ng/mL). MMP-2 levels in F1 (68.57±8.22 ng/mL) were similar to F2 (76.31±9.25 ng/mL) but lower (p<0.001) than F3 (103.34±17.59 ng/mL) and F4 (214.24±46.72 ng/mL). Significant differences were seen between mild fibrosis (F1-2) and severe fibrosis/cirrhosis (F3-4) for MMP-1 (p<0.01) and MMP-2 (p<0.001). Correlation analysis revealed a weak inverse correlation for MMP-1 (r=-0.383, p<0.01) and a weak direct correlation for MMP-2 (r=0.392, p<0.01) with fibrosis stages. MMP-2 levels >86.78 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 73.7% and specificity of 61.3% for fibrosis detection, while MMP-1 levels <4.96 ng/mL had a sensitivity of 52.6% and specificity of 32.3%. Using ROC analysis, MMP-2 had significant diagnostic ability in detecting liver fibrosis stages (area under the curve 0.722, p<0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Serum levels of MMP-2 are able to detect liver fibrosis. Despite the limited sample size, these findings support further investigation and potential integration of MMP-2 testing into routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":12636,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench","volume":"18 3","pages":"309-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12535786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patients with RIFTD syndrome cystic fibrosis-like disorder: a report of two sibling cases.","authors":"Farhad Salehzadeh, Faezeh Babazadeh Khoei, Fatemeh Amani, Ali Mardi","doi":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18i3.3155","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18i3.3155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic fibrosis (CF)-like disorders, which present with overlapping clinical features of CF but with distinct genetic causes, are often challenging to diagnose. Recent studies have identified AGR2 mutations as a novel cause of an autosomal recessive disorder resembling CF which is known as RIFTD syndrome (recurrent respiratory infection, failure to thrive with or without diarrhea). We reviewed the clinical, genetic, and imaging findings of two sibling patients presenting with a CF-like phenotype. Sweat chloride testing, chest radiography, and genetic sequencing for AGR2 mutations were performed. We assessed treatment responses and clinical outcomes over a one-year period. The purpose of this report is to describe two siblings of AGR2-related disease to broaden the clinical understanding of this condition and highlight the importance of genetic testing for proper diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12636,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench","volume":"18 3","pages":"361-364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12535780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: evolving classification tools.","authors":"Ramin Rezaeinasab, Mehrsa Askari, Saleheh Khorasani, Mahsa Mohammadi, Amin Sadrazar, Mohsen Rajabnia","doi":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18i3.3166","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18i3.3166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is a fundamental tool for diagnosing and managing digestive diseases. Standardized classification systems have enhanced the consistency, accuracy, and clinical decision-making in endoscopic evaluation. This review explores key classification systems, their applications, and challenges in their implementation (1). A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Medline, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Relevant classification systems for upper GI endoscopy were categorized based on anatomical regions and adverse event reporting. Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted tools were used to refine descriptions of classification criteria, and a structured figure was developed to visually represent these classifications. Major classification systems reviewed include the Los Angeles Classification (2) for reflux esophagitis, Prague Classification (3) for Barrett's esophagus, and the Forrest Classification (4) for peptic ulcer disease. The AGREE Classification (5) was highlighted for its role in adverse event reporting. Advances in high-definition imaging and narrow-band imaging (NBI) (6) have refined these classifications, improving diagnostic precision. However, practical challenges remain, including the complexity of these systems and the need for continuous education among endoscopists (7). Endoscopic classification systems play a crucial role in standardizing the assessment of GI diseases, improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment decisions, and communication among clinicians. As these classifications evolve, their continued refinement and integration into clinical practice will enhance their utility, ensuring consistency in endoscopic evaluations and better patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12636,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench","volume":"18 3","pages":"286-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12535775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145336826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring drug repurposing as a therapeutic strategy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): identification of potential targets and pathways.","authors":"Yalda Khazaei-Poul, Sara Ziayifard, Ava Rashtchian, Abbas Pyriae, Seyed Ali Ziai","doi":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18i2.3071","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18i2.3071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigates drug repurposing as a viable approach identifying existing pharmacological agents that could be applied to NAFLD management.