General and comparative endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"A longitudinal study of endocrinology and foraging ecology of subadult gray whales prior to death based on baleen analysis","authors":"Alejandro Fernández Ajó ,&nbsp;Clarissa Teixeira ,&nbsp;Daniela M.D. de Mello ,&nbsp;Danielle Dillon ,&nbsp;James M. Rice ,&nbsp;C. Loren Buck ,&nbsp;Kathleen E. Hunt ,&nbsp;Matthew C. Rogers ,&nbsp;Leigh G. Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individual-level assessments of wild animal health, vital rates, and foraging ecology are critical for understanding population-wide impacts of exposure to stressors. Large whales face multiple stressors, including, but not limited to, ocean noise, pollution, and ship strikes. Because baleen is a continuously growing keratinized structure, serial extraction, and quantification of hormones and stable isotopes along the length of baleen provide a historical record of whale physiology and foraging ecology. Furthermore, baleen analysis enables the investigation of dead specimens, even decades later, allowing comparisons between historic and modern populations. Here, we examined baleen of five sub-adult gray whales and observed distinct patterns of oscillations in <em>δ</em>¹⁵N values along the length of their baleen plates which enabled estimation of baleen growth rates and differentiation of isotopic niche widths of the whales during wintering and summer foraging. In contrast, no regular patterns were apparent in <em>δ</em>¹³C values. Prolonged elevation of cortisol in four individuals before death indicates that chronic stress may have impacted their health and survival. Triiodothyronine (T3) increased over months in the whales with unknown causes of death, simultaneous with elevations in cortisol, but both hormones remained stable in the one case of acute death attributed to killer whale predation. This parallel elevation of cortisol and T3 challenges the classic understanding of their interaction and might relate to increased energetic demands during exposure to stressors. Reproductive hormone profiles in subadults did not show cyclical trends, suggesting they had not yet reached sexual maturity. This study highlights the potential of baleen analysis to retrospectively assess gray whales' physiological status, exposure to stressors, reproductive status, and foraging ecology in the months or years leading up to their death, which can be a useful tool for conservation diagnostics to mitigate unusual mortality events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 114492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140119266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early life nutrient restriction affects hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis gene expression in a diet type-specific manner","authors":"Alexander M. Shephard ,&nbsp;Sarah R. Lagon ,&nbsp;Cristina C. Ledón-Rettig","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stressful experiences in early life can alter phenotypic expression later in life. For instance, in vertebrates, early life nutrient restriction can modify later life activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal/interrenal axis (the HPI in amphibians), including the up- and downstream regulatory components of glucocorticoid signaling. Early life nutrient restriction can also influence later life behavior and metabolism (<em>e.g.</em>, fat accumulation). Yet, less is known about whether nutrient stress-induced carryover effects on HPA/HPI axis regulation can vary across environmental contexts, such as the type of diet on which nutrient restriction occurs. Here, we experimentally address this question using the plains spadefoot toad (<em>Spea bombifrons</em>), whose larvae develop in ephemeral habitats that impose intense competition over access to two qualitatively distinct diet types: detritus and live shrimp prey. Consistent with diet type-specific carryover effects of early life nutrient restriction on later life HPI axis regulation, we found that temporary nutrient restriction at the larval stage reduced juvenile (<em>i.e.,</em> post-metamorphic) brain gene expression of an upstream glucocorticoid regulator (corticotropin-releasing hormone) and two downstream regulators (glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors) only on the shrimp diet. These patterns are consistent with known diet type-specific effects of larval nutrient restriction on juvenile corticosterone and behavior. Additionally, larval nutrient restriction increased juvenile body fat levels. Our study indicates that HPA/HPI axis regulatory responses to nutrient restriction can vary remarkably across diet types. Such diet type-specific regulation of the HPA/HPI axis might provide a basis for developmental or evolutionary decoupling of stress-induced carryover effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 114490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140068324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of gonadal hormones on the gene expression of brain-pituitary in protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegelii","authors":"Peng-Wei Tseng ,&nbsp;Chien-Ju Lin ,&nbsp;Yuan-Han Tsao ,&nbsp;Wei-Lun Kuo ,&nbsp;Hsin-Chih Chen ,&nbsp;Sylvie Dufour ,&nbsp;Guan-Chung Wu ,&nbsp;Ching-Fong Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In black porgy (<em>Acanthopagrus schlegelii</em>), the brain-pituitary-testis (Gnrh-Gths-Dmrt1) axis plays a vital role in male fate determination and maintenance, and then inhibiting female development in further (puberty). However, the feedback of gonadal