Frontiers in Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of two different variants in the <i>MAGT1</i> gene on B cell subsets, platelet function, and cell glycome composition.","authors":"Lucía Del Pino Molina, Elena Monzón Manzano, Carla Gianelli, Luz Yadira Bravo Gallego, Javier Bujalance Fernández, Paula Acuña, Yolanda Soto Serrano, Keren Reche Yebra, María Bravo García-Morato, Elena Sánchez Zapardiel, Elena G Arias-Salgado, Rebeca Rodríguez Pena, Nora Butta, Eduardo López Granados","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1547808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1547808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and neoplasia (XMEN) disease is caused by hemizygous loss of function (LOF) gene variants in <i>MAGT1</i>. MAGT1 is a plasma membrane transporter of magnesium (Mg²⁺) that plays a relevant role in immune responses and acts as a second messenger in intracellular signaling, but also it is involved in the glycosylation of proteins. Here we report two gene variants in the <i>MAGT1</i> gene from two different families with XMEN disease. A <i>de novo</i> variant c.97_98 delinsC affecting one member of one family and three members of a second family presented the hemizygous variant c.80``3G>A, p.Trp268Ter, causing a premature stop codon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a functional validation of these two variants in the <i>MAGT1</i> gene and their association with decreased NKG2D expression, uncontrolled EBV viremia, and the development of lymphoma-associated complications in three members of the same family.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed the B-cell compartment, we found that the B-cell expansion is driven by immature/transitional (CD5^- and CD5⁺) and naïve B cells. The patients presented normal absolute counts of memory B-cells (MBCs) but with differences between them in the diversity of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) isotype distribution in MBC, and diverse reduction of plasma cells. We also explored the alterations of platelets due to hemorrhagic events and a history of thrombocytopenia in some of our patients. We found diminished TRAP-induced calcium flux, P-selectin and CD63 exposure in XMEN patients, while when platelets from patients were stimulated ADP the results were similar to healthy controls. Finally, we explored the glycosylation pattern in platelets and lymphocytes. Our results suggest that different variants in <i>MAGT1</i> gene might result in different effects on NK cells and platelet glycome composition.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Here, we report the two different outcomes regarding EBV-driven lymphoproliferative complications, the family with three members affected that developed the malignant lymphoproliferative complications before XMEN diagnosis, and the patient with early diagnose of MAGT1 deficiency due to EBV viremia. As a recommendation, XMEN disease should be ruled out in males with impaired clearance of EBV-infection and EBV-driven lymphoproliferative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1547808"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging immunotherapies in osteosarcoma: from checkpoint blockade to cellular therapies.","authors":"Zhiwei Han, Guomin Chen, Dongchen Wang","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1579822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1579822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteosarcoma remains a highly aggressive bone malignancy with limited therapeutic options, necessitating novel treatment strategies. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach, yet its efficacy in osteosarcoma is hindered by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and resistance mechanisms. This review explores recent advancements in checkpoint blockade, cellular therapies, and combination strategies aimed at enhancing immune responses. We highlight key challenges, including tumor heterogeneity, poor immune infiltration, and the need for predictive biomarkers. By integrating immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, emerging approaches seek to improve treatment outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolving landscape of osteosarcoma immunotherapy, offering insights into future directions and potential breakthroughs. Researchers and clinicians will benefit from understanding these developments, as they pave the way for more effective and personalized therapeutic strategies in osteosarcoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1579822"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11958959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased long-term central memory T cells in patients with retreatment pulmonary tuberculosis.","authors":"Xin Yao, Haomin Cai, Jianxia Chen, Fangyong Yu, Xiaocui Wu, Yarong Shi, Yang Hu, Yuyan Xu, Qinghua Xu, Zhonghua Liu","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1545537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1545537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>T cells are crucial in controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease progression. Nevertheless, the specific functions and changes of T lymphocyte subsets in retreatment tuberculosis remain poorly understand. The study aims to identify the changes in T lymphocyte subsets and the immunoprotective effect of T_CM in retreatment tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We collected venous blood from the participants and assessed using flow cytometry. Univariate analysis and regression model were used to evaluate the changes of T lymphocyte subsets and key subsets in retreatment tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study, while the frequencies of CD4 and CD8 T cells were similar between primary and retreatment patients, retreatment patients exhibited a significant increase in T_CM (<i>P</i> < 0.05), which may represent a protective factor for retreatment (adjusted OR=0.926, 95%CI: 0.860-0.996, <i>P</i> < 0.05) (adjusted OR=0.951, 95%CI: 0.912-0.992, <i>P</i><0.05). Furthermore, T_CM significantly increased in retreatment patients who achieved cure (<i>P</i> < 0.05), though were similar between the cure and no-cure for primary patients; The potentially protective effect of T_CM in patients with repeated infection may possibly contribute by improving the efficacy of retreatment chemotherapy (adjusted OR=0.803, 95%CI: 0.677-0.953, <i>P</i> < 0.05) (adjusted OR=0.890, 95% CI: 0.812-0.976, <i>P</i><0.05), particularly