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent and complex liver condition affecting approximately 25% of the global population, with significant links to metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Despite its high burden, no approved therapies currently exist for NAFLD, underscoring the need for effective treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized two publicly available datasets (GSE126848 and GSE130970) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using Cytoscape. Hub and bottleneck (H&B) genes were identified and further analyzed for pathway enrichment using DAVID and KEGG. Drug candidates were identified through the Connectivity Map (CMap) platform, focusing on compounds with counter-gene signatures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathway analysis highlighted critical pathways involved in NAFLD pathogenesis, including the AGE-RAGE and Rap1 signaling pathways. Several promising repurposed drugs, such as WYE-354 and Triciribine, were identified, targeting key mechanisms like lipid metabolism and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that drug repurposing may accelerate the development of effective NAFLD therapies, although further clinical validation is needed to confirm the therapeutic potential of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":12636,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench","volume":"18 2","pages":"230-245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12421938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prevalence and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies.","authors":"Keyvan Heydari, MohamadAli Rahnavard, Sulmaz Ghahramani, Aref Hoseini, Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, Sajjad Rafati, Maede Raei, MohammadAli Vahidipour, Fatemeh Salehi, Farzaneh Motafeghi, Sina Neshat, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Mohammad Yousefi, Ava Pourali, Kimia Rasouli, Shiva Shokrirad, Parisa Lotfi, Seyed-Ahmad Beladi, Mohammad Hadizadeh Neisanghalb, Fateme Sheydaee, Sabra Moghadam","doi":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18i2.3105","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18i2.3105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to systematically review the global epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>IBD is a global concern, and its incidence is rising worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from 1 January 2000 to 14 July 2022 using MeSH keywords. All population-based studies that reported the incidence or prevalence of IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), or ulcerative colitis (UC) were included. Random effect models were applied to combine the prevalence and incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings from 215 studies were analyzed. The global prevalence rates of IBD, CD, and UC were 229.7 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval: 212.4 to 247.0), 84.2 (78.5 to 89.9), and 120.4 (110.5 to 130.3), and the incidence was 9.7 per 100,000 person-years (9.2 to 10.2), 4.0 (3.8 to 4.2), and 5.0 (4.6 to 5.3), respectively. The highest IBD and CD incidence were seen in Oceania (21.3 [12.9 to 29.7] and 12.2 [8.5 to 15.9], respectively), while the highest incidence of UC was reported in North America (9.8 [6.7 to 12.8]). According to the pooled prevalence, Europe had the highest prevalence rates of IBD and UC (348.4 [315.2 to 381.5] and 198.6 [181.6 to 215.6], respectively), whereas Oceania was the continent with the highest CD prevalence (173.6 [151.8 to 195.4]).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings showed that the incidence and prevalence of IBD in both developed and developing nations are mounting. Special focus should be placed on understanding and managing pediatric CD cases, necessitating targeted research and early interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12636,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench","volume":"18 2","pages":"132-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12421925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond gluten: the multifaceted regulation of MHC class II in celiac disease pathogenesis.","authors":"Nastaran Asri, Mohadeseh Mahmoudi Ghehsareh, Armina Assarin, Nooshin Miladi, Hamidreza Houri, Somayeh Jahani-Sherafat, Sajjad Tavakkoli, Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer, Mohammad Rostami-Nejad","doi":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18iSpecialIssue.3207","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ghfbb.v18iSpecialIssue.3207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Celiac disease (CD) is a complex immune-mediated disorder influenced by genetic predispositio and environmental triggers, which human leukocyte antigen <i>(HLA)-DQ2/8</i> playing a central role in disease pathogenesis. Gluten peptides deamidated by tissue transglutaminase 2 (tTG2) bind to CD4⁺ T cells via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, initiating an inflammatory cascade that damages the intestinal mucosa. Although many individuals carry <i>HLA-DQ2/8</i> alleles, only a subset develops CD, suggesting the contribution of additional regulatory factors. This review examines the critical function of the MHC class II transactivator (<i>CIITA</i>) in regulating <i>HLA-DQ</i> expression through post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, and its interactions with histone acetyltransferases (HATs). We highlight how gliadin-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling enhances <i>CIITA</i> activation, thereby amplifying MHC II expression and gluten antigen presentation. Emerging evidence also implicates protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) as a key modulator of interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-driven <i>CIITA</i> expression and a target of tTG-mediated autoimmunity in CD. Moreover, hormonal influences, vitamin D deficiency, and gut microbiota-derived metabolites (e.g., butyrate) may fine-tune MHC II expression, contributing to sex-biased prevalence and geographic variability. Therapeutically, targeting <i>CIITA</i> regulatory nodes could complement gluten-free diets (GFD). By integrating genetic, epigenetic, and environmental perspectives, this review advances our understanding of CD pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12636,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench","volume":"15 SI","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13081426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147941335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}