hormones on regulating brain signaling remains unclear. In this study, we conducted short-term sex steroid treatment and surgery of gonadectomy to evaluate the feedback regulation between the gonads and the brain. The qPCR results show that male phase had the highest <em>gths</em> transcripts; treatment with estradiol-17β (E2) or 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) resulted in the increased pituitary <em>lhb</em> transcripts. After surgery, apart from <em>gnrh1</em>, there is no difference in brain signaling genes between gonadectomy and sham fish. In the diencephalon/mesencephalon transcriptome, <em>de novo</em> assembly generated 283,528 unigenes; however, only 443 (0.16%) genes showed differentially expressed between sham and gonadectomy fish. In the present study, we found that exogenous sex steroids affect the <em>gths</em> transcription; this feedback control is related to the gonadal stage. Furthermore, gonadectomy may not affect gene expression of brain signaling (Gnrh-Gths axis). Our results support the communication between ovotestis and brain signaling (Gnrh-Gths-testicular Dmrt1) for the male fate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114482"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140021402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of multiple vitellogenins in early development of fishes","authors":"Ozlem Yilmaz ,&nbsp;Craig V. Sullivan ,&nbsp;Julien Bobe ,&nbsp;Birgitta Norberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114479","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Functions of vitellogenins have been in the limelight of fish reproductive physiology research for decades. The Vtg system of acanthomorph teleosts consists of two complete forms of Vtgs (VtgAa and VtgAb) and an incomplete form, VtgC. Insufficient uptake and processing of Vtgs and their yolk proteins lead to inadequate oocyte hydration ensuing failure in acquisition of egg buoyancy and early developmental deficiencies. This review presents a summary of our studies on utilization of multiple Vtgs in species with different egg buoyancy characteristics, as examples. Studies of moronids revealed limited degradation of all three forms of lipovitellin heavy chain derived from their three respective forms of Vtg, by which they contribute to the free amino acid pool driving oocyte hydration during oocyte maturation. In later studies, CRISPR/Cas9 was employed to invalidate zebrafish type I, type II and type III Vtgs, which are orthologs of acanthamorph VtgAa, VtgAb and VtgC, respectively. Results revealed type I Vtg to have essential developmental and nutritional functions in both late embryos and larvae. Genomic disturbance of type II Vtg led to high mortalities during the first 24 h of embryonic development. Despite being a minor form of Vtg in zebrafish and most other species, type III Vtg was also found to contribute essentially to the developmental potential of zebrafish zygotes and early embryos. Apart from severe effects on progeny survival, these studies also disclosed previously unreported regulatory effects of Vtgs on fecundity and fertility, and on embryo hatching. We recently utilized parallel reactions monitoring based liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to assess the processing and utilization of lipovitellins derived from different forms of Vtg in Atlantic halibut and European plaice. Results showed the Lv heavy chain of VtgAa (LvHAa) to be consumed during oocyte maturation and the Lv light chain of VtgAb (LvLAb) to be utilized specifically during late larval stages, while all remaining YPs (LvLAa, LvHAb, LvHC, and LvLC) were utilized during or after hatching up until first feeding in halibut. In plaice, all YPs except LvHAa, which similarly to halibut supports oocyte maturation, are utilized from late embryo to late larval development up until first feeding. The collective findings from these studies affirm substantial disparity in modes of utilization of different types of Vtgs among fish species with various egg buoyancy characteristics, and they reveal previously unknown regulatory functions of Vtgs in maintenance of reproductive assets such as maternal fecundity and fertility, and in embryonic hatching. Despite the progress that has been made over the past two decades by examining multiple Vtgs and their functions, a higher complexity of these systems with much greater diversity between species in modes of Vtg utilization is now evident. Further research is needed to reveal novel ways each species has evolved to util","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001664802400039X/pdfft?md5=5b92b6f1b19d7963a6b432c29ef08938&pid=1-s2.0-S001664802400039X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140015752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of function in somatostatin receptor 5 has no impact on the growth of medaka fish due to compensation by the other paralogs","authors":"A.F. Boan ,&nbsp;T.H. Delgadin ,&nbsp;L.F. Canosa ,&nbsp;J.I. Fernandino","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Somatic growth in vertebrates is regulated endocrinologically by the somatotropic axis, headed by the growth hormone (GH) and the insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I). Somatostatin (Sst), a peptide hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus, modulates GH actions through its receptors (Sstr). Four Sstr subtypes (Sstr 1–3 and 5) have been identified in teleosts. However, little is known about whether they have a specific function or tissue expression. The aim of this study was to determine the role of <em>sstr2</em> and <em>sstr5</em> in the growth of the medaka (<em>Oryzias latipes</em>). The assessed expression pattern across diverse tissues highlighted greater prevalence of <em>sstr1</em> and <em>sstr3</em> in brain, intestine and muscle than in pituitary or liver. The expression of <em>sstr2</em> was high in all the tissues tested, while <em>sstr5</em> was predominantly expressed in the pituitary gland. A CRISPR/Cas9 <em>sstr5</em> mutant with loss of function (<em>sstr5^-/-</em>) was produced. Assessment of <em>sstr5</em>^-/- indicated no significant difference with the wild type regarding growth parameters such as standard length, body depth, or peduncle depth. Furthermore, the functional loss of <em>sstr5</em> had no impact on the response to a nutritional challenge. The fact that several <em>sstr</em> subtypes were upregulated in different tissues in <em>sstr5</em>^-/- medaka suggests that in the mutant fish, there may be a compensatory effect on the different tissues, predominantly by <em>sstr1</em> in the liver, brain and pituitary, with <em>sstr2</em> being upregulated in pituitary and liver, and <em>sstr3</em> only presenting differential expression in the brain. Analysis of the <em>sstr</em> subtype and the <em>sstr5^-/-</em> fish showed that <em>sstr5</em> was not the only somatostatin receptor responsible for Sst-mediated Gh regulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139982787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SDF-1/CXCR4 signal is involved in the induction of Primordial Germ Cell migration in a model marine fish, Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus)","authors":"Issei Yahiro ,&nbsp;Oga Sato ,&nbsp;Sipra Mohapatra ,&nbsp;Koki Mukai ,&nbsp;Atsushi Toyoda ,&nbsp;Takehiko Itoh ,&nbsp;Michiya Matsuyama ,&nbsp;Tapas Chakraborty ,&nbsp;Kohei Ohta","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are pivotal for gonadal development and reproductive success. Though artificial induction of sterility by targeting PGCs are gaining popularity due to its advantages in fish surrogacy and biodiversity management, it is often skill and time intensive. In this study, we have focused on understanding the role of PGCs and the chemotactic SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling on gonad development of Japanese anchovy (JA, <em>Engraulis japonicus</em>), an upcoming marine model organism with eco-commercial values, with an aim to develop a novel, easy, and versatile gonad sterilization method. Our data showed that PGC migration related genes, i.e., <em>sdf-1a</em>, <em>sdf-1b</em>, <em>cxcr4a</em>, <em>cxcr4b</em> and <em>vasa</em>, are phylogenetically closer relatives of respective herring (<em>Clupea harengus</em>) and zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) homolog. Subsequently, PGC marking and live tracing experiments confirmed that PGC migration in JA initiates from 16 hours post fertilization (hpf) followed by PGC settlement in the gonadal ridge at 44 hpf. We found that overexpression of zebrafish <em>sdf-1a</em> mRNA in the germ cell suppresses <em>cxcr4a</em> and increases <em>cxcr4b</em> transcription at 8 hpf, dose dependently disrupts PGC migration at 24–48 hpf, induces PGC death and upregulates <em>sdf-1b</em> at 5 days post hatching. 48 h of immersion treatment with CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100, Abcam) also accelerated PGC mismigration and pushed the PGC away from gonadal ridge in a dose responsive manner, and further when grown to adulthood caused germ cell less gonad formation in some individuals. Cumulatively, our data, for the first time, suggests that JA PGC migration is largely regulated by SDF1/CXCR4 signaling, and modulation of this signaling has strong potential for sterile, germ cell less gonad preparation at a mass scale. However, further in-depth analysis is pertinent to apply this methodology in marine fish species to successfully catapult Japanese anchovy into a true marine fish model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of fish pituitary spheroids to study annual endocrine reproductive control","authors":"Akihiko Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pituitary gland is a small endocrine gland located below the hypothalamus. This gland releases several important hormones and controls the function of many other endocrine system glands to release hormones. Fish pituitary hormonal cells are controlled by neuroendocrine and sex steroid feedback. To study the complex pituitary function <em>in vivo</em>, we established an <em>in vitro</em> pituitary spheroid assay and evaluated its suitability for monitoring the annual reproductive physiological conditions in <em>Takifugu rubripes,</em> also known as torafugu, is one of the most economically important species distributed in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean, in the western part of the East China Sea, and in more northern areas near Hokkaido, Japan. Fish pituitary spheroids can be easily constructed in liquid or solid plates. The culture medium (L-15) made the aggregation faster than MEM (Hank’s). A Rho-kinase inhibitor (Y-27632, 10 μM) and/or fish serum (2.5 %) also promoted spheroid formation. Laser confocal microscopy analysis of spheroids cultured with annual serum of both sexes revealed that luteinizing hormone (LH) synthesis has the highest peak in the final maturation stage (3 years old, May) in accordance with the highest serum sex steroid levels; in contrast, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) synthesis has no correlation with the dose of serum or nutrients. Similarly, 3D cell propagation assays using female serum