General and comparative endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Stress Axis: Molecular and Cellular Regulation of the HPI/HPA Axis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114643","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"114643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corticosterone, lactate, and circulating leukocyte responses of free-ranging cottonmouth snakes (Agkistrodon piscivorus) vary with the duration and nature of the acute stressor.","authors":"Matthew Klukowski, Frank C Bailey, Vincent A Cobb, Jake A Pruett","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to acute stressors can induce multiple physiological changes in vertebrates such as altering circulating hormone and enzyme levels as well as leukocyte counts, and interactions between endocrine and immune function may produce suites of physiological changes following acute stress. Previously, we showed that presence of human observers elicited only a weak elevation of plasma corticosterone levels in cottonmouths. Additional variables, however, must be considered to understand if changes in physiological parameters are highly generalized or vary among sexes or with context. Here we tested effects of more intense acute stressors (i.e., confinement for 2 h or 4 h or repeated blood sampling) on plasma corticosterone and lactate concentrations and the number of circulating leukocytes. In addition to testing for sex differences, we also tested two predictions frequently found in the stress physiology literature: (1) because glucocorticoids are involved in mobilization of leukocytes, corticosterone levels should covary with the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, (2) since one of the major functions of corticosterone is to mobilize energy stores, baseline corticosterone levels (i.e., in immediately bled snakes) should be elevated in individuals in poor body condition. We found that neither sex nor body condition influenced corticosterone responses to confinement. However, repeated blood sampling had a pronounced effect- snakes bled both upon capture and at 2 h had higher corticosterone levels than snakes bled only once at 2 h or even at 4 h. Plasma lactate and the percent azurophils (but not the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio) were also elevated in confined snakes, and both were positively correlated with plasma corticosterone. Our results indicate a pronounced and nuanced effect of confinement stress on the physiology of cottonmouths.</p>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"114660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuromodulation in the fish brain for reproductive success.","authors":"Chie Umatani","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In most teleosts, appropriate sexual behaviors and sexual maturation are essential for reproductive success. Most fish display their unique behavioral patterns for mating. These behaviors are thought to be regulated in the brain by sex steroid hormones since sexual behaviors are displayed only by sexually mature fish. In addition, recent studies have reported that neuropeptides, which are peptides released from neurons and modulate neural activities via their specific receptors in the brain, also play a key role in regulating sexual behavior. On the other hand, not only sexual behavior but also feeding behavior is important for reproductive function since sexual maturation requires sufficient nutrition. Especially feeding-related peptides, a type of neuropeptides, are thought to modulate feeding behavior. Thus, it is conceivable that neuropeptides are crucial modulators in the brain for reproductive success. This review summarizes recent advances in the knowledge of the neuromodulatory systems involved in sexual and feeding behaviors by neuropeptides and gonadal hormones.</p>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"114658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crosstalk between prolactin, insulin-like growth factors, and thyroid hormones in feather growth regulation in neonatal chick wings.","authors":"Yuri Nozawa, Ayako Okamura, Hibiki Fukuchi, Masamichi Shinohara, Sayaka Aizawa, Sakae Takeuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The elongation of primary feathers in neonatal chicks is delayed by the late-feathering K gene located on the Z chromosome. We recently found that the K gene slows feather growth by reducing the number of functional prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR) dimers. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which PRL promotes feather elongation. