General and comparative endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular characterization of GPR84 in domestic cats","authors":"Ichiro Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Masaki Michishita ,&nbsp;Koki Fujita ,&nbsp;Tamami Sakai ,&nbsp;Noriyasu Sasaki ,&nbsp;Koh Kawasumi","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) was cloned as an orphan receptor, and medium-chain fatty acids were then revealed as endogenous ligands. GPR84 is expressed in immune cells and is believed to protect liver function from lipotoxicity caused by overeating and high-fat diet intake. This study aimed to present the molecular characterization of GPR84 in domestic cats. The deduced amino acid sequence of the feline GPR84 shows high sequence homology (83–89 %) with the orthologues from other mammalians by cDNA cloning of feline GPR84. Remarkably high mRNA expression was observed in the bone marrow by Q-PCR analysis. The inhibition of intracellular cAMP concentration was observed in cells transfected with feline GPR84 and treated with medium-chain fatty acids. Immunostaining of GPR84 and free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2)/GPR43 in the bone marrow, where high mRNA expression was observed, showed reactions in macrophages and myeloid cells. To clarify whether the receptor formed homo/hetero-merization, GPR84 and FFARs were analyzed using Nano-Luc binary technology and NanoLuc bioluminescence resonance energy transfer technologies, which revealed that GPR84 formed more heteromers with FFAR2 than homomers with each other. In addition, when GPR84 and FFAR2/GPR43 were cotransfected in the cell, their localization on the cell membrane was reduced compared with that when single receptors were transfected. These results indicated that GPR84 is a functional receptor protein that is expressed in cat tissues and may have a protein–protein interaction with FFAR2/GPR43 on the cell membrane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 114520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648024000819/pdfft?md5=92ca0f8f42e1aabd466b8edf2572ad02&pid=1-s2.0-S0016648024000819-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140631792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of myoinhibitory peptide signaling system and its implication in larval metamorphosis and spawning behavior in Pacific abalone","authors":"Sungwoo Park ,&nbsp;Mi Ae Kim ,&nbsp;Young Chang Sohn","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Myoinhibitory peptides (MIPs) affect various physiological functions, including juvenile hormone signaling, muscle contraction, larval development, and reproduction in invertebrates. Although MIPs are ligands for MIP and/or sex peptide receptors (MIP/SPRs) in diverse arthropods and model organisms belonging to Lophotrochozoa, the MIP signaling system has not yet been fully investigated in mollusks. In this study, we identified the MIP signaling system in the Pacific abalone <em>Haliotis discus hannai</em> (Hdh). Similar to the invertebrate MIPs, a total of eight paracopies of MIPs (named Hdh-MIP1 to Hdh-MIP8), harboring a WX_5-7Wamide motif, except for Hdh-MIP2, were found in the Hdh-MIP precursor. Furthermore, we characterized a functional Hdh-MIPR, which responded to the Hdh-MIPs, except for Hdh-MIP2, possibly linked with the PKC/Ca²⁺ and PKA/cAMP signaling pathways. Hdh-MIPs delayed larval metamorphosis but increased the spawning behavior. These results suggest that the Hdh-MIP signaling system provides insights into the unique function of MIP in invertebrates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 114521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140607163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline and stress-induced steroid plasma levels and immune function vary annually and are associated with vocal activity in male toads (Rhinella icterica)","authors":"Braz Titon Junior,&nbsp;Adriana Maria Giorgi Barsotti,&nbsp;Stefanny Christie Monteiro Titon,&nbsp;Renata Ibelli Vaz,&nbsp;Aymam Cobo de Figueiredo,&nbsp;Ronyelle Vasconcelos-Teixeira,&nbsp;Carlos A. Navas,&nbsp;Fernando Ribeiro Gomes","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Theoretical models predict that elevated androgen and glucocorticoid levels in males during the reproductive season promote immunosuppression. However, some studies report decreased stress response during this season. This study investigated annual variation in plasma corticosterone and testosterone levels, plasma bacterial killing ability (BKA), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in free-living male toads (<em>Rhinella icterica</em>). Toads were sampled in the field (baseline) and 1 h-post restraint over five months, and we considered the occurrence of vocal activity. Baseline corticosterone, testosterone, and BKA showed higher values during the reproductive period, specifically in calling