showed that total pituitary cells displayed the highest proliferation at puberty onset (2 years old, October) before half a year of the spawning season. These results indicate that pituitary spheroids are useful <em>in vitro</em> models for monitoring the reproductive physiological status of fish <em>in vivo</em> and may be applicable to the <em>in vitro</em> screening of environmental chemicals and bioactive compounds affecting reproductive efficiency in aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of neuropeptide Y on the immune-protection and intestinal tract of juvenile Micropterus salmoides","authors":"Tao Yang,&nbsp;Kingwai Lai,&nbsp;Yang Yu,&nbsp;Zongzhen Liao,&nbsp;Ran Cai,&nbsp;Xiaozheng Yu,&nbsp;Wensheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neuropeptide Y is known to be directly or indirectly involved in immune regulation. The immune effects of NPY include immune cell transport, helper T cell differentiation, cytokine secretion, staining and killer cell activity, phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we investigated the immunoprotective effect of synthetic NPY on largemouth bass larvae. For the first time, the dose and time effects of NPY injection on largemouth bass was explored, and then Poly I:C and LPS infection was carried out in juvenile largemouth bass, respectively, after the injection of NPY. The results showed that NPY could reduce the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of <em>il-1β, tgf-β, ifn-γ</em> and other immune factors in head kidney, spleen and brain, and alleviate the immune stress caused by strong inflammatory response in the early stage of infection. Meanwhile, NPY injection ameliorated the intestinal tissue damage caused by infection. This study provides a new way to protect juvenile fish and improve its innate immunity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139944013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone and its receptors in teleosts: Physiological roles and mechanisms of actions","authors":"Bin Wang ,&nbsp;José A. Paullada-Salmerón ,&nbsp;José A. Muñoz-Cueto","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) was the first reported hypothalamic neuropeptide inhibiting reproduction in vertebrates. Since its discovery in the quail brain, its orthologs have been identified in a variety of vertebrate species and even protochordates. Depending on the species, the GnIH precursor polypeptides comprise two, three or four mature peptides of the RFamide family. It has been well documented that GnIH inhibits reproduction at the brain-pituitary–gonadal levels and participates in metabolism, stress response, and social behaviors in birds and mammals. However, most studies in fish have mainly been focused on the physiological roles of GnIH in the control of reproduction and results obtained are in some cases conflicting, leaving aside its potential roles in the regulation of other functions. In this manuscript we summarize the information available in fish with respect to the structural diversity of GnIH peptides and functional roles of GnIH in reproduction and other physiological processes. We also highlight the molecular mechanisms of GnIH actions on target cells and possible interactions with other neuroendocrine factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 114477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648024000376/pdfft?md5=0df4e794bdfca062d2d044e564985784&pid=1-s2.0-S0016648024000376-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ghrelin on food caching behaviour and body composition in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus)","authors":"Matthew Williamson ,&nbsp;Sara Lupi ,&nbsp;Scott A. MacDougall-Shackleton","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several metabolic hormones signal an organism’s energy balance to the brain and modulate feeding behaviours accordingly. These metabolic signals may also regulate other behaviour related to energy balance, such as food caching or hoarding. Ghrelin is one such hormone, but it appears to exert different effects on appetite and fat levels in birds and mammals. Ghrelin treatment inhibits food intake and decreases fat stores in some bird species, but these effects may differ between acylated and unacylated (des-acyl) forms of ghrelin. The effect of ghrelin on food caching in birds has been examined in only one study, that found both leptin and unacylated ghrelin reduced food caching and mass gain in coal tits (<em>Periparus ater</em>). We expanded on this to test how both forms of ghrelin affect food caching and body composition in black-capped chickadees (<em>Poecile atricapillus</em>). We injected each bird with acylated ghrelin, unacylated ghrelin, and a saline control and then measured food caching every 20 min for two hours post-injection. We also measured body mass fat levels the day before, and after treatment using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR). Contrary to prior work, we found no effects of either form of ghrelin on food caching, or body or fat mass. Future work is required to determine if the difference between our results and those of the prior study stems from species differences in response to ghrelin and/or in the motivation to cache food, or ghrelin effects being modulated by energy reserves.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 114475"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648024000352/pdfft?md5=e48eb705c8e460c3be5e07ac26a99be7&pid=1-s2.0-S0016648024000352-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139923113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}