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry analyses revealed that PRLRs are predominantly localized in the pulp rather than in the epidermal layer of the feather follicle. Treatment of primary cultured feather pulp cells with PRL increased the expression of mRNAs for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs; IGF-1 and IGF-2) and type 2 deiodinase (DIO2). Furthermore, treatments with IGF-1 and triiodothyronine (T3) reciprocally enhanced the expression of mRNAs for DIO2 and IGFs. Additionally, BrdU staining in neonatal chicks showed that T3 promoted cell proliferation in both the epidermal layer and pulp cells, while this effect was suppressed by an IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor. These findings suggest a novel model in which PRL upregulates IGFs and DIO2 in feather pulp cells, creating a positive feedback loop between IGFs and T3, ultimately leading to the promotion of cell proliferation in both the epidermal layer and the pulp cells by IGFs. This is the first report proposing crosstalk between PRL, thyroid hormone (TH), and IGFs in feather follicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"114657"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A newly characterized CFSH gene in sex chromosomes is associated with growth instead of sexual development in the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii.","authors":"Xing-Lin Lai, Zhen-Hua Zhang, Jia-Yan Chen, Yu-Ru Liu, Wei-Kun Yun, Li-Ping Chen, Jie Chen, Gao-Feng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crustacean female sex hormone (CFSH) was first identified as a female eyestalk-specific factor involved in the female sexual development in blue crab. Whether CFSH has conserved role in other decapod species remains to be clarified. In this study, we identified a CFSH gene (MrCFSH) in the Z and W chromosomes from the prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii genome. The MrCFSH encodes a protein of 306 amino acids, including a signal peptide, a precursor-associated peptide, and a mature peptide. The MrCFSH transcripts was expressed in the brain, heart, and gonads in both female and male adults. During sexual development, the expression of MrCFSH transcripts gradually increased in female and male juveniles from post-larval 10 (PL10) to PL60 stages but no significant difference between the females and males at the same stages were found. To investigate its potential role in early sexual development, in vivo RNAi experiments were performed by injecting MrCFSH dsRNA into juveniles from PL30 to PL90 stages. After two months of administration, the sexual characteristics of the females and males were not affected, but the growth rate of juveniles was significantly inhibited compared to the control group injected with GFP dsRNA. The body length and body weight was reduced by 25%, 35%, 28%, 26%, and 69%, 76%, 65%, 61% in the juveniles at PL120, PL150, PL180 and PL210 stages, respectively. The body length and weight of males at PL210 stage were reduced by 22% and 54%, and those of females were reduced by 26% and 60%, respectively. Overall, our present study revealed that the MrCFSH is associated with growth instead of sexual development in the prawn M. rosenbergii.</p>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"114654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone II and its receptor regulate motility, morphology, and kinematics of porcine spermatozoa in vitro.","authors":"A T Desaulniers, C E Ross, R A Cederberg, K W Lovercamp, C A Lents, B R White","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The second form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-II) and its receptor (GnRHR-II) are abundantly produced within the porcine testis and immunolocalize within the seminiferous tubules, suggesting a role in spermatogenesis and/or sperm function. The objective of this study was to quantify GnRH-II and GnRHR-II abundance within boar reproductive tract tissues and examine their role in porcine sperm function. Immunoblotting revealed GnRHR-II abundance was 12-fold greater (P < 0.0001) within the testis compared with other reproductive organs. Within seminiferous tubules, GnRHR-II prominently immunolocalized to elongating spermatids. In ejaculated spermatozoa, GnRHR-II immunolocalized to the connecting piece. GnRH-II was also detected in seminal plasma, likely originating from the testis as GnRH-II concentrations were greatest in testicular homogenates (P < 0.0001) compared with other reproductive tissues. To assess the effects of GnRH-II/GnRHR-II on sperm function, extended semen samples were treated with GnRHR-II analogues and evaluated via computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). In Experiment 1, semen treatment with increasing concentrations of GnRHR-II agonist (D-ala⁶ GnRH-II) revealed that two concentrations (0.1 and 100 µM) tended to decrease the percentage of bent sperm tails versus vehicle-treated semen (P < 0.10). In