General and comparative endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Resistin in endocrine pancreas of sheep: Presence and expression related to different diets","authors":"Margherita Maranesi ,&nbsp;Elisa Palmioli ,&nbsp;Cecilia Dall'Aglio ,&nbsp;Daniele Marini ,&nbsp;Polina Anipchenko ,&nbsp;Elena De Felice ,&nbsp;Paola Scocco ,&nbsp;Francesca Mercati","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Resistin (RETN), a recently discovered adipokine, is a cysteine-rich and secretory protein produced by adipocytes. RETN has been detected in several tissues, including human and laboratory animals' pancreas, wherein impairs glucose tolerance and insulin (INS) action and causes INS resistance. This study aims to evaluate the presence and expression of RETN in the pancreas of 15 adult female sheep reared on Apennine pastures, which show a decrease in their nutritional value due to the drought stress linked to the increasing summer aridity. The sheep were divided into 3 groups according to the diet they were subjected to: maximum pasture flowering (MxF) group, maximum pasture dryness (MxD) group, and experimental (Exp) group which received a feed supplementation in addition to the MxD group feeding. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of the pancreas to detect the RETN presence and to evaluate the co-localization of RETN with both glucagon (GCG)- and INS-producing cells. In addition, the expression of the three molecules was evaluated also in relation to different diets.</p><p>RETN was observed only in the endocrine pancreas, showing a wide distribution throughout the pancreatic islets with few negative cells and the RETN producing cells colocalized with both α cells and ß cells. No differences in distribution and immunostaining intensity of RETN, GCG and INS were observed among the three groups. Quantitative PCR showed the expression of RETN, GCG and INS in all tested samples. No significant differences were observed for RETN and GCG among all three groups of sheep. Instead, a high statistically significant expression of INS was detected in the MxF group with respect to the Exp and MxD groups.</p><p>These results highlight the localization of RETN in GCG- and INS-secreting cells involved in glucose homeostasis suggesting a modulatory role for RETN. Furthermore, the RETN expression is not influenced by food supplementation and thus is not affected by diet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648024000121/pdfft?md5=1af61087e0d88364029c09c65425352c&pid=1-s2.0-S0016648024000121-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different hormonal treatments on spermatogenesis advancement in hatchery-produced greater amberjack Seriola dumerili (Risso 1810)","authors":"G. Ventriglia ,&nbsp;I. Fakriadis ,&nbsp;M. Papadaki ,&nbsp;R. Zupa ,&nbsp;C. Pousis ,&nbsp;M. Mandalakis ,&nbsp;A. Corriero ,&nbsp;C.C. Mylonas","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In earlier studies, wild-caught greater amberjack <em>Seriola dumerili</em> (Risso, 1810) males reared in sea cages showed gametogenesis impairment and low sperm production and quality. Here, we (a) examined if F1 hatchery-produced males reared in sea cages also exhibit reproductive dysfunctions and (b) evaluated the effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) administration through injections (GnRHa_inj) or sustained-release implants (GnRHa_impl), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hGC) injections on spermatogenesis/spermiation enhancement. Fish were given a hormone treatment just prior to the spawning season, and were transferred to land-based tanks, according to an established spawning induction protocol. Blood samples (n = 6) were obtained on Days 0, 7 and 13 after treatment. Testis samples were obtained on Days 0 (n = 4) and 13 (n = 2 per treatment). The fish prior to their transfer from the sea cages to the land-based tanks, exhibited a low gonadosomatic index, altered sex steroid hormone profile and high density of testicular apoptotic cells. After transfer to tanks, there was a general depression of sex steroid plasma levels parallel to an increase in cortisol concentrations. Despite the negative effect on steroidogenesis by the transfer from the sea, the hormonal treatments increased the number of fish from where sperm could be obtained, as well as testis growth, and reduced testicular apoptosis. Treatment with hCG resulted in the most significant changes in spermatogenesis, while GnRHa_impl appeared to induce less intense, but likely longer-lasting effects. The study indicated that F1 hatchery-produced males also exhibited reproductive dysfunctions as wild-caught captive-reared greater amberjack, and that the observed positive effects of the hormone treatments on spermiation/spermatogenesis were likely mediated by factors other than sex steroid hormones.