Frontiers in Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Jiaguo Huang, Li Lin, Dikai Mao, Runmiao Hua, Feifei Guan","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1464635","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1464635","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The predictive accuracy of the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) on the prognosis of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy (BCG) after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) remains unknown. Therefore, the current study performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between preoperative NLR and the prognosis of patients with NMIBC with intravesical BCG immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases from their inception to 14 May 2024. The role of NLR in predicting recurrence and progression in NMIBC was determined using pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven articles were included in this meta-analysis, involving 4,187 patients. An elevated NLR was significantly associated with recurrence (HR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.34-5.32, <i>P</i> < 0.001) and progression (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.13-2.60, <i>P</i> = 0.004) in patients with NMIBC with intravesical BCG immunotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated preoperative NLR levels were significantly associated with recurrence and disease progression in patients with NMIBC who underwent intravesical BCG immunotherapy after TURBT.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-7-0058/, identifier 202470058.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic implications of a CD8⁺ T_EMRA to CD4⁺T_reg imbalance in mandibular fracture healing: a prospective analysis of immune profiles.","authors":"Jan Oliver Voss, Fabio Pivetta, Aboelyazid Elkilany, Katharina Schmidt-Bleek, Georg N Duda, Kento Odaka, Ioanna Maria Dimitriou, Melanie Jasmin Ort, Mathias Streitz, Max Heiland, Steffen Koerdt, Simon Reinke, Sven Geissler","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1476009","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1476009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Open reduction and fixation are the standard of care for treating mandibular fractures and usually lead to successful healing. However, complications such as delayed healing, non-union, and infection can compromise patient outcomes and increase healthcare costs. The initial inflammatory response, particularly the response involving specific CD8⁺ T cell subpopulations, is thought to play a critical role in healing long bone fractures. In this study, we investigated the role of these immune cell profiles in patients with impaired healing of mandibular fractures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this prospective study, we included patients with mandibular fractures surgically treated at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, between September 2020 and December 2022. We used follow-up imaging and clinical assessment to evaluate bone healing. In addition, we analyzed immune cell profiles using flow cytometry and quantified cytokine levels using electrochemiluminescence-based multiplex immunoassays in preoperative blood samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 55 patients enrolled, 38 met the inclusion criteria (30 men and 8 women; mean age 32.18 years). Radiographic evaluation revealed 31 cases of normal healing and 7 cases of incomplete consolidation, including 1 case of non-union. Patients with impaired healing exhibited increased levels of terminally differentiated effector memory CD8⁺ T cells (T_EMRA) and a higher T_EMRA to regulatory T cell (T_reg) ratio, compared with those with normal healing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analysis of mandibular fracture cases confirms our initial hypothesis derived from long bone fracture healing: monitoring the T_EMRA to T_reg ratio in preoperative blood can be an early indicator of patients at risk of impaired bone healing. Radiologic follow-up enabled us to detect healing complications that might not be detected by clinical assessment only. This study highlights the potential of individual immune profiles to predict successful healing and may form the basis for future strategies to manage healing complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism underlying B-cell developmental dysfunction in Kawasaki disease based on single-cell transcriptomic sequencing.","authors":"Qiuping Lin, Zhen Wang, Guohui Ding, Guang Li, Liqin Chen, Qingzhu Qiu, Sirui Song, Wei Liu, Xunwei Jiang, Min Huang, Libing Shen, Tingting Xiao, Lijian Xie","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1438640","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1438640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis that can lead to acquired heart disease in children mostly from in developed countries. The previous research showed that B cells in KD patients underwent a profound change in both the cell numbers and types after intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed the single-cell RNA-sequencing for the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three febrile patients and three KD patients to investigate the possible mechanism underlying B cell developmental dysfunction in KD. The pseudo-time