General and comparative endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Mechanistic study of transcription factor Sox18 during heart development","authors":"Jianxin Liang ,&nbsp;Imtiaz Ul Hassan ,&nbsp;Man Yee Cheung ,&nbsp;Lei Feng ,&nbsp;Yi-jyun Lin ,&nbsp;Qi Long ,&nbsp;Chengdong Wang ,&nbsp;Yuyue Ding ,&nbsp;Ziqing Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yulong Li ,&nbsp;Donghao Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Guo ,&nbsp;Thomas Chi Bun Wong ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kaleem Samma ,&nbsp;Zixin Rong ,&nbsp;Xufeng Qi ,&nbsp;Dongqing Cai ,&nbsp;Sai-Ming Ngai ,&nbsp;Hui Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heart development is a delicate and complex process regulated by coordination of various signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of <em>sox18</em> in heart development by modulating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathways. Our spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that <em>sox18</em> is mainly expressed in the heart, branchial arch, pharyngeal arch, spinal cord, and intersegmental vessels at the tailbud stage of <em>Xenopus tropicalis</em> embryo. Overexpression of <em>sox18</em> in the <em>X. tropicalis</em> embryos causes heart edema, while loss-of-function of <em>sox18</em> can change the signal of developmental heart marker <em>gata4</em> at different stages, suggesting that <em>sox18</em> plays an essential role in the development of the heart. Knockdown of <em>SOX18</em> in human umbilical vein endothelial cells suggests a link between Sox18 and β-CATENIN, a key regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Sox18 negatively regulates <em>islet1</em> and <em>tbx3</em>, the downstream factors of Wnt/β-Catenin signaling, during the linear heart tube formation and the heart looping stage. Taken together, our findings highlight the crucial role of Sox18 in the development of the heart via inhibiting Wnt/β-Catenin signaling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139905517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA-Seq analysis offers insight into the TBBPA-DHEE-induced endocrine-disrupting effect and neurotoxicity in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Emmanuel Sunday Okeke ,&nbsp;Weiwei Feng ,&nbsp;Mengna Luo ,&nbsp;Guanghua Mao ,&nbsp;Yao Chen ,&nbsp;Ting Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Wu ,&nbsp;Liuqing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tetrabromobisphenol A bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether (TBBPA-DHEE) is the major TBBPA derivative. It has been detected in different environmental samples. Previous studies show that TBBPA-DHEE caused neurotoxicity in rats. In this study, juvenile zebrafish were exposed to various concentrations of TBBPA-DHEE to ascertain the potential neurotoxicity of TBBPA-DHEE, the chemical, and its possible molecular mechanism of action. Behavioral analysis revealed that TBBPA-DHEE could significantly increase the swimming distance and speed in the 1.5 mg/L group compared to the control. In contrast, the swimming distance and speed were significantly reduced in the 0.05 and 0.3 mg/L groups, affecting learning, memory, and neurodevelopment. Similarly, TBBPA-DHEE exposure caused a concentration-dependent significant increase in the levels of excitatory neurotransmitters, namely, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, which could be attributed to the change observed in zebrafish behavior. This demonstrates the neurotoxicity of TBBPA-DHEE on juvenile zebrafish. The concentration-dependent increase in the IBR value revealed by the IBR index reveals the noticeable neurotoxic effect of TBBPA-DHEE. Transcriptomic analysis shows that TBBPA-DHEE exposure activated the PPAR signaling pathways, resulting in a disturbance of fatty acid (FA) metabolism and changes in the transcript levels of genes involved in these pathways, which could lead to lipotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Our findings demonstrate a distinct endocrine-disrupting response to TBBPA-DHEE exposure, possibly contributing to abnormal behavioral alterations. This study provides novel insights into underlying the mechanisms and effects of TBBPA-DHEE on aquatic organisms, which may be helpful for<!--> <!-->environmental/human health risk assessments of the emerging pollutant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The chondrichthyan glucagon-like peptide 3 regulates hepatic ketone metabolism in the Pacific spiny dogfish Squalus suckleyi","authors":"Alyssa M Weinrauch ,&nbsp;Ian A Bouyoucos ,&nbsp;J Michael Conlon ,&nbsp;W Gary Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chondrichthyans have a novel proglucagon-derived peptide, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-3, in addition to GLP-1 and GLP-2 that occur in other vertebrates. Given that the GLPs are important regulators of metabolic homeostasis across vertebrates, we sought to investigate whether GLP-3 displays functional actions on metabolism within a representative chondrichthyan, the Pacific spiny dogfish <em>Squalus suckleyi</em><strong>.