General and comparative endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Crustacean endocrinology: Sexual differentiation and potential application for aquaculture","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Crustaceans, which represent a significant subset of arthropods, are classified into three major classes: Ostracoda, Malacostraca, and Branchiopoda. Among them, sex manipulation in decapod species from the Malacostraca class has been extensively researched for aquaculture purposes and to study reproductive physiology and sexual plasticity. Some decapods exhibit sexual dimorphism that influences their biological and economic value. Monosex culture, in which only one sex is cultivated, increases production yields while reducing the risk of invasiveness, as genetic leakage into natural waters is less likely to occur. Differences in yield are also observed when cultivating different sexes, with all-male cultures of <em>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</em> being more profitable than both mixed and all-female cultures. Research on decapod sexual differentiation has led to a better understanding of sex determination and sexual differentiation processes in arthropods. Similar to most mammals and other vertebrate classes, Malacostraca crustaceans, including decapods, exhibit a cell-non-autonomous mode of sexual development. Genetic factors (e.g., sex chromosomes) and endocrine factors (e.g., insulin-like androgenic gland factor and crustacean female sex hormone) play pivotal roles in the development of sexually dimorphic traits. This review synthesizes the existing understanding of sex determination mechanisms and the role of sex hormones in decapod species. Additionally, it provides an overview of the methyl farnesoate, which has been suggested to be involved in male sex differentiation in some crab species, as well as the phenomenon of male-to-female sex reversal in host decapods caused by parasitic crustaceans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 114578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of Krüppel-like factors expression in the retinas of zebrafish and mice during development and after injury","authors":"José Ávila-Mendoza ,&nbsp;Valeria A. Urban-Sosa ,&nbsp;Iván Lazcano ,&nbsp;Aurea Orozco ,&nbsp;Maricela Luna ,&nbsp;Carlos G. Martínez-Moreno ,&nbsp;Carlos Arámburo","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) have emerged as important transcriptional regulators of various cellular processes, including neural development. Some of them have been described as intrinsic factors involved in axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates. Zebrafish are known for their ability to regenerate several tissues in adulthood, including the CNS, a capability lost during vertebrate evolution and absent in adult mammals. The role that KLFs could play in this differential ability remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the endogenous response of certain KLFs implicated in axon regeneration (KLFs 6, 7, 9, and 13) during retina development and after axon injury. The results showed that the expression of <em>Klfs 6</em>, <em>7</em>, and <em>13</em> decreases in the developing retina of mice but not in zebrafish, while the mRNA levels of <em>Klf9</em> strongly increase in both species. The response to injury was further analyzed using optic nerve crush (ONC) as a model of lesion. Our analysis during the acute phase (hours) demonstrated an induction of <em>Klfs 6</em> and <em>7</em> expression exclusively in the zebrafish retina, while <em>Klfs 9</em> and <em>13</em> mRNA levels increased in both species. Further analysis of the chronic response (days) showed that mRNA levels of <em>Klf6</em> transiently increase in the retinas of both zebrafish and mice, whereas those of <em>Klf7</em> decrease later after optic nerve injury. In addition, the analysis revealed that the expression of <em>Klf9</em> decreases, while that of <em>Klf13</em> increases in the retinas of zebrafish in response to optic nerve injury but remains unaltered in mice<strong>.</strong> Altogether, these findings support the hypothesis that KLFs may play a role in the differential axon regeneration abilities exhibited by fish and mice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 114579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648024001412/pdfft?md5=868fc1b3c68665abcff4678d66d567bc&pid=1-s2.0-S0016648024001412-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Tshb and Tshr in the ricefield eel Monopterus albus: Potential paracrine/autocrine roles in gonads","authors":"Xu Yang ,&nbsp;Yangsheng Wu ,&nbsp;Shen Zhang ,&nbsp;Riping Gan ,&nbsp;Zhe Wang ,&nbsp;Lihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Weimin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), a glycoprotein synthesized and secreted from thyrotrophs of the pituitary gland, is composed of a glycoprotein hormone common alpha subunit (CGA) and a specific beta subunit (TSHB). The major biological function of TSH is to stimulate thyroidal follicles to