in those with lung injury (adjusted OR=0.780, 95% CI: 0.635-0.957, <i>P</i>< 0.05) (adjusted OR=0.805, 95% CI: 0.660-0.983, <i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Development of adjunct immunotherapies for increasing T_CM responses may improve the efficacy of retreatment tuberculosis with existing and with novel chemotherapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1545537"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11959053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An updated review on immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment strategies, and the role of traditional Chinese medicine.","authors":"Huijing Dong, Yanmei Peng, Xinmeng Wang, Huijuan Cui","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1551445","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1551445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis (irColitis) is a common and severe adverse reaction to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), significantly impacting the treatment outcomes and quality of life of cancer patients. Epidemiological studies indicate that the incidence of irColitis is associated with factors such as the type of ICIs, the patient's gender, age, and medical history. Although the exact pathophysiology remains unclear, irColitis is thought to be related to immune system activation and dysregulation, gut microbiota imbalance, and impaired epithelial barrier function. This review summarized the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and pathogenesis of irColitis. Additionally, the standard and novel therapeutic strategies of irColitis, including corticosteroids, biologics, and gut microbiota interventions, more importantly the potential and application of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Future researches call for deeper mechanistic investigations, the development of biomarkers, and reveal the integration of TCM therapies within individual immunotherapy frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1551445"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pemphigoid disease model systems for clinical translation.","authors":"Marvin Tigges, Sören Dräger, Ilaria Piccini, Katja Bieber, Artem Vorobyev, Janin Edelkamp, Marta Bertolini, Ralf J Ludwig","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1537428","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1537428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pemphigoid diseases constitute a group of organ-specific autoimmune diseases characterized and caused by autoantibodies targeting autoantigens expressed in the skin and mucous membranes. Current therapeutic options are still based on unspecific immunosuppression that is associated with severe adverse events. Biologics, targeting the IL4-pathway or IgE are expected to change the treatment landscape of pemphigoid diseases. However, clinical studies demonstrated that targeting these pathways alone is most likely not sufficient to meet patient and healthcare partitioners expectations. Hence, model systems are needed to identify and validate novel therapeutic targets in pemphigoid diseases. These include pre-clinical animal models, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> model systems, hypothesis-driven drug repurposing, as well as exploitation of real-world-data. In this review, we will highlight the medical need for pemphigoid diseases, and in-depth discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the available pemphigoid disease model systems. Ultimately, we discuss how rapid translation can be achieved for the benefit of the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1537428"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoporosis and fractures in systemic vasculitides: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Angelo Fassio, Alvise Berti, Alessandro Mantovani, Giovanni Adami, Francesco Pollastri, Davide Gatti, Riccardo Bixio, Valeria Messina, Maurizio Rossini, Davide Bertelle, Eugenia Bertoldo, Isotta Galvagni, Roberto Bortolotti, Ombretta Viapiana","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1545546","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1545546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies aimed at investigating the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in subjects affected by systemic vasculitides (SVs) as well as to explore their risk of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures when compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed were systematically searched from inception to February 2024 for observational studies investigating the prevalence of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in adults with SVs. In addition, when available, we assessed the odd ratios (OR) of prevalent osteoporosis and fragility fractures amongst subjects with SVs vs. healthy controls. Data from eligible studies were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to obtain ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were also performed. This study was registered in Open Science Framework (DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/3G7RJ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty studies with 23,358 individuals affected by SVs were included. The overall prevalence of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in the SV patients were respectively 14.64% (95%CI 12.21-18.89), and 17.08% (95%CI 11.42-24.78). The ORs for osteoporosis and fragility fractures in SV patients when compared with healthy controls were 2.92 (95%CI 1.72-4.98) and 2.39 (95%CI 1.34-4.26) respectively. The univariable meta-regression analysis showed a significant association between cumulative glucocorticoids' dosage (total grams) and risk of prevalent osteoporosis (estimate = 0.0995, R² = 0.24, p=0.0194).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SVs are associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis and fragility fractures, suggesting that active vigilance and pre-emptive screening are recommended.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-3g7rj-v1.