analysis was employed to study the developmental trajectories of the PBMCs in febrile control and KD patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall single-cell expression profiles show that the biological processes of immunity, B cell activation pathway and their related biological entities are repressed in KD patients before IVIG treatment compared to febrile patient and KD patients after IVIG treatment. The differentially expressed gene analyses further demonstrate that B cell signaling pathway is downregulated in B cells and plasma blast cells of KD patients before treatment while cell cycle genes and MYC gene are upregulated in dendritic cells (DCs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) of KD patients before treatment. The biological process of immune response is upregulated in the HSPCs of KD patients before treatment in our dataset while the biological process of inflammatory response is upregulated in the HSPCs of KD patients before treatment in GSE168732 dataset. Single-cell trajectory analyses demonstrate that KD patients before treatment have a shortened developmental path in which B cells and T cells are failed to differentiate into separate lineages. HSPD1 and HSPE1 genes show an elevated expression level in the early cell development stage of KD patients before treatment accompanied with the repression of MYC, SPI1, MT2A and UBE2C genes. Our analyses of all B cells from KD patients before treatment show most of B cells are arrested in a transitional state with an ill developmental path compared with febrile patients and KD patients after treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicate that the immune premature HSPCs accompanied with the abnormal expression dynamics of cell cycle and SPI1 genes are the mechanism underlying B cell developmental dysfunction in KD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of a one-step membrane technique for the treatment of large bone defects by pre-seeding the membrane with CD8 lymphocyte depleted bone marrow mononuclear cells in a rat femoral defect model.","authors":"Marissa Penna-Martinez, Andreas Kammerer, Pia Stützle, Sabatian Fees, Savina Behr, Inna Schaible, Katrin Schröder, René Danilo Verboket, Jonas Neijhoft, Ingo Marzi, Christoph Nau, Dirk Henrich","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1488611","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1488611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The one-step membrane technique, using a human acellular dermal matrix (hADM), is an experimental method for treating large bone defects. This eliminates the need for the Masquelet membrane induction step, shortening the procedure while maintaining effectiveness. However, previous studies showed that colonizing hADM with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMC) worsens healing, likely due to the presence of CD8+ lymphocytes, which negatively affect bone regeneration. This study aims to investigate whether the negative impact of BMC on bone healing in this technique is due to the CD8+ cell population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A 5 mm femoral defect was created in 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into three groups (G1-G3). BMC were isolated from syngenic donor rats, with CD8+ lymphocytes removed magnetically from the BMC fraction in one group. The defects were filled with bone chips and wrapped with differently treated hADM: G1 received native hADM, G2 received hADM+BMC, and G3 received hADM+BMC-CD8. After 8 weeks, the femurs were evaluated through radiological, biomechanical, and histological examinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bone defects and bone mineral density (BMD) were significantly improved in G3 (hADM+BMC-CD8) compared to G2 (hADM+BMC). Bone volume, bone formation, and median bending stiffness were higher in G3. Immunohistological analysis showed a significant decrease in CD8 cell count in G3, with a lower percentage of IFNγ-producing cells compared to G2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Depleting CD8+ cells from BMC before colonizing hADM significantly improved bone healing, likely due to changes in the local mediator environment. This suggests that preoperative colonization with CD8+-depleted BMC could enhance the one-step membrane technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive single-cell and bulk transcriptomic analyses to develop an NK cell-derived gene signature for prognostic assessment and precision medicine in breast cancer.","authors":"Qianshan Hou, Chunzhen Li, Yuhui Chong, Haofeng Yin, Yuchen Guo, Lanjie Yang, Tianliang Li, Shulei Yin","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1460607","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1460607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Natural killer (NK) cells play crucial roles in mediating anti-cancer activity in breast cancer (BRCA). However, the potential of NK cell-related molecules in predicting BRCA outcomes and guiding personalized therapy remains largely unexplored. This study focused on developing a prognostic and therapeutic prediction model for BRCA by incorporating NK cell-related genes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data analyzed primarily originated from the TCGA and GEO databases. The prognostic role of NK cells was evaluated, and marker genes of