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648024000078/pdfft?md5=e9cbb986fdc9d9ed5625a8e58ec7f643&pid=1-s2.0-S0016648024000078-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139432389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in the preferential diet of neotropical bats impacts the pancreatic islet mass and α and β cell distribution","authors":"M. Contini ,&nbsp;G.D. Cruz ,&nbsp;S.F. Althoff ,&nbsp;M.B. Freitas ,&nbsp;S.R. Taboga ,&nbsp;A. Rafacho","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Whether there is a relationship between bats' dietary patterns and evolutionary endocrine pancreas adaptation is not clearly understood. Aiming to contribute to this topic, we evaluated some metabolic and structural parameters in the following adult bats: the frugivorous <em>Artibeus lituratus</em>, the nectarivorous <em>Anoura caudifer</em>, the hematophagous <span><em>Desmodus rotundus</em></span>, and the insectivorous <em>Molossus molossus</em>. <em>A. lituratus</em> and <em>A. caudifer</em> diets consist of high amounts of simple carbohydrates, while <em>D. rotundus</em> and <em>M. molossus</em> diets consist of high amounts of proteins or protein and fat, respectively. In our results, <em>A. lituratus</em> and <em>A. caudifer</em> bats exhibited the highest values of relative islet mass (%), islet density (number of islets per pancreas area), and the lowest values of intestinal length among the four species. When adjusted by the body mass (mg/g of body mass), both <em>D. rotundus</em> and <em>A. caudifer</em><span> bats exhibited the highest islet mass values among the groups. Blood glucose was similar between </span><em>A. lituratus</em>, <em>D. rotundus</em>, and <em>M. molossus</em>, with the lowest values for the <em>A. caudifer</em> bats. <em>M. molossus</em><span> bats had the highest plasma cholesterol<span> values among the studied species but exhibited similar plasma triacylglycerol with </span></span><em>D. rotundus</em> and <em>A. caudifer</em> bats. β- and α-cell distribution within <em>A. lituratus</em>, <em>A. caudifer</em>, and <em>M. molossus</em> islets achieved an approximate average value of ∼ 66% and ∼ 28%, respectively, a pattern inverted in <em>D. rotundus</em> islets (53% of α cells and 40% of β cells). <em>A. caudifer</em> and <em>D. rotundus</em> exhibited the highest and the lowest β/α-cells ratio per islet, respectively. We conclude that the macronutrient predominance in each bat-eating niche correlates with the morphophysiological pancreas features being the nectarivorous <em>A. caudifer</em> the species with the highest islet mass per body mass and β/α-cells ratio, while the hematophagous <em>D. rotundus</em> showed the highest α-cells apparatus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139411979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testosterone regulates thymic remodeling by altering metabolic reprogramming in male rats","authors":"Dong Li ,&nbsp;Huan Yao ,&nbsp;Yonghao Ren ,&nbsp;Jiameng Shang ,&nbsp;Xinfa Han ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Cao ,&nbsp;Tianzeng Song ,&nbsp;Xianyin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The thymus is an energy-consuming organ, and its metabolism changes with atrophy. Testosterone regulates thymus remodeling (atrophy and regeneration). However, the characteristics of the energy metabolism during testosterone-mediated thymic atrophy and regeneration remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that testosterone ablation (implemented by immunocastration and surgical castration) induced global metabolic changes in the thymus. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment for differential metabolites and metabolite set enrichment analysis for total metabolites revealed that testosterone ablation affected thymic glycolysis, glutamate metabolism, and fatty acid β-oxidation. Testosterone ablation-induced thymic regeneration was accompanied by attenuated glycolysis and glutamate metabolism and changed fatty acid composition and content. Testosterone supplementation in immunocastrated and surgically castrated rats enhanced glutaminolysis, reduced the level of unsaturated fatty acids, enhanced the β-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the mitochondria, boosted the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and accelerated thymic atrophy. Overall, these results imply that metabolic reprogramming is directly related to thymic