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1545546"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: The next stage of immune cell design: selective targeting of multi-antigen profiles.","authors":"Alexander Kamb, Jackson G Egen","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1585904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1585904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1585904"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the human gut microbiota: an emerging frontier in combatting multidrug-resistant bacteria.","authors":"Wenwen Ding, Yiwen Cheng, Xia Liu, Zhangcheng Zhu, Lingbin Wu, Jie Gao, Wenhui Lei, Yating Li, Xin Zhou, Jian Wu, Yongtao Gao, Zongxin Ling, Ruilai Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1563450","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1563450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major and escalating global health threat, undermining the effectiveness of current antibiotic and antimicrobial therapies. The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria has led to increasingly difficult-to-treat infections, resulting in higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Tackling this crisis requires the development of novel antimicrobial agents, optimization of current therapeutic strategies, and global initiatives in infection surveillance and control. Recent studies highlight the crucial role of the human gut microbiota in defending against AMR pathogens. A balanced microbiota protects the body through mechanisms such as colonization resistance, positioning it as a key ally in the fight against AMR. In contrast, gut dysbiosis disrupts this defense, thereby facilitating the persistence, colonization, and dissemination of resistant pathogens. This review will explore how gut microbiota influence drug-resistant bacterial infections, its involvement in various types of AMR-related infections, and the potential for novel microbiota-targeted therapies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, prebiotics, probiotics, phage therapy. Elucidating the interactions between gut microbiota and AMR pathogens will provide critical insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat AMR infections. While previous reviews have focused on the general impact of the microbiota on human health, this review will specifically look at the latest research on the interactions between the gut microbiota and the evolution and spread of AMR, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1563450"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated multi-omics landscape of non-small cell lung cancer with distant metastasis.","authors":"Teng He, Ting Jiang, Xiaoyuan Sun, Fang Yang, Dan Zhang, Shan Yao, Jiangrong Liao, Xueling Wu","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1560724","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1560724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Distant metastasis is one of the important factors affecting the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of cancer. However, it is currently unclear whether EVs in BALF are involved in distant tumor metastasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>we collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with metastatic and non-metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to isolate exosomes, which were then characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), followed by comprehensive metabolomic and proteomic analysis to ultimately construct a distant metastasis prediction model for non-small cell lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our research has found that the BALF of NSCLC patients is rich in EVs, which have typical morphology and size. There are significant differences in protein expression and metabolite types between patients with distant metastasis and those without distant metastasis. Sphingolipid metabolism pathways may be a key factor influencing distant metastasis in NSCLC. Subsequently, we constructed a predictive model for distant metastasis in NSCLC based on differentially expressed proteins identified by proteomics. This model has been proven to have high predictive value.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The multi-omic analysis generated in this study provided a global overview of the molecular changes, which may provide useful insight into the therapy and prognosis of NSCLC metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1560724"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11956740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T-cell receptors identified by a personalized antigen-agnostic screening approach target shared neoantigen KRAS Q61H.","authors":"Volker Lennerz, Christoph Doppler, Martina Fatho, Anja Dröge, Sigrid Schaper, Kristin Gennermann, Nadine Genzel, Stephanie Plassmann, David Weismann, Samuel W Lukowski, Dominik Bents, Christina Beushausen, Karen Kriese, Hermann Herbst, Volkhard Seitz, Rudolf Hammer, Paul J Adam, Stephan Eggeling, Catherine Wölfel, Thomas Wölfel, Steffen Hennig","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1509855","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1509855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with TCR-engineered T-cells represents a promising alternative to TIL- or CAR-T therapies for patients with advanced solid cancers. Currently, selection of therapeutic TCRs critically depends on knowing the target antigens, a condition excluding most patients from treatment. Direct antigen-agnostic identification of tumor-specific T-cell clonotypes and TCR-T manufacturing using their TCRs can advance ACT for patients with aggressive solid cancers. We present a method to identify tumor-specific clonotypes from surgical specimens by comparing TCRβ-chain repertoires of TILs and adjacent tissue-resident lymphocytes. In six out of seven NSCLC-patients analyzed, our selection of tumor-specific clonotypes based on TIL-abundance and high tumor-to-nontumor frequency ratios was confirmed by gene expression signatures determined by scRNA-Seq. In three patients, we demonstrated that predicted tumor-specific clonotypes reacted against autologous tumors. For one of these patients, we engineered TCR-T cells with four candidate tumor-specific TCRs that showed reactivity against the patient's tumor and HLA-matched NSCLC cell lines. The TCR-T cells were then used to screen for candidate neoantigens and aberrantly expressed antigens. Three TCRs recognized recurrent driver-mutation KRAS Q61H-peptide ILDTAG<b>H</b>EEY presented by HLA-A*01:01. The TCRs were also dominant in a tumor relapse, one was found in cell free DNA. The finding of homologous TCRs in independent KRAS Q61H-positive cancers suggests a therapeutic opportunity for HLA-matched patients with KRAS Q61H-expressing tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1509855"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}