Experiment 2, semen treatment with increasing concentrations of GnRHR antagonist (SB-75/Cetrorelix) indicated that only 10 µM SB-75 impaired CASA metrics compared with vehicle-treated samples (P < 0.05). In Experiment 3, semen treatment with both 100 µM D-ala⁶ GnRH-II and 10 µM SB-75 partially rescued sperm motility and morphology measures. These data suggest that GnRH-II and its receptor regulate porcine sperm function in an autocrine/paracrine manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"114653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementary and additive functions of TRα and TRβ during intestinal remodeling as revealed by ChIP-Seq analysis on wild type and TR knockout animals","authors":"Yuta Tanizaki ,&nbsp;Hongen Zhang ,&nbsp;Yun-Bo Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intestinal structure is drastically changed from fetal to adult form during postembryonic development, a period around birth in mammals. This process is regulated by thyroid hormone (T3) via its receptors, T3 receptor (TR) α and TRβ during anuran metamorphosis. Here, we used intestinal remodeling during <em>Xenopus tropicalis</em> metamorphosis, which serves as a model for human postembryonic development, to identify TR-bound genes and determine the relative contribution to target gene binding by TRα and TRβ. We first examined the localization of TRα and TRβ mRNA during metamorphosis in <em>Xenopus tropicalis</em> and found that TRα was broadly expressed in the intestinal tissues from premetamorphosis to the end of metamorphosis, while TRβ was expressed at low levels during premetamorphosis but was upregulated at the climax of metamorphosis when intestinal stem cells are formed and proliferate. Interestingly, both TR genes were co-expressed in different cell types, including stem cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq analyses of the intestine from wild type, TRα- or TRβ-knockout premetamorphic tadpoles treated with or without T3 for 18 h identified many TR-bound genes and revealed the effects of individual TR knockout on the binding of target genes by TR. We found that individual TR knockout reduced both the number of TR-bound genes and the extent of TR binding to target genes with TRα knockout had a much more dramatic effect than TRβ knockout. On the other hand, the TR-bound genes were largely common among the three genotypes. These findings suggest that both TRα and TRβ contribute to target binding with TRα having a bigger contribution in premetamorphic intestine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 114645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis) display varying degrees of stress resilience in response to constant light.","authors":"Kevin Pham, Madeline Lazenby, KayLene Yamada, Christine R Lattin, Haruka Wada","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability for traits to recover after exposure to stress varies depending on the magnitude, duration, or type of stressor. One such stressor is circadian rhythm disruption stemming from exposure to light at night. Circadian rhythm disruption may lead to long-term physiological consequences; however, the capacity in which individuals recover and display stress resilience is not known. Here, we exposed zebra finches (Taeniopygia castanotis) to constant light (24L:0D) or a regular light/dark cycle (14L:10D) for 23 days, followed by a recovery period for 12 days. We measured body mass, corticosterone, and glucose levels at multiple timepoints, and relative protein expression of glucocorticoid receptors at euthanasia. Body mass significantly increased over time in light-exposed birds compared to controls, but a 12-day recovery period reversed this increase. Baseline levels of circulating glucose decreased in light-exposed birds compared to controls, but returned to pretreatment levels after the 12-day recovery period. In contrast, the glucose stress response did not show a similar recovery trend, suggesting longer recovery is needed or that this is a persistent effect in light-exposed birds. Surprisingly, we did not detect any differences in baseline corticosterone or reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitiary-adrenal (HPA) axis between groups throughout the experiment. Moreover, we did not detect differences between relative protein expression of glucocorticoid receptors or a relationship with HPA axis reactivity. Yet, we found a positive relationship between glucocorticoid receptors and the glucose stress response, but only in the light group. Our results indicate that physiological and morphological traits differ in their ability to recover in response to constant light and warrants further investigation on the mechanisms driving stress resilience under a disrupted circadian rhythm.