</strong> There were no observed effects of GLP-3 perfusion (10 nM for 15 min) on the rate of glucose or oleic acid acquisition at the level of the spiral valve nor were there any measured effects on intermediary metabolism within this tissue. Despite no effects on apparent glucose transport or glycolysis in the liver, a significant alteration to ketone metabolism occurred. Firstly, ketone flux through the perfused liver switched from a net endogenous production to consumption following hormone application. Accompanying this change, significant increases in mRNA transcript abundance of putative ketone transporters and in the activity of β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (a key enzyme regulating ketone flux in the liver) were observed. Overall, while these results show effects on hepatic metabolism, the physiological actions of GLP are distinct between this chondrichthyan and those of GLP-1 on teleost fishes. Whether this is the result of the particular metabolic dependency on ketone bodies in chondrichthyans or a differential function of a novel GLP remains to be fully elucidated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coping with extreme free cortisol levels: Seasonal stress axis changes in sympatric North American flying squirrels","authors":"Samantha M. Stead ,&nbsp;Phoebe D. Edwards ,&nbsp;Rebekah Persad ,&nbsp;Rudy Boonstra ,&nbsp;Julie A. Teichroeb ,&nbsp;Rupert Palme ,&nbsp;Jeff Bowman","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most environments exhibit predictable yearly changes, permitting animals to anticipate them. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is a key physiological pathway that enables animals to cope with such changes. Monitoring glucocorticoid (the end products of the HPA axis) levels in wild animals throughout the year can improve our understanding of how this pathway responds to different conditions. For this study, we collected 18 months of data on two species of North American flying squirrels (<em>Glaucomys sabrinus</em> and <em>G. volans</em>) living in a southern Ontario forest where temperature and food availability fluctuate dramatically throughout the year. These squirrels are active year-round, nest communally, and rely on scatter hoarded foods in the winter months. Flying squirrels have extremely high levels of free plasma cortisol relative to other mammals, but it is unknown how these levels are affected by environmental and reproductive factors. For both species, our goals were to (1) validate an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to measure their fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) concentrations and (2) assess yearly differences, seasonal changes, and the influence of sex, reproduction, and ambient temperature on FGM concentrations in each species. In the lab, we successfully validated the use of antibody 5α-pregnane-3β, 11β, 21-triol-20-one EIA for FGM analysis in both species. In the field, neither sex nor reproductive status (breeding condition or not) were linked to FGM concentrations in either species. FGM concentrations were higher in autumn compared to the spring and summer. There were no other seasonal differences. We discuss possible explanations for the autumn peak in FGM concentrations (increased energy expenditure and social nesting changes), as well as outline possible avenues for future research. Understanding how individuals and populations respond to environmental change is a critical goal in evolutionary ecology, particularly in the context of a rapidly changing Anthropocene.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139717456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gonadotropin expression, pituitary and plasma levels in the reproductive cycle of wild and captive-reared greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili)","authors":"Ioannis Fakriadis ,&nbsp;Iris Meiri-Ashkenazi ,&nbsp;Chen Bracha ,&nbsp;Hanna Rosenfeld ,&nbsp;Aldo Corriero ,&nbsp;Rosa Zupa ,&nbsp;Chrysovalentinos Pousis ,&nbsp;Maria Papadaki ,&nbsp;Constantinos C. Mylonas","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We compared the endocrine status of the pituitary-gonad axis of wild and captive-reared greater amberjack (<em>Seriola dumerili</em>) during the reproductive cycle (April – July), reporting on the expression and release of the two gonadotropins for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. Ovaries from wild females were characterized histologically as DEVELOPING in early May and SPAWNING capable in late May-July, the latter having a 3 to 4-fold higher gonadosomatic index (GSI). SPAWNING capable wild females exhibited an increase in pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (Fsh) content, plasma testosterone (T) and 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20β-P), while almost a 10-fold increase was observed in pituitary luteinizing hormone (Lh) content. An increasing trend of plasma 17β-estradiol (E₂) was also recorded between the two reproductive stages in wild females. Captive-reared females sampled during the reproductive cycle exhibited two additional reproductive categories, with REGRESSED females having extensive follicular atresia and fish in the REGENERATING stage having only primary oocytes in their ovaries. Pituitary content of Fsh and Lh, <em>fshb</em> and <em>lhb</em> expression and plasma levels of Fsh and Lh remained unchanged among the four reproductive stages in captive females, in contrast with plasma E₂ and T that decreased in the REGENERATING stage, and 17,20β-P which increased after the DEVELOPING stage. In general, no significant hormonal differences were recorded between captive-reared and wild DEVELOPING females, in contrast to SPAWNING capable females, where pituitary Lh content, plasma Fsh and T were found to be lower in females in captivity. Overall, the captive females lagged behind in reproductive development compared to the wild ones and this was perhaps related to the multiple handling of the sea cages where all the sampled fish were maintained. Between wild males in the DEVELOPING and SPAWNING capable stages, pituitary Lh content, plasma T and 17,20β-P, and