male toads. The NLR was similar throughout the year, but higher values were observed in calling toads. Moreover, baseline NLR and BKA were positively correlated with both testosterone and corticosterone, suggesting higher steroid levels during reproduction are associated with enhanced cellular and humoral immunity. Despite fluctuation of baseline values, post-restraint corticosterone levels remained uniform over the year, indicating that toads reached similar maximum values throughout the year. Testosterone levels decreased following restraint before one specific reproductive period but increased in response to restraint during and after this period. Meanwhile, BKA decreased due to restraint only after the reproductive period, indicating immune protection and resilience to immunosuppression by stressors associated with steroid hormones during reproduction. Our results show that baseline and stress-induced hormonal and immune regulation varies throughout the year and are associated with vocal activity in <em>R. icterica</em> males, indicating a possible compromise between steroids and immune function in anuran males.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 114517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140772341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of TGF-β signaling in muscle atrophy, sarcopenia and cancer cachexia","authors":"Xin-Qiang Lan ,&nbsp;Cheng-Jie Deng ,&nbsp;Qi-Quan Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Min Zhao ,&nbsp;Bao-Wei Jiao ,&nbsp;Yang Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Skeletal muscle, comprising a significant proportion (40 to 50 percent) of total body weight in humans, plays a critical role in maintaining normal physiological conditions. Muscle atrophy occurs when the rate of protein degradation exceeds protein synthesis. Sarcopenia refers to age-related muscle atrophy, while cachexia represents a more complex form of muscle wasting associated with various diseases such as cancer, heart failure, and AIDS. Recent research has highlighted the involvement of signaling pathways, including IGF1-Akt-mTOR, MuRF1-MAFbx, and FOXO, in regulating the delicate balance between muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Myostatin, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, negatively regulates muscle growth and promotes muscle atrophy by activating Smad2 and Smad3. It also interacts with other signaling pathways in cachexia and sarcopenia. Inhibition of myostatin has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for sarcopenia and cachexia. Additionally, other TGF-β family members, such as TGF-β1, activin A, and GDF11, have been implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. Furthermore, myostatin cooperates with these family members to impair muscle differentiation and contribute to muscle loss. This review provides an overview of the significance of myostatin and other TGF-β signaling pathway members in muscular dystrophy, sarcopenia, and cachexia. It also discusses potential novel therapeutic strategies targeting myostatin and TGF-β signaling for the treatment of muscle atrophy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 114513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of seasonal changes in circulating cortisol concentrations with the expression of cortisol biosynthetic enzymes and a glucocorticoid receptor in the blubber of common bottlenose dolphin","authors":"Miwa Suzuki ,&nbsp;Noriko Funasaka ,&nbsp;Yuki Sato ,&nbsp;Daiki Inamori ,&nbsp;Yurie Watanabe ,&nbsp;Miki Ozaki ,&nbsp;Masayuki Hosono ,&nbsp;Hideaki Shindo ,&nbsp;Keiko Kawamura ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Tatsukawa ,&nbsp;Motoi Yoshioka","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cortisol is secreted from the adrenal cortex in response to stress, and its circulating levels are used as robust physiological indicators of stress intensity in various animals. Cortisol is also produced locally in adipose tissue by the conversion of steroid hormones such as cortisone, which is related to fat accumulation. Circulating cortisol levels, probably induced by cold stress, increase in cetaceans under cold conditions. However, whether cortisol production in subcutaneous adipose tissue is enhanced when fat accumulation is renewed during the cold season remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we examine the effect of environmental temperature on the expression of cortisol synthesis-related enzymes and a glucocorticoid receptor in the subcutaneous fat (blubber) and explore the association between these expressions and fluctuations in circulating cortisol levels in common bottlenose dolphins (<em>Tursiops truncatus</em>). Skin biopsies were obtained seasonally from eight female dolphins, and seasonal differences in the expression of target genes in the blubber were analyzed. Blood samples were