remodeling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139376676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining components of early thyroid hormone signalling through temperature-mediated activation of molecular memory in cultured Rana [lithobates] catesbeiana tadpole back skin","authors":"E.P. Evans,&nbsp;C.C. Helbing","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential signalling molecules for the postembryonic development of all vertebrates. THs are necessary for the metamorphosis from tadpole to froglet and exogenous TH administration precociously induces metamorphosis. In American bullfrog (<em>Rana [Lithobates] catesbeiana</em>) tadpoles, the TH-induced metamorphosis observed at a warm temperature (24 °C) is arrested at a cold temperature (4 °C) even in the presence of exogenous THs. However, when TH-exposed tadpoles are shifted from cold to warm temperatures (4 → 24 °C), they undergo TH-dependent metamorphosis at an accelerated rate even when the initial TH signal is no longer present. Thus, they possess a “molecular memory” of TH exposure that establishes the TH-induced response program at the cold temperature and prompts accelerated metamorphosis after a shift to a warmer temperature. The components of the molecular memory that allow the uncoupling of initiation from the execution of the metamorphic program are not understood. To investigate this, we used cultured tadpole back skin (C-Skin) in a repeated measures experiment under 24 °C only, 4 °C only, and 4 → 24 °C temperature shifted regimes and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses. RNA-seq identified 570, 44, and 890 transcripts, respectively, that were significantly changed by TH treatment. These included transcripts encoding transcription factors and proteins involved in mRNA structure and stability. Notably, transcripts associated with molecular memory do not overlap with those identified previously in cultured tail fin (C-fin) except for <em>TH-induced basic leucine zipper-containing protein (thibz)</em> suggesting that <em>thibz</em> may have a central role in molecular memory that works with tissue-specific factors to establish TH-induced gene expression programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139064775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraembryonic metabolism of corticosterone protects against effects of exposure","authors":"Emily P. Harders,&nbsp;Christina Charboneau,&nbsp;Ryan T. Paitz","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When females experience stress during reproduction, developing embryos can be exposed to elevated levels of glucocorticoids, which can permanently affect offspring development, physiology, and behavior. However, the embryo can regulate exposure to glucocorticoids. In placental species, the placenta regulates embryonic exposure to maternal steroids via metabolism. In a comparable way, recent evidence has shown the extraembryonic membranes of avian species also regulate embryonic exposure to a number of maternal steroids deposited in the yolk via metabolism early in development. However, despite the known effects of embryonic exposure to glucocorticoids, it is not yet understood how glucocorticoids are metabolized early in development. To address this knowledge gap, we injected corticosterone into freshly laid chicken (<em>Gallus gallus</em>) eggs and identified corticosterone metabolites, located metabolomic enzyme transcript expression, tracked metabolomic enzyme transcript expression during the first six days of development, and determined the effect of corticosterone and metabolites on embryonic survival. We found that yolk corticosterone was metabolized before day four of development into two metabolites: 5β-corticosterone and 20β-corticosterone. The enzymes, <em>AKR1D1</em> and <em>CBR1</em> respectively, were expressed in the extraembryonic membranes. Expression was dynamic during early development, peaking on day two of development. Finally, we found that corticosterone exposure is lethal to the embryos, yet exposure to the metabolites is not, suggesting that metabolism protects the embryo. Ultimately, we show that the extraembryonic membranes of avian species actively regulate their endocrine environment very early in development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139057728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of prolonged feeding of broodstock diet with increased inclusion of essential n-3 fatty acids on maturing and spawning performance in 3-year-old Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)","authors":"André S. Bogevik ,&nbsp;Aleksei Krasnov ,&nbsp;Erik