Frontiers in Immunology最新文献

{"title":"DKA with negative DM-autoantibodies, complicated by GBS and RESLES: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Nan Tian, Yanwen Yang, Qiang Liu, Zeli Ma, Ying Wang, Xuan Li, Xu Wang, Yanzi Jin, Rong Chen, Yajun Li, Fenkui She, Fenglin Mou, Qing Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1597365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1597365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune-mediated disorder characterized by acute, multifocal peripheral neuropathies, typically triggered by infections, autoimmune diseases, or immunosuppressive therapies. In this report, we describe a patient newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), who presented with negative insulin-related autoantibodies and no identifiable infectious etiology. It is suggested that DKA may independently contribute to the development of GBS. Additionally, DKA can lead to the reversible splenial lesion syndrome (RESLES). We present a case of GBS with atypical features consistent with the acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) variant.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1597365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunological and nutritional perspectives on macromolecular therapies for thoracic tumors.","authors":"Hao Rong, Min Zheng, YunXiang Qi, Ke Ma","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1651482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1651482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thoracic tumors have high incidence and mortality rates, and present poor prognosis due to the limited efficacy of traditional therapies. Macromolecular drugs such as monoclonal antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have shown promise for the treatment of lung cancer, breast cancer, and esophageal cancer. Different combinations of immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy have significantly improved the survival indicators of patients with thoracic tumors. Nevertheless, these combination treatment regimens have safety issues such as immune-related adverse reactions and hematological toxicity. The development of novel macromolecular drugs also faces challenges related to optimizing the affinity of antibodies, and improving the design of linkers and delivery carriers. Furthermore, the clinical application of these drugs is restricted by tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and exorbitant prices, along with ethical concerns and difficulties in obtaining in regulatory approval. However, macromolecular drugs present significant potential in technological innovation, combination therapy, and personalized treatment, which is expected to drive market development, improve patients' quality of life, and reduce the socioeconomic burden of cancer. This review focuses on the application of novel macromolecular drugs for the treatment of thoracic tumors, with the aim of providing a reference for further research and clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1651482"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled human malaria infection with NF54 and 7G8 strains elicit differential antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum peptides.","authors":"DeAnna J Friedman-Klabanoff, Travis L Jensen, Kirsten E Lyke, Matthew B Laurens, Joana C Silva, Emily M Stucke, Amed Ouattara, Olukemi O Ifeonu, Theresa Hodges, Kara A Moser, Casey E Gelber, Johannes B Goll, Stephen L Hoffman, Jigar J Patel, Richard S Pinapati, John C Tan, Gregory A Deye, Shannon Takala-Harrison, Mark A Travassos, Andrea A Berry","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1641280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1641280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extensive <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> genetic diversity plays a role in immune evasion, and antibody responses can be strain-specific or broadly reactive depending on the epitope. Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) allows investigation of immune responses to variant parasite proteins after a single infection with a known strain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We designed a novel diversity-reflecting peptide microarray containing 638,817 unique peptides representing 22,655 variants of 227 proteins from 23 P<i>. falciparum</i> genome assemblies and 379 field isolates. Using this array, we probed sera from 38 malaria naïve adults before and 28 days after CHMI with one of two genetically distinct <i>P. falciparum</i> strains, NF54 (n = 21) or 7G8 (n = 17). We examined fold-increase in antibody response (intensity) and cross-reactivity to protein variants (breadth). ABCPred was used to predict linear epitopes for all 227 proteins. We used MEME to identify enriched motifs in regions of high intensity or breadth, which were presumed to be potential epitopes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While the two CHMI groups had similar intensity of responses to all proteins on the array, 20 proteins on the array had differential breadth of responses and participants infected with 7G8 strain had a higher breadth of responses to 17 of them. Of 543 ABCPred-predicted epitopes, 66 overlapped with MEME-identified epitopes, six of which were highly cross-reactive with >95% of peptide variants serorecognized by at least one CHMI group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Overall, we found most antibody responses to be comparable after infection with the NF54 strain or 7G8 strain, but we saw notable differences for ~10% of proteins on the array. While many MEME-identified epitopes from highly cross-reactive proteins were asparagine rich, an epitope from PF3D7_1033200 (ETRAMP10.2) was not. Highly cross-reactive responses to ETRAMP10.2 could be further characterized and ETRAMP10.2 could be considered for inclusion in a next generation vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1641280"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: unveiling the role of aberrant CD4⁺ T cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine networks.","authors":"Shubham K Shaw, Soumya Sengupta, Rohila Jha, Chandrasekhar Pattanaik, Harapriya Behera, Prakash K Barik, Dayanidhi Meher, Rajlaxmi Sarangi, Satish