</p>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":" ","pages":"114644"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estradiol affects the expression of essential molecular factors involved in luteinizing hormone secretion in the plains vizcacha","authors":"Sofía Proietto ,&nbsp;Santiago Andrés Cortasa ,&nbsp;Alejandro Raúl Schmidt ,&nbsp;María Clara Corso ,&nbsp;Pablo Ignacio Felipe Inserra ,&nbsp;Noelia Paula Di Giorgio ,&nbsp;Victoria Lux-Lantos ,&nbsp;Alfredo Daniel Vitullo ,&nbsp;Julia Halperin ,&nbsp;Verónica Berta Dorfman","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plains vizcacha is a rodent that shows reactivation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovary (HPO) axis activity at mid-gestation. This process is enabled by the secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at mid-gestation, followed by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. However, a decrease in the pituitary GnRH receptor (GnRHR) expression is concomitantly determined. Moreover, an increment in the pituitary expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been determined. This work aimed to study the impact of estradiol (E2) on GnRHR expression, the transcription factors early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) and steroidogenic factor-1 (Sf-1), as well as on LH secretion. Three experimental approaches were performed: a physiological one with pregnant plains vizcachas, an <em>in vivo</em> approach with ovariectomized (OVX) animals treated with E2 (OVX + E2), and an <em>ex vivo</em> approach using pituitary glands exposed to a combination of GnRH and E2. Significant increased pituitary expression of Sf-1 and Egr-1 was determined at mid-gestation. Ovariectomy significantly increased adenohypophyseal expression levels of GnRHR, Egr-1, and Sf-1, as well as LH secretion. Then, OVX + E2 showed similar levels to SHAM. Adenohypophyses exposed to GnRH showed induced GnRHR, Egr-1, and Sf-1 expression, and LH secretion, while GnRH + E2 reverted these changes. The mid-gestation pituitary GnRHR decrease may result from the combination of increased E2 and GnRH secretion. Nevertheless, the increased expression of Egr-1 and Sf-1 at mid-gestation, together with LH release, suggests the tightly and complex regulatory system that takes place at mid-gestation, enabling a new progesterone surge that successfully carries the pregnancy to term.</div></div><div><h3>New &amp; Noteworthy</h3><div>A significant increment of Sf-1 and Egr-1 at the pituitary of mid-gestating plains vizcachas was determined. Moreover, E2 reverted GnRHR, Egr-1, Sf-1, and LH increase in ovariectomized vizcachas’ pituitaries and ex vivo pituitaries exposed to GnRH. The decrease of the pituitary GnRHR at mid-gestation may result from the increased E2 and GnRH levels. A tightly and complex regulatory system may take place at mid-gestation enabling a new surge of progesterone that carries pregnancy to term.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 114642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and functional analysis of six melanocortin-4-receptor-like (MC4R-like) mutations in goldfish (Carassius auratus)","authors":"Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Tianze Yang ,&nbsp;Haolin Mo,&nbsp;Mingxing Yao,&nbsp;Qingchuan Song,&nbsp;Huixia Yu,&nbsp;Yuyou Du,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Jiajia Yu,&nbsp;Lixin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melanocortin receptor-4 (MC4R) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family, characterized by a classical structure of seven transmembrane domains (7TMD). They play an important role in food intake and weight regulation. In the present study, we identified <em>melanocortin-4-receptor-like</em> (<em>caMC4RL</em>) mutants of goldfish from the Qian River in the Qin Ling region and characterized their functional properties, including the constitutive activities of the mutants, ligand-induced cAMP and ERK1/2 accumulation, and AMPK activation. The results show that six <em>caMC4RL</em> mutants were identified in goldfish from the Qian River in the Qin Ling region, and are located in the conserved position of the Cyprinidae MC4Rs. The mutations (E57K, P296S, and R302T/K) result in the loss of Gs signaling function. The mutations (P296 and R302T/K) exhibited biased signaling in response to ACTH stimulation in the MAPK/ERK pathway. In addition, the E57K mutant may play a role in weight regulation and could serve as molecular markers for molecular breeding. These data will provide fundamental information for functional studies of teleost GPCR mutants and MC4R isoforms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 114639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142618134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}