GSI exhibited 3 to 4-fold increases, while an increasing trend of pituitary Fsh content, <em>lhb</em> expression levels and plasma 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) was also observed, and an opposite trend was observed in plasma Lh. Captive males were allocated to one more category, with REGRESSED individuals having no spermatogenic capacity. During the SPAWNING capable phase, almost all measured parameters were lower in captive males compared to wild ones. More importantly, captive males showed significant differences from their wild counterparts throughout the reproductive season, starting already from the DEVELOPING stage. Therefore, it appears that captivity already exerted negative effects in males prior to the onset of the study and the multiple handling of the cage where sampled fish were reared. Overall, the present study demonstrated that female greater amberjack do undergo full vitellogenesis in captivity, albeit with some dysfunctions t","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139711820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adiponectin and visfatin expression profile in extra-embryonic annexes and role during embryo development in layer and broiler chickens","authors":"Ophélie Bernardi ,&nbsp;Christelle Ramé ,&nbsp;Maxime Reverchon ,&nbsp;Joëlle Dupont","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some evidence showed differences between layer and broiler embryo development. We recently showed that two adipokines, adiponectin and visfatin are expressed in the extra embryonic membranes and fluids. However, their role in the embryo development is unknown. Thus, our objectives were 1. to compare the expression of AdipoQ and its receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and visfatin in extra-embryonic annexes in broiler and layer breeders during the embryo development and 2. to investigate the role of two adipokines in embryo development in both broiler and layer breed after <em>in ovo</em> injection of blocking antibodies against chicken adiponectin or visfatin. We found that adiponectin, AdipoR1, AdipoR2 and visfatin were mainly more expressed in the allantoic that in amniotic membranes. In addition, these expressions increased according the stage of embryo development. We observed a higher expression in layer than in broiler of AdipoQ in allantoic membranes at ED14 and ED18, of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in both allantoic and amniotic membranes at ED7 and ED14 and of visfatin only in allantoic membrane from ED7 to ED18. AdipoQ and visfatin were absent in amniotic fluid at ED7 but present at ED14 or ED18 where higher concentrations were detected in layer than in broiler. Interestingly, we showed a strong positive correlation between Adipo and visfatin concentration in amniotic fluid and the body weight of embryo in both breeds. However, after <em>in ovo</em> injection of Adipo antibodies we did not observe any effect on the embryo mortality whereas injection of visfatin antibodies increased in a dose dependent manner the embryo mortality in both breeds. Taken together, Adipo and visfatin are higher expressed in layer than broiler in extra-embryonic membranes and amniotic fluid. Our data suggest also that visfatin could be a main regulator of embryo development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648024000261/pdfft?md5=8f88959dc1de3914a4f68345cc812ff2&pid=1-s2.0-S0016648024000261-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139702239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"α1 and β3 adrenergic receptor-mediated excitatory effects of adrenaline on the caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus","authors":"Mengmeng Shi ,&nbsp;Cheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yeyang Qin ,&nbsp;Lin Yv ,&nbsp;Weiqun Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adrenaline is one of the most important neurotransmitters in the central nervous system and is produced during stress. In this study, we investigated the modulatory role of adrenaline and adrenergic receptors on the neuroendocrine Dahlgren cells in the caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) of olive flounder. <em>Ex vivo</em> electrophysiological recordings revealed that adrenaline significantly increased the firing frequency and altered the firing pattern of Dahlgren cells. Moreover, treatment with adrenaline led to a significant upregulation of ion channels and major hormone secretion genes in CNSS at the mRNA levels. Additionally, treatment with adrenaline resulted in a significantly elevation in the expression levels of α1- and β3-adrenergic receptors. Furthermore, the β3-adrenergic receptor antagonist exerts a significant inhibitory effect on adrenaline-induced enhancement firing activities of Dahlgren cells, whereas the α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist displays a comparatively weaker inhibitory effect. Additionally, the enhanced firing activity induced by adrenaline could be effectively suppressed by both α1- and β3-adrenergic receptor antagonists. Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence in favor of the excitatory effects of adrenaline through α1 and β3 adrenergic receptors in CNSS to stimulate the secretion of stress-related hormones, β3-adrenergic receptor plays a more dominant role in the modulation of firing activities of Dahlgren cells by adrenaline and thereby regulates the stress response in olive flounder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139688754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of insulin-like growth factor 3 and its potential role in the spotted steed Hemibarbus maculatus ovary development","authors":"Huifen Liu ,&nbsp;Qi Guo ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao Ma ,&nbsp;Xuejun Li ,&nbsp;Xue Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a new member of the insulin-like growth factors (Igfs), Igf3 was reported to play a vital role in fish reproduction. However, in spotted steed, the function of Igf3 remains largely unknown. In the present study, we identified and characterized Igf3 gene in spotted steed. Structural analysis showed that Igf3 contained five domains (B, C, A, D, E) and six conserved cysteine residues. The expression of Igf3 mRNA and protein were increased during ovary development and peaked in the maturation stage. The subcellular localization of IGF3 was highly expressed in granulosa cells and theca cells. Furthermore, recombinant IGF3 protein was produced and <em>in vitro</em> treatment with ovarian follicles significantly promoted the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) rates of spotted steed follicles<em>.</em> The mRNA expression of cdc2 and cyclinB genes were significantly increased after IGF3 treatment, which were main components of maturation promoting factor (MPF). In addition, transcription levels of 3β-hsd, 20β-hsd, Cyp17a and Cyp19a1a were also changed. Taken together, these findings suggest that Igf3 is essential for ovary steroidogenesis and maturation in spotted steed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139678526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zebrafish prss59.1 is involved in chorion development","authors":"Md. Rezanujjaman ,&nbsp;Theeranukul Pachoensuk ,&nbsp;Md. Forhad Hossain ,&nbsp;Md. Maisum Sarwar Jyoti ,&nbsp;Md. Rubel Rana ,&nbsp;Eisei Tsutsumi ,&nbsp;Takumi Mouri ,&nbsp;Maria Bramastri Susilo ,&nbsp;Klangnurak Wanlada ,&nbsp;Chihiro Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Md. Hasan Ali ,&nbsp;Toshinobu Tokumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The <em>prss59.1</em> gene was identified as one of 11 genes that were highly upregulated during the induction of ovulation in zebrafish by using an in vivo ovulation assay. Previously, we conducted biochemical characterization of Prss59.1 and revealed it to be a trypsin-like proteolytic enzyme. In this study, we established a <em>prss59.1</em> gene knockout strain using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Phenotypic analysis of <em>prss59.1</em> knockout fish showed that <em>prss59.1</em> is associated with chorion elevation, a prominent event in egg activation during fertilization. The chorions of heterozygous and homozygous <em>prss59.1</em> mutant zebrafish were smaller than those of the wild type. The results suggested that Prss59.1 is necessary for chorion expansion. The homozygous <em>prss59.1</em> mutant strain, with a small chorion, showed an extremely low survival rate. Fiber-supported knob-like structures (KS) on the chorion showed an abnormal structure in prss59.1 mutants. Prss59.1 was detected in the KS on the chorion. The pores on the chorion were smaller in the <em>prss59.1</em> mutants than in the wild type. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of the cross sections of the chorions showed abnormalities in the chorion structure in <em>prss59.1</em> mutants. These results demonstrated that Prss59.1 is involved in chorion elevation and in proper formation of the chorion, which is necessary for embryo development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139570424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations of the function of AMH in granulosa cells in hens","authors":"Laurie Francoeur,&nbsp;Deena M. Scoville,&nbsp;Patricia A. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anti-mullerian hormone (<em>AMH</em>) plays a crucial role in follicle regulation in mammals by preventing premature primordial follicle activation and restricting follicle development through reduction of FSH sensitivity and inhibition of FSH-induced increase of steroidogenic enzymes. AMH is produced by granulosa cells from growing follicles and expression declines at the time of selection in both mammalian and avian species. The role of AMH in chicken granulosa cells remains unclear, as research is complicated because mammalian AMH is not bioactive in chickens and there is a lack of commercially available chicken AMH. In the current experiments, we used RNA interference to study the role of AMH on markers of follicle development in the presence and absence of FSH. Cultured chicken granulosa cells from 3–5 mm follicles and 6–8 mm follicles, the growing pool from which follicle selection is thought to occur, were used. Transfection with an <em>AMH</em>-specific siRNA significantly reduced <em>AMH</em> mRNA expression in granulosa cells from 3–5 mm and 6–8 mm follicles. Genes of interest were only measured in granulosa cells of 3–5 mm follicles due to low expression of <em>AMH</em> mRNA at the 6–8 mm follicle stage. Knockdown of <em>AMH</em> mRNA did not affect markers of follicle development (follicle stimulating hormone receptor, <em>FSHR</em>; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, <em>STAR</em>; cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A member 1, <em>CYP11A1</em>; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2, <em>BMPR2</em>) or FSH responsiveness in granulosa cells from 3–5 mm follicles, indicating that AMH does not regulate follicle development directly by affecting markers of steroidogenesis, <em>FSHR</em> or <em>BMPR2</em> at this follicle stage in chickens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139515370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}