Burgerhout ,&nbsp;Kjetil Berge ,&nbsp;Ida Martinsen ,&nbsp;Eirik Hoel ,&nbsp;Lars Erik Dalva ,&nbsp;Sigurd Kilane ,&nbsp;Jon Eriksen Vold ,&nbsp;Bjarne Aarhus ,&nbsp;Tone-Kari K. Østbye ,&nbsp;Grethe Rosenlund ,&nbsp;Thea Morken","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em>) broodstock recruits are normally fed a specialized diet with a higher content of essential nutrients for a limited time period prior to fasting and transfer to freshwater. Typically, this period lasts for about six months, but may vary among producers. Reduced use of marine ingredients in commercial salmon diets during the last decades has affected the content of essential nutrients, such as n-3 long chained polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), minerals and vitamins. Furthermore, to minimize the risk of losses and implement new breeding achievements faster, breeding companies have shortened the production cycle of broodstock from 4 to 3 years, which may affect the number of fish that are large enough to mature. In the present study, we have extended the broodstock feeding period from 6 to 15 months prior to the freshwater transfer giving a higher content of n-3 LC-PUFA (higher inclusion of marine oils) from February to December (Phase 1), and thereafter a diet with a higher energy content to ensure growth towards the spring and maturation (Phase 2). Four sea cages with approximately 80.000 salmon postsmolt, two sea cages with males and two with females, were given a control diet and an experimental diet. Samples were taken in Phase 1 at start (1.7 kg), mid (3.4 kg) and end Phase 1/start of Phase 2 (8.3 kg), and end of Phase 2 (13.4 kg). The fish were thereafter fasted, and selected fish transferred to landbased freshwater tanks where light and temperature were used to manipulate the spawning time of the fish in two groups (early or late). Due to disease in the facility, measures of egg quality and hatching were only obtained from the early group. During the trial and spawning period, biometrical measurements were recorded, and samples of liver, gonad, fillet and red blood cells (RBC) were collected for fatty acid composition and blood plasma for analysis of lipid and health-related parameters. Samples were also collected for gonadal transcriptomic analysis by microarray and qPCR (end Phase 2) and plasma steroids (end Phase 2, mid maturation and spawning). Males fed the test diet had a larger body size compared to the control group at the end of Phase 2, while no differences were observed between dietary groups for the females. Total mortality in the trial was lower in the test group compared to the control, losses were caused mainly by sea lice treatments, loser fish or cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS). The dietary LC-PUFA levels in the test diet were reflected in the tissues particularly during Phase 1, but only different in the fillet samples and eggs at the end of Phase 2 and at spawning. Plasma sex steroids content increased at mid maturation and showed lower levels of androgens and estrogens in females fed the test diet compared to the control. At the end of Phase 2, transcriptional analysis showed upregulation of steroidogenic enzymes, although not reflected in changes in plasma steroids in Phas","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016648023002393/pdfft?md5=50ebc20757a333780b6c103329c8655a&pid=1-s2.0-S0016648023002393-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138988551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis response to photoperiod changes in female guanacos (Lama guanicoe)","authors":"Lina Maria Correa ,&nbsp;Ricardo D. Moreno ,&nbsp;José Luis Riveros","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The guanaco, a wild South American camelid, is renowned for its remarkable resilience to extreme conditions. Despite this, little is known about how reproductive hormones in female camelids are influenced during their seasonal breeding period, which occurs during long photoperiod. To explore this, the study investigated the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary–gonadal axis in female guanacos during short days (10L:14D; July) and long days (16L:8D; December) in the Mediterranean ecosystem (33°38′28″S, 70°34′27″W). Blood samples from 14 adult animals were collected, and measurements of melatonin, 17β-estradiol, FSH, and LH concentrations were taken. The results showed that melatonin concentration was lower (P &lt; 0.05) during long days than short days, whereas 17β-estradiol, FSH, and LH concentrations were higher (P &lt; 0.05) during long days compared to short days. Furthermore, the study detected the expression of the melatonin receptor 1A and kisspeptin in the hypothalamus and pituitary, suggesting that the pineal gland of female guanacos is sensitive to seasonal changes in day length. These findings also indicate a seasonal variation in the concentration of reproductive hormones, likely linked to the distinct modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of female guanacos during short and long days.