collected throughout the year, and cortisol levels were measured. We found that the expressions of cytochrome P450 family 21 subfamily A member 2 (CYP21A2) and nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), a glucocorticoid receptor, were increased in the cold season, and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) showed a similar trend. Blood cortisol levels increased when the water temperature decreased. These results suggest that the conversion of 17-hydroxyprogesterone to cortisol via 11-deoxycortisol and/or of cortisone to cortisol is enhanced under cold conditions, and the physiological effects of cortisol in subcutaneous adipose tissue may contribute to on-site lipid accumulation and increase the circulating cortisol concentrations. The results obtained in this study highlight the role of cortisol in the regulation of the blubber that has developed to adapt to aquatic life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 114516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140545999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The uterus masculinus of the Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber L.) – The appraisal of fast hormone regulation by membrane androgen and estrogen receptors involvement” [Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 345 (2024) 114389]","authors":"M Kotula-Balak ,&nbsp;G. Lonc ,&nbsp;M. Zarzycka ,&nbsp;J. Tomiyasu ,&nbsp;K. Knapczyk-Stwora ,&nbsp;B.J. Płachno ,&nbsp;A.J. Korzekwa ,&nbsp;J. Kaczmarczyk ,&nbsp;I. Krakowska","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114502","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 114502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648024000625/pdfft?md5=de6cc03924b297a2eeae71ac99efbd3a&pid=1-s2.0-S0016648024000625-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140776598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can irisin be developed as the molecular evolutionary clock based on the origin and functions?","authors":"Junyu Chen ,&nbsp;Lijun Guo ,&nbsp;Chenglong Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Peng ,&nbsp;Jiaming Wu ,&nbsp;Huaidong Zhang ,&nbsp;Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Qin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Irisin, a myokine identified in 2012, has garnered research interest for its capacity to induce browning of adipocytes and improve metabolic parameters. As such, the potential therapeutic applications of this exercise-induced peptide continue to be explored. Though present across diverse animal species, sequence analysis has revealed subtle variation in the irisin protein. In this review, we consider the effects of irisin on disease states in light of its molecular evolution. We summarize current evidence for irisin's influence on pathologies and discuss how sequence changes may inform development of irisin-based therapies. Furthermore, we propose that the phylogenetic variations in irisin could potentially be leveraged as a molecular clock to elucidate evolutionary relationships.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 114515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140533811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal effects on glucose and ketone metabolism in a perfused liver of an elasmobranch, the North Pacific spiny dogfish, Squalus suckleyi","authors":"Alexandra N. Schoen ,&nbsp;Alyssa M. Weinrauch ,&nbsp;Ian A. Bouyoucos ,&nbsp;Jason R. Treberg ,&nbsp;W. Gary Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hormonal influence on hepatic function is a critical aspect of whole-body energy balance in vertebrates. Catecholamines and corticosteroids both influence hepatic energy balance via metabolite mobilization through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Elasmobranchs have a metabolic organization that appears to prioritize the mobilization of hepatic lipid as ketone bodies (e.g. 3-hydroxybutyrate [3-HB]), which adds complexity in determining the hormonal impact on hepatic energy balance in this taxon. Here, a liver perfusion was used to investigate catecholamine (epinephrine [E]) and corticosteroid (corticosterone [B] and 11-deoxycorticosterone [DOC]) effects on the regulation of hepatic glucose and 3-HB balance in the North Pacific Spiny dogfish, <em>Squalus suckleyi</em>. Further, hepatic enzyme activity involved in ketogenesis (3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase), glycogenolysis (glycogen phosphorylase), and gluconeogenesis (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) were assessed in perfused liver tissue following hormonal application to discern effects on hepatic energy flux. mRNA transcript abundance key transporters of glucose (<em>glut1</em> and <em>glut4</em>) and ketones (<em>mct1</em> and <em>mct2</em>) and glucocorticoid function (<em>gr</em>, <em>pepck</em>, <em>fkbp5</em>, and <em>11βhsd2</em>) were also measured to investigate putative cellular components involved in hepatic responses. There were no changes in the arterial-venous difference of either metabolite in all hormone perfusions. However, perfusion with DOC increased <em>gr</em> transcript abundance and decreased flow rate of perfusions, suggesting a regulatory role for this corticosteroid. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity increased following all hormone treatments, which may suggest gluconeogenic function; E also increased 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity, suggesting a function in ketogenesis, and decreased <em>pepck</em> and <em>fkbp5</em> transcript abundance, potentially showing some metabolic regulation. Overall, we demonstrate hormonal control of hepatic energy balance using liver perfusions at various levels of biological organization in an elasmobranch.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 114514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140533810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The expression profiles of cyp19a1, sf-1, esrs and gths in the brain-pituitary during gonadal sex differentiation in juvenile Japanese eels","authors":"Shan-Ru Jeng ,&nbsp;Guan-Chung Wu ,&nbsp;Wen-Shiun Yueh ,&nbsp;Pei-hua Liu ,&nbsp;Shu-Fen Kuo ,&nbsp;Sylvie Dufour ,&nbsp;Ching-Fong Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eels are gonochoristic species whose gonadal differentiation initiates at the yellow eel stage and is influenced by environmental factors. We revealed some sex-related genes were sex dimorphically expressed in gonads during gonadal sex differentiation of Japanese eel (<em>Anguilla japonica</em>); however, the expression of sex-related genes in the brain-pituitary during gonadal sex differentiation in eels is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the sex-related gene expressions in the brain-pituitary and tried to clarify their roles in the brain and gonads during gonadal sex differentiation. Based on our previous histological study, the control eels developed as males, and estradiol-17β (E2) was used for feminization. Our results showed that during testicular differentiation, the brain <em>cyp19a1</em> transcripts and aromatase proteins were increased significantly; moreover, the <em>cyp19a1</em>, <em>sf-1</em>, <em>foxl2s</em>, and <em>esrs</em> (except <em>gperb</em>) transcripts in the midbrain/pituitary also were increased significantly. Forebrain <em>gnrh1</em> transcripts increased slightly during gonadal differentiation of both sexes, but the <em>gnrhr1b</em> and <em>gnrhr2</em> transcripts in the midbrain/pituitary were stable during gonadal differentiation. The expression levels of <em>gths</em> and <em>gh</em> in the midbrain/pituitary were significantly increased during testicular differentiation and were much higher in males than in E2-feminized females. These results implied that endogenous estrogens might play essential roles in the brain/pituitary during testicular differentiation, <em>sf-1</em>, <em>foxl2s</em>, and <em>esrs</em> may have roles in <em>cyp19a1</em> regulation in the midbrain/pituitary of Japanese eels. For the GnRH-GTH axis, <em>gths</em>, especially <em>fshb</em>, may be regulated by <em>esrs</em> and involved in regulating testicular differentiation and development in Japanese eels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 114512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140554008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual role of pregnancy in breast cancer risk","authors":"Shiting Fu ,&nbsp;Hao Ke ,&nbsp;Huozhong Yuan ,&nbsp;Huaimeng Xu ,&nbsp;Wenyan Chen ,&nbsp;Limin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reproductive history is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer in women. Pregnancy can promote short-term breast cancer risk, but also reduce a woman’s lifetime risk of breast cancer. Changes in hormone levels before and after pregnancy are one of the key factors in breast cancer risk. This article summarizes the changes in hormone levels before and after pregnancy, and the roles of hormones in mammary gland development and breast cancer progression. Other factors, such as changes in breast morphology and mammary gland differentiation, changes in the proportion of mammary stem cells (MaSCs), changes in the immune and inflammatory environment, and changes in lactation before and after pregnancy, also play key roles in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. This review discusses the dual effects and the potential mechanisms of pregnancy on breast cancer risk from the above aspects, which is helpful to understand the complexity of female breast cancer occurrence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 114501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140287314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}