Devadas","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1603484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1603484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the causal or casual relation between dysregulated glucose metabolism and meta-inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and more importantly the mediators and cellular sources for this meta-inflammation. We examined whether T2DM meta-inflammation is driven by aberrant, inflamed T-helper cells and if there was a direct link to HbA1c levels. Flow cytometry data revealed TNF-α-secreting effector CD4⁺ T cells as key contributors to inflammation, while memory T cells secreting GM-CSF and IL-17 escalated and maintained meta-inflammation. Crucially, these cytokines were present even in the \"resting CD4⁺ T cells,\" reflecting an aberrant, low-grade, chronically activated, and inflamed immune system. Significantly, higher antibody isotype levels further substantiated these findings as proof of concept for sustained and inflamed APC-T cell-B cell nexus. while reduced IL-10 levels reflected a shift towards pro-inflammatory bias. Functional assays, phospho-protein expression, <i>ex-vivo</i> inhibitor studies, and confocal microscopy confirmed that basal meta-inflammation in T2DM is exclusively mediated by multiple T-helper cell phenotypes via the TNF-α/STAT-3-signaling axis. Plasma cytokine and antibody isotyping were profiled using multiplex immunoassays from undiluted plasma. Taken together, these findings suggest that unchecked cytokine secretion, inflamed T-helper subsets, unwarranted antibody isotypes, and so forth, may contribute to organ damage by further amplifying innate and adaptive immune responses. Monitoring inflammatory cytokines, antibody isotypes, and T-helper cell subsets could significantly mitigate organ damage in T2DM, offering a more comprehensive approach to disease management. Thus, this study highlights the importance of not only achieving metabolic control during T2DM treatment but also monitoring and regulating immune homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1603484"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TNFSF14 (LIGHT) in intestinal inflammation: balancing immune activation and resolution in IBD.","authors":"Rabia S Mousa, Pietro Invernizzi, Joanne L Jones, Hani S Mousa","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1657071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1657071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is an umbrella term used to describe a group of autoimmune conditions characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The tumour necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), also known as LIGHT, is a pleiotropic cytokine with diverse roles in immune regulation. Here, we review the multifaceted involvement of LIGHT in intestinal inflammation, particularly its dual capacity to both promote immune activation and facilitate inflammation resolution in the context of IBD. We explore the molecular mechanisms of LIGHT signalling through its receptors, Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM) and Lymphotoxin-β Receptor (LTβR), and how these distinct interactions dictate its pro-inflammatory or regulatory functions. Finally, we review the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway, highlighting the results of recent clinical trials and exploring future strategies aimed at restoring immune homeostasis in patients with IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1657071"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Characteristics and immunoprotective functions of three cysteine proteases from <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i>.","authors":"Yunliang Shi, Xiaoqin Li, Kai Liang, Ting Lu, Yu Chen, Yashi Lai, Yaoting Li, Shuai Wei, Shanshan He, Lili Tang, Dengyu Liu, Yanwen Li","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1663826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1663826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1550775.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1663826"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: An unexpected case of tumor regression in blue nevus melanoma following COVID-19 infection.","authors":"Yadriel Bracero, Emily Nghiem, Ajay K Singh, Divya B Kenchappa, Rachel Berglas, Shabnam Fidvi, Chaoyuan Kuang, Katia Papalezova, Beth McLellan, Bijal Amin, Yvonne M Saenger","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1658609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1658609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blue nevus is a benign melanocytic lesion that appears as a blue or dark mole due to the presence of melanin deep within the skin. In rare cases melanoma can arise from this association with blue nevus, and entity termed blue nevus melanoma (BNM). BNM most frequently occurs on the scalp and is an aggressive subtype of melanoma which has the tendency to metastasize. Similar to acral melanoma, BNM has a distinct genetic profile, is less linked to sun exposure, and has an equal incidence in patients of European and non-European ancestry. It is also less responsive to immunotherapy. This case report describes a diagnosis of blue nevus-related scalp melanoma characterized by GNA11 mutation in a 50-year-old female Hispanic patient, with a tumor refractory to multiple courses of combination immunotherapy who developed metastases to the liver and underwent microwave ablation of the hepatic lesions. Her disease course was complicated by hospitalization for infection with coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and autoimmune hepatitis. Months after being discharged, surveillance imaging revealed a decrease in size of the existing lesions without additional therapeutic intervention. While this unusual response can be attributed to multiple factors, this observation aligns with emerging reports suggesting potential tumor remission associated with COVID-19 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1658609"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The crosstalk of caveolin-1 and autophagy in different diseases.","authors":"Yuting Yang, Qiqi Ma, Mei Yang, Ruixue Wei, Zhiguo Wang, Chunmeng Jiang, Hui Liu, Mei