synthesize and secrete thyroid hormones through activating its cognate receptor, the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR). In the present study, polyclonal antisera against ricefield eel Tshb and Tshr were generated respectively, and the expression of Tshb and Tshr was examined at mRNA and protein levels. RT-PCR analysis showed that <em>tshb</em> mRNA was expressed mainly in the pituitary as well as in some extrapituitary tissues including the ovary and testis. <em>Tshr</em> mRNA was also expressed in a tissue-specific manner, with transcripts detected in tissues including the kidney, ovary, and testis. The immunoreactive Tshb signals in the pituitary were shown to be localized to the inner areas of adenohypophysis which are close to the neurohypophysis of adult ricefield eels. Tshb-immunoreatvie cells in the pituitary of ricefield eel larvae were firstly observed at hatching. The expression of immunoreactive Tshb and Cga was also detected in ricefield eel ovary and testis together with Tshr. In the ovary, immunoreactive Tshb, Cga, and Tshr were observed in oocytes and granulosa cells. In the testis, immunoreactive Tshb was mainly observed in Sertoli cells while immunoreactive Cga and Tshr were detected in germ cells as well as somatic cells. Results of the present study suggest that Tsh may be synthesized both in the ovary and testis locally, which may play paracrine and/or autocrine roles in gonadal development in ricefield eels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 114580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenting in a changing environment: A long-term study of prolactin, parental effort and reproductive success in common eiders","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parental care is regulated by multiple endocrine mechanisms. Among these hormones, prolactin (PRL) is involved in the expression of parental behaviors. Despite the consensus that PRL mediates variation in parental effort with age and body condition, its role in the adjustment of parental effort to fluctuating environmental conditions, including changing predation pressure, still awaits further investigation. To shed light on this knowledge gap, we relied on a long-term monitoring of female common eiders <em>Somateria mollissima</em> (n = 1277 breeding attempts, 2012–2022) incubating under fluctuating predation risk to investigate the link between baseline PRL levels and female minimum age, body condition, clutch size, environmental parameters (predation pressure, climate, nest microhabitat) and hatching success. We predicted that PRL would be higher in older females, those in better condition or incubating larger clutches. We also predicted that females would reduce parental effort when nesting under challenging environmental conditions (high predation pressure or poor climatic conditions), translated into reduced baseline PRL levels. We also explored how variation in PRL levels, female characteristics and environmental parameters were related to hatching success. Following our predictions, PRL levels were positively associated with body condition and female age (before showing a senescent decline in the oldest breeders). However, we did not observe any population-level or individual-level reduction in PRL levels in response to increasing predation pressure. Population-level baseline PRL levels instead increased over the study period, coincident with rising predation threat, but also increasing female body condition and age. While we did not provide evidence for a direct association between baseline PRL levels and predation risk, our results support the idea that elevated baseline PRL levels promote hatching success under internal constraints (in young, inexperienced, breeders or those incubating a large clutch) or constraining environmental conditions (during years of high predation pressure or poor climatic and foraging conditions). Finally, the low repeatability of baseline PRL levels and high interannual variability highlight considerable within-individual flexibility in baseline PRL levels. Further research should explore flexibility in parental effort to changing environmental conditions, focusing on both baseline and stress-induced PRL levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 114574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648024001369/pdfft?md5=e4c9e56521c9c5ede167ab509ce6e3e7&pid=1-s2.0-S0016648024001369-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Differential regulation of the luteinizing hormone genes in teleosts and tetrapods due to their distinct genomic environments – Insights into gonadotropin beta subunit evolution” [Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 173 (2011) 253–258]","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114564","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 114564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648024001266/pdfft?md5=c6b39ac64132fb585ad0789df8b7f9c8&pid=1-s2.0-S0016648024001266-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of testicular fusion in Spodoptera