NK cells were identified via single-cell analysis. Module genes closely associated with immunotherapy resistance were identified by bulk transcriptome-based weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Following taking intersection and LASSO regression, NK-related genes (NKRGs) relevant to BRCA prognosis were screened, and the NK-related prognostic signature was subsequently constructed. Analyses were further expanded to clinicopathological relevance, GSEA, tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis, immune function, immunotherapy responsiveness, and chemotherapeutics. Key NKRGs were screened by machine learning and validated by spatial transcriptomics (ST) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tumor-infiltrating NK cells are a favorable prognostic factor in BRCA. By combining scRNA-seq and bulk transcriptomic analyses, we identified 7 NK-related prognostic NKRGs (CCL5, EFHD2, KLRB1, C1S, SOCS3, IRF1, and CCND2) and developed an NK-related risk scoring (NKRS) system. The prognostic reliability of NKRS was verified through survival and clinical relevance analyses across multiple cohorts. NKRS also demonstrated robust predictive power in various aspects, including TME landscape, immune functions, immunotherapy responses, and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Additionally, KLRB1 and CCND2 emerged as key prognostic NKRGs identified through machine learning and external validation, with their expression correlation with NK cells confirmed in BRCA specimens by ST and IHC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We developed a novel NK-related gene signature that has proven valuable for evaluating prognosis and treatment response in BRCA, expecting to advance precision medicine of BRCA.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and modular intricacies of precision oncology.","authors":"Ravneet Chhabra","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1476494","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1476494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Precision medicine is revolutionizing the world in combating different disease modalities, including cancer. The concept of personalized treatments is not new, but modeling it into a reality has faced various limitations. The last decade has seen significant improvements in incorporating several novel tools, scientific innovations and governmental support in precision oncology. However, the socio-economic factors and risk-benefit analyses are important considerations. This mini review includes a summary of some commendable milestones, which are not just a series of successes, but also a cautious outlook to the challenges and practical implications of the advancing techno-medical era.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculated globulin can be used as a screening test for antibody deficiency in children and adolescents.","authors":"Cristina Frias Sartorelli de Toledo Piza, Carolina Sanchez Aranda, Dirceu Solé, Stephen Jolles, Antonio Condino-Neto","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1495564","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1495564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Calculated globulin (CG, total protein minus albumin levels) correlate well with IgG levels and has been proposed as a suitable screening method for individuals with primary antibody deficiencies (PADs). We aimed to show the correlation of CG with IgG levels in children and adolescents, utilizing a common method for albumin measurement, bromocresol green.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals from two Allergy and Immunology clinics were invited to participate. Inclusion criteria were age < 18, stable conditions, and signed informed consent. We included 1084 individuals. Immunoglobulin G values were determined by immunoturbidimetry; the colorimetric bromocresol green method and the Architect Biuret method were utilized for the albumin and total protein (TP) measurements, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1084 individuals were included in the analysis and divided into 4 age groups (0 to <1 year, 1 to <4 years, 4 to <10 years, and 10 to <18 years). For all patients, the mean age was 6.1 (± 5) years old, the mean IgG was 9.4 (± 4.7) g/L, and CG was 23.7 (± 5.9) g/L. The most frequent diagnosis were respiratory allergies, followed by inborn errors of immunity. IgG and CG varied according to age group. Cutoff values for hypogammaglobulinemia varied from 13.8 g/L in children < 1 year to 23.1 g/L in children and adolescents aged 10 to <18 years. CG sensitivity varied from 70.9% in children aged 1 to <4 years old to 95.8% in children 4 to <10. Specificity ranged from 87.5% in children 4 to <10 years old to 100% in children and adolescents aged 10 to <18 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CG is a suitable screening test for hypogammaglobulinemia in children less than 18 years of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PD-1 immunology in the kidneys: a growing relationship.","authors":"Ruyue Chen, Qiang Lin, Hanyun Tang, Xiaomei Dai, Lu Jiang, Ningxun Cui, Xiaozhong Li","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1458209","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1458209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, knowledge regarding immune regulation has expanded rapidly, and major advancements have been made in immunotherapy for immune-associated disorders, particularly cancer. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway is a cornerstone in immune regulation. It comprises PD-1 and its ligands mediating immune tolerance mechanisms and immune homeostasis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the PD-1 axis has a crucial immunosuppressive role in the tumor microenvironment and autoimmune diseases. PD-1 receptors and ligands on immune cells and renal parenchymal cells aid in maintaining immunological homeostasis in the kidneys. Here, we present a comprehensive review of PD-1 immunology in various kidney disorders, including renal cell carcinoma, glomerulonephritis, kidney transplantation, renal aging, and renal immune-related adverse events secondary to PD-1 immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyroptosis regulation by <i>Salmonella</i> effectors.","authors":"Yuan Meng, Qianjin Zhang, Mengen Xu, Ke Ding, Zuhua Yu, Jing Li","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1464858","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1464858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus <i>Salmonella</i> contains the most common foodborne pathogens frequently isolated from food-producing animals and is responsible for zoonotic infections in humans and animals. <i>Salmonella</i> infection in humans and animals can cause intestinal damage, resulting in intestinal inflammation and disruption of intestinal homeostasis more severe cases can lead to bacteremia. Pyroptosis, a proinflammatory form of programmed cell death, is involved in many disease processes. Inflammasomes, pyroptosis, along with their respective signaling cascades, are instrumental in the preservation of intestinal homeostasis. In recent years, with the in-depth study of pyroptosis, our comprehension of the virulence factors and effector proteins in <i>Salmonella</i> has reached an extensive level, a deficit persists in our knowledge regarding the intrinsic pathogenic mechanisms about pyroptosis, necessitating a continued pursuit of understanding and investigation. In this review, we discuss the occurrence of pyroptosis induced by <i>Salmonella</i> effectors to provide new ideas for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms through which <i>Salmonella</i> virulence factors and effector proteins trigger pyroptosis could pave the way for novel concepts and strategies in the clinical prevention of <i>Salmonella</i> infections and the treatment of associated diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142592503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of immunoglobulin products in influencing seasonal influenza infection and severity in antibody immune deficiency patients receiving immunoglobulin replacement therapy.","authors":"Mark Ballow, Raúl Ortiz-de-Lejarazu, Isabella Quinti, Matthew S Miller, Klaus Warnatz","doi":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1452106","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fimmu.2024.1452106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seasonal and pandemic influenza infection present a potential threat to patients with antibody deficiency. The acceptance and effect of the current recommendation for annual vaccination against influenza for patients with antibody deficiency is not well investigated and due to antigenic drift or shift the protective capacity of regular IgG replacement therapy (IgRT) is considered low. This narrative review considers the effect of influenza vaccination in immunodeficient patients and discusses available information on the effect of immunoglobulin products on seasonal influenza infectivity and severity in antibody deficiency patients receiving IgRT. The humoral immune response to seasonal influenza vaccination is reduced in patients with antibody immune deficiency. However, there is no evidence that the proportion of patients with primary antibody deficiency who develop influenza illness, and the severity of such illness, is increased when compared with the general population. The IgRT that patients receive has been shown to contain neutralizing antibodies as a consequence of past flu infections against both the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface proteins and other viral internal proteins of different influenza A virus strains. Studies have demonstrated not only significant levels of specific but also cross-reactive antibodies against seasonal influenza virus strains. Thus, despite the yearly changes in influenza viral antigenicity that occur, IgRT could potentially contribute to the protection of patients against seasonal influenza. Currently, only limited clinical data are available confirming a preventative effect of IgRT with respect to seasonal influenza infection. In conclusion, there is some evidence that IgRT could contribute to protection against seasonal influenza in patients with antibody-related immunodeficiency. However, additional clinical data are needed to confirm the extent and relevance of this protection and identify the main responsible virus targets of that protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":12622,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11534824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142582517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}