Han","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1648757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1648757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an important structural protein that constitutes the caveolae on the cell membrane. Cav-1 is expressed in various cells, especially in white adipocytes and endothelial cells. Cav-1 plays an important physiological role in regulating substance transport, signal transduction, and multiple metabolic pathways in the body. Autophagy degrades damaged organelles within cells and recycles them, thus playing an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the internal environment. Previous studies have found that Cav-1 is involved in the occurrence and development of multiple systemic diseases by regulating autophagy. In addition, autophagy can also affect the expression level of Cav-1 by degrading it. Therefore, there is a close regulatory relationship between Cav-1 and autophagy. Based on recent research progress, this article provides a detailed overview of the importance of the crosstalk between Cav-1 and autophagy in various systemic diseases such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive systems. It aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between Cav-1 and autophagy, in order to promote further research and achieve clinical applications as soon as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1648757"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diverse <i>N</i>-glycosylation profiles of CD4⁺CD25^- and CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.","authors":"Sara Trzos, Marta Szewczyk, Paweł Link-Lenczowski, Grzegorz Sokołowski, Małgorzata Trofimiuk-Müldner, Katarzyna Bocian, Ewa Pocheć","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1633344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1633344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune diseases, characterized by chronic thyroid gland inflammation. Helper T (Th) CD4⁺ cells, whose surface receptors are highly glycosylated, are involved in the pathomechanism of HT. Our study aimed to characterize <i>N</i>-glycosylation profiles in two pools of CD4⁺ T cells, defined by the expression of CD25⁺ late activation marker (CD4⁺CD25⁺) and CD25-negative cells (CD4⁺CD25^-) in HT. Two study groups were recruited: HT1 with elevated thyroid autoantibodies and TSH level within the normal range without hypothyroidism, and HT2, hypothyroid HT patients, adequately metabolically controlled while on L-thyroxine replacement therapy, and healthy subjects to the control group (CTR). <i>N</i>-glycans from CD4⁺ cell proteins, released using <i>N</i>-glycosidase F, were analyzed by MALDI-Tof mass spectrometry. RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of selected glycogenes. We found significant differences in the glycome of CD4⁺CD25^- and CD4⁺CD25⁺ cells. In homeostasis (CTR), a predominance of complex-type glycans was observed in CD4⁺CD25^- cells, whereas the oligomannose-type structures prevail in CD4⁺CD25⁺ lymphocytes. In autoimmunity and progressive thyroid dysfunction, the rearrangement of <i>N</i>-glycans in Th cells was observed, in opposite directions in the CD4⁺ pools. Complex-type structures are replaced by oligomannose forms in CD4⁺CD25^- in the HT1 group, while in HT2, a restoration of glycosylation profile to the level of CTR was detected. CD4⁺CD25⁺ cells accelerated complex-type synthesis in HT1, which was normalized in HT2 patients. Changes in the profile of <i>N</i>-linked glycans are partially reflected in the expression of mannosidases and glycosyltransferases. Our study demonstrates for the first time the diverse <i>N</i>-glycosylation profiles in CD4⁺CD25^- and CD4⁺CD25⁺ cells, and the rearrangement of <i>N</i>-glycan structures specific for each pool of Th cells in HT. Further studies are needed to determine the functional aspect of the identified <i>N</i>-glycosylation changes during thyroid autoimmunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1633344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and quantitative CT features of anterior mediastinal lesions in TAFRO syndrome and idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease.","authors":"Lamiaa Mohamed, Masataka Umeda, Shin Tsutsui, Ryo Toya, Ayaka Umetsu, Mizuna Otsuka, Yushiro Endo, Toshimasa Shimizu, Shoichi Fukui, Remi Sumiyoshi, Atsushi Kawakami, Tomohiro Koga","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2025.1656489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1656489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the diagnostic challenges of TAFRO syndrome and idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD), focusing on the usefulness of anterior mediastinal lesions for distinguishing the disease subtypes. A comparative analysis using computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed for three patient groups: TAFRO without iMCD/iMCD-TAFRO (n=13), iMCD-idiopathic plasmacytic lymphadenopathy (IPL)- not otherwise specified (NOS) (n=16), and IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) (n=59). Lesions were categorized into increased fat density, micronodular opacity, and mass. The lesions' CT attenuation values were compared, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses assessed their diagnostic relevance. Anterior mediastinal lesions were most frequent in the TAFRO without iMCD/iMCD-TAFRO group (85%) compared to the iMCD-IPL/NOS group (31%) and IgG4-RD group (6.8%). Distinct patterns such as increased fat density were predominantly observed in the TAFRO without iMCD/iMCD-TAFRO group. The CT values showed significant intergroup differences, with ROC analyses confirming high diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing the TAFRO without iMCD/iMCD-TAFRO group from the other groups. Post-treatment, all patients with TAFRO without iMCD/iMCD-TAFRO showed improvement in CT readings, whereas only half of the patients with iMCD-NOS group showed changes. These findings emphasize the importance of CT-detected anterior mediastinal lesions in the diagnosis of TAFRO without iMCD/iMCD-TAFRO and warrant further research to validate these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1656489"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12477180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}