litura (cutworm) and Bombyx mori (silkworm): Histological and transcriptomic insights","authors":"Yaqun Dong,&nbsp;Lihua Huang,&nbsp;Lin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Spodoptera litura</em> commonly known as the cutworm, is among the most destructive lepidopteran pests affecting over 120 plants species. The powerful destructive nature of this lepidopteran is attributable to its high reproductive capacity. The testicular fusion that occurs during metamorphosis from larvae to pupa in <em>S.litura</em> positively influences the reproductive success of the offspring. In contrast, <em>Bombyx mori</em>, the silkworm, retains separate testes throughout its life and does not undergo this fusion process. Microscopic examination reveals that during testicular fusion in <em>S.litura</em>, the peritoneal sheath becomes thinner and more translucent, whereas in <em>B.mori,</em> the analogous region thickens. The outer basement membrane in <em>S.litura</em> exhibits fractures, discontinuity, and uneven thickness accompanied by a significant presence of cellular secretions, large cell size, increased vesicles, liquid droplets, and a proliferation of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. In contrast, the testicular peritoneal sheath of <em>B.mori</em> at comparable developmental stage exhibits minimal change. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the testicular peritoneal sheath reveals a substantial difference in gene expression between the two species. The disparity in differential expressed genes (DEGs) is linked to an enrichment of numerous transcription factors, intracellular signaling pathways involving Ca²⁺ and GTPase, as well as intracellular protein transport and signaling pathways. Meanwhile, structural proteins including actin, chitin-binding proteins, membrane protein fractions, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix proteins are predominantly identified. Moreover, the study highlights the enrichment of endopeptidases, serine proteases, proteolytic enzymes and matrix metalloproteins, which may play a role in the degradation of the outer membrane. Five transcription factors-<em>Slforkhead, Slproline, Slcyclic, Slsilk,</em> and <em>SlD-ETS</em> were identified, and their expression pattern were confirmed by qRT-PCR. they are candidates for participating in the regulation of testicular fusion. Our findings underscore significant morphological and trancriptomic variation in the testicular peritoneal sheath of <em>S.litura</em> compared to the silkworm, with substantial changes at the transcriptomic level coinciding with testicular fusion. The research provides valuable clues for understanding the complex mechanisms underlying this unique phenomenon in insects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 114562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141288005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-induced LEAP2 and GHSR1a knockout mutant zebrafish displayed abnormal growth and impaired lipid metabolism","authors":"Yueyue Fei ,&nbsp;Zhonggui Bao ,&nbsp;Qin Wang ,&nbsp;Yihong Zhu ,&nbsp;Jigang Lu ,&nbsp;Linyue Ouyang ,&nbsp;Quiqin Hu ,&nbsp;Yan Zhou ,&nbsp;Liangbiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Investigating the principles of fish fat deposition and conducting related research are current focal points in fish nutrition. This study explores the endocrine regulation of LEAP2 and GHSR1a in zebrafish by constructing mutant<!--> <!-->models and<!--> <!-->examining the effects of the endocrine factors LEAP2 and its receptor GHSR1a on zebrafish growth, feeding, and liver fat deposition. Compared to the wild type (WT), the mutation of LEAP2 results in increased feeding and decreased swimming in zebrafish. The impact is more pronounced in adult female zebrafish, characterized by increased weight, length, width, and accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver.<!--> <!-->In<!--> <!-->contrast, deficiency in GHSR1a significantly reduces the growth of male zebrafish and markedly decreases liver fat deposition.<!--> <!-->These research findings indicate the crucial roles of LEAP2 and GHSR1a in zebrafish feeding, growth, and intracellular fat metabolism. This study, for the first time, investigated the endocrine metabolic regulation functions of LEAP2 and GHSR1a in the model organism zebrafish, providing initial insights into their effects and potential mechanisms on zebrafish fat metabolism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 114563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β): A master signal pathway in teleost sex determination","authors":"Haiyang Yu ,&nbsp;Xinxin Du ,&nbsp;Xue Chen ,&nbsp;Longxue Liu ,&nbsp;Xubo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sex determination and differentiation in fish has always been a hot topic in genetic breeding of aquatic animals. With the advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) in recent years, sex chromosomes and sex determining genes can be efficiently identified in teleosts. To date, master sex