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phylogenetics-based nomenclature system for steroid receptors in teleost fishes","authors":"Kathleen M. Munley ,&nbsp;Andrew P. Hoadley ,&nbsp;Beau A. Alward","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Teleost fishes have emerged as tractable models for studying the neuroendocrine regulation of social behavior via molecular genetic techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Moreover, teleosts provide an opportunity to investigate the evolution of steroid receptors and their functions, as species within this lineage possess novel steroid receptor paralogs that resulted from a teleost-specific whole genome duplication. Although teleost fishes have grown in popularity as models for behavioral neuroendocrinology, there is not a consistent nomenclature system for steroid receptors and their genes, which may impede a clear understanding of steroid receptor paralogs and their functions. Here, we used a phylogenetic approach to assess the relatedness of protein sequences encoding steroid receptor paralogs in 18 species from 12 different orders of the Infraclass Teleostei. While most similarly named sequences grouped based on the established phylogeny of the teleost lineage, our analysis revealed several inconsistencies in the nomenclature of steroid receptor paralogs, particularly for sequences encoding estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). Based on our results, we propose a nomenclature system for teleosts in which Greek symbols refer to proteins and numbers refer to genes encoding different subtypes of steroid receptors within the five major groups of this nuclear receptor subfamily. Collectively, our results bridge a critical gap by providing a cohesive naming system for steroid receptors in teleost fishes, which will serve to improve communication, promote collaboration, and enhance our understanding of the evolution and function of steroid receptors across vertebrates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily in aphids: Contractions and duplications linked to phloem feeding","authors":"Han Gao,&nbsp;Yanxiao Li,&nbsp;Xianzhen Zhang,&nbsp;Hui Zhang,&nbsp;Ying Tian,&nbsp;Bin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) superfamily is the largest and most diverse transmembrane receptor family, playing crucial roles in regulating various physiological processes. As one of the most destructive pests, aphids have been subject to previous studies, which revealed fewer GPCR superfamily members in <em>Acyrthosiphon pisum</em> and <em>Aphis gossypii</em> and the loss of multiple neuropeptide GPCRs. To elucidate the contraction patterns and evolutionary features of the aphid GPCR superfamily, we identified 97, 105, and 95 GPCR genes in <em>Rhopalosiphum maidis</em>, <em>A. pisum</em>, and <em>A. gossypii</em>, respectively. Comparative analysis and phylogenetic investigations with other hemipteran insects revealed a contracted GPCR superfamily in aphids. This contraction mainly occurred in biogenic amine receptors, GABA-B-R, and fz families, and several neuropeptide receptors such as ACPR, CrzR, and PTHR were completely lost. This phenomenon may be related to the parasitic nature of aphids. Additionally, several GPCRs associated with aphid feeding and water balance underwent duplication, including Lkr, NPFR, CCHa1-R, and DH-R, Type A LGRs, but the SK/CCKLR that inhibits feeding was completely lost, indicating changes in feeding genes that underpin the aphid's prolonged phloem feeding behavior. Furthermore, we observed fine-tuning in opsins, with reduced long-wavelength opsins and additional duplications of short-wavelength opsin, likely associated with daytime activity. Lastly, we found variations in the number of <em>mthl</em> genes in aphids. In conclusion, our investigation sheds light on the GPCR superfamily in aphids, revealing its association with diet lifestyle and laying the foundation for understanding and developing control strategies for the aphid GPCR superfamily.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12582,"journal":{"name":"General and comparative endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138884727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}