determination genes have been elucidated in 114 species, of which 72 species have sex determination genes belonging to TGF-β superfamily. TGF-β is the only signaling pathway that the largest proportion of components, which including ligands (<em>amhy</em>, <em>gsdfy</em>, <em>gdf6</em>), receptors (<em>amhr</em>, <em>bmpr</em>), and regulator (<em>id2bby</em>), have opportunity recognized as a sex determination gene. In this review, we focus on the recent studies about teleost sex-determination genes within TGF-β superfamily and propose several hypotheses on how these genes regulate sex determination process. Differing from other reviews, our review specifically devotes significant attention to all members of the TGF-β signal pathway, not solely the sex determination genes within the TGF-β superfamily. However, the functions of the paralogous genes of TGF superfamily are still needed ongoing research. Further studies are required to more accurately interpret the molecular mechanism of TGF-β superfamily sex determination genes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 114561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of growth hormone releasing hormone and its receptor in amphioxus with implication for origin of hypothalamic-pituitary axis","authors":"Mengmeng Yi ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Ji ,&nbsp;Chaoyi Chen ,&nbsp;Zhan Gao ,&nbsp;Shicui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) has been widely shown to stimulate growth hormone (GH) production via binding to GHRH receptor GHRHR in various species of vertebrates, but information regarding the functional roles of GHRH and GHRHR in the protochordate amphioxus remains rather scarce. We showed here that two mature peptides, BjGHRH-1 and BjGHRH-2, encoded by BjGHRH precursor, and a single BjGHRHR protein were identified in the amphioxus <em>Branchiostoma. japonicum</em>. Like the distribution profiles of vertebrate GHRHs and GHRHRs, both the genes <em>Bjghrh</em> and <em>Bjghrhr</em> were widely expressed in the different tissues of amphioxus, including in the cerebral vesicle, Hatschek’s pit, neural tube, gill, hepatic caecum, notochord, testis and ovary. Moreover, both BjGHRH-1 and BjGHRH-2 interacted with BjGHRHR, and triggered the cAMP/PKA signal pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, BjGHRH-1 and BjGHRH-2 were both able to activate the expression of GH-like gene in the cells of Hatschek’s pit. These indicate that a functional vertebrate-like GHRH-GHRHR axis had already emerged in amphioxus, which is a seminal innovation making physiological divergence including reproduction, growth, metabolism, stress and osmoregulation possible during the early evolution of vertebrates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 114560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential expression of steroid-related genes across electrosensory brain regions in two sexually dimorphic species of electric knifefish","authors":"Megan K. Freiler ,&nbsp;Mikayla L. Deckard ,&nbsp;Melissa R. Proffitt ,&nbsp;G. Troy Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The production of communication signals can be modulated by hormones acting on the brain regions that regulate these signals. However, less is known about how signal perception is regulated by hormones. The electrocommunication signals of weakly electric fishes are sexually dimorphic, sensitive to hormones, and vary across species. The neural circuits that regulate the production and perception of these signals are also well-characterized, and electric fishes are thus an excellent model to examine the neuroendocrine regulation of sensorimotor mechanisms of communication. We investigated (1) whether steroid-related genes are expressed in sensory brain regions that process communication signals; and (2) whether this expression differs across sexes and species that have different patterns of sexual dimorphism in their signals. <em>Apteronotus leptorhynchus</em> and <em>Apteronotus albifrons</em> produce continuous electric organ discharges (EODs) that are used for communication. Two brain regions, the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) and the dorsal torus semicircularis (TSd), process inputs from electroreceptors to allow fish to detect and discriminate electrocommunication signals. We used qPCR to quantify the expression of genes for two androgen receptors (<em>ar1</em>, <em>ar2</em>), two estrogen receptors (<em>esr1</em>, <em>esr2b</em>), and aromatase (<em>cyp19a1b</em>). Four out of five steroid-related genes were expressed in both sensory brain regions, and their expression often varied between sexes and species. These results suggest that expression of steroid-related genes in the brain may differentially influence how EOD signals are encoded across species and sexes, and that gonadal steroids may coordinately regulate central circuits that control both the production and perception of EODs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 114549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}