Frontiers in Neurology最新文献

{"title":"The utility of artificial vestibular stimulation in decoding the pathophysiology of mal de débarquement syndrome.","authors":"Jun Maruta","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1560787","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1560787","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1560787"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11973082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the new definition of epilepsy on diagnosis, treatment, and short-term outcomes-A prospective study.","authors":"Lena Habermehl, Louise Linka, Kristin Krause, Alena Fuchs, Jenny Weil, Mariana Gurschi, Felix Zahnert, Leona Möller, Katja Menzler, Susanne Knake","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1564680","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1564680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 2014, the ILAE introduced a new definition of epilepsy that allows some patients to be diagnosed earlier than under the previously used definition. According to the old classification, the diagnosis was made after a second unprovoked seizure. The risk of this was 36% after the first seizure. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical impact of the new definition on diagnosis, treatment, and short-term outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 2018 to 2021, adult patients admitted with a first epileptic seizure were prospectively included. Demographic and clinical data were collected at baseline, at 6 and 12 months follow-up (FU). Factors affecting seizure recurrence, especially age, use of anti-seizure medication (ASM), interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) in the EEG, and the presence of structural lesions on imaging were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 235 patients were collected (41.7% female). Of these, 146 patients (62.1%) were diagnosed with epilepsy (PWE), following the new ILAE-criteria. Potential epileptogenic lesions on imaging were found in 49.3% of PWE. At the first FU (6.08 months ± 1.35), 143 patients (77.3%) were seizure-free, including 89 of the 146 patients diagnosed as PWE were seizure-free (70.6%). At the second FU (12.45 months ± 1.83), 129 patients (80.6%) were seizure-free. Seventy-seven of the PWE were seizure-free (72%). The use of ASM decreased (odds ratio = 0.46, <i>p</i> = 0.004) the recurrence rate significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that the new definition of epilepsy results in a higher frequency of epilepsy diagnosis and treatment. Short-term outcomes improved (1-year-recurrence rate of 19.4%).</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1564680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11973069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of exercise interventions on reducing the risk of depressive and cognitive disorders in post-stroke-a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zixian Yang, Shaokun Qin, Jiaxing Li, Cong Li, Ye Lu, Pei He, Jia Liu, Lin Pei","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1564347","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1564347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke patients often experience sequelae such as depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and abnormal physical function. Exercise intervention may be an effective and safe non-drug treatment to address these health issues.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this meta-analytical review was to explore the effects of exercise intervention programs on depressive symptoms, cognitive function, physical function, and quality of life in stroke patients, as well as to identify appropriate exercise programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven databases were searched from the library's construction until 30 August 2024. A meta-analysis was performed, and the risk of bias was assessed using Review Manager 5.4. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using Stata 16.0 software, and the overall certainty of the evidence was rated using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11,607 studies were identified. Among these, 20 studies, which included 1,848 patients, were considered eligible for this network meta-analysis. Compared to the control group, exercise significantly improved cognitive function (standard mean difference [SMD] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.40-1.75, <i>p</i> = 0.002), physical balance ability (mean difference [MD] = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.23-1.37, <i>p</i> < 0.01), physical walking ability (MD = 48.39, 95% CI = 8.06-88.72, <i>p</i> = 0.02), and quality of life. However, exercise had no significant effect on depressive symptoms (SMD = -0.2, 95% CI = -0.46-0.05, <i>p</i> = 0.11). A subgroup analysis indicated that a longer duration of exercise (> 3 months) can effectively improve depressive symptoms in stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicated that cognitive function, balance, walking speed, and quality of life of stroke patients improved following exercise intervention, and longer exercise duration (> 3 months) contributed to alleviating the depressive symptoms of stroke patients. Therefore, we recommend that stroke patients engage in physical exercise 3 times a week for 1 h each session. The exercise duration should continue for at least 3 months to ensure the best therapeutic effect. Furthermore, determining exercise intensity should be a personalized process-carefully customized to align with the physical capabilities and limitations of each patient.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, CRD42024520778.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1564347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11973079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing acute ischemic stroke outcome prediction by integrating radiomics features of DSC-PWI and perfusion parameter maps.","authors":"Huihui Yang, Yingwei Guo, Jiaxi Lu, Haseeb Hassan, Anbo Cao, Yingjian Yang, Mazen M Yassin, Asim Zaman, Xueqiang Zeng, Xiaoqiang Miao, Ziran Chen, Guangtao Huang, Taiyu Han, Huiling Qiu, Yu Luo, Yan Kang","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1528812","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1528812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accurate prediction of the prognostic outcomes for patients with ischemic stroke can contribute to personalized treatment decisions and improve life-saving outcomes. This study focuses on the performance of critical moments DSC-PWI in the prognostic prediction of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). It aims to integrate this with perfusion parameters to enhance prediction accuracy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Firstly, The radiomics technique employed to extract DSC-PWI features of critical moments and perfusion parameter features. Following this, a T-test and Lasso algorithm was used to select features associated with the prognosis. Subsequently, machine learning techniques were applied to predict the predictive outcomes of AIS patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experimental results showed that DSC-PWI sequences at three critical time points-the first moment after contrast injection, the moment of minimum mean time intensity, and the last moment, collectively referred to as 3PWI, had better prognostic prediction than a single perfusion parameter, achieving an optimal model AUC of 0.863. The performance improved by 23.9, 19.6, 6, and 24% compared with CBV, CBF, MTT, and Tmax parameters. The best prognostic prediction for AIS was obtained by integrating the radiomic features from both 3PWI and perfusion parameters, resulting in the highest AUC of 0.915.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Integrating the radiomics features of DSC-PWI sequences of three critical scan time points with those from perfusion parameters can further improve the accuracy of prognostic prediction for AIS patients. This approach may provide new insights into the prognostic evaluation of AIS and provide clinicians with valuable support in making treatment decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1528812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Vestibular migraine.","authors":"Juan Manuel Espinosa-Sanchez, Chia-Cheng Lin","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1587097","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1587097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1587097"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968392/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy for sleep fragmentation in Parkinson's disease: a pilot study based on polysomnography.","authors":"Jili Sheng, Yingying Sun, Tao Liu, Jianfang Zhu, Qinhong Zhang, Xiaoqing Jin","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1550250","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1550250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This pilot study aims to assess the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness. of acupuncture as an adjunct therapy for improving sleep quality in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) who are experiencing fragmented sleep disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This pilot study recruited a small cohort of 11 patients diagnosed. With PD, each undergoing a structured 4-week acupuncture intervention comprising three sessions per week. Outcome measures included polysomnography (PSG) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), both of which were evaluated at baseline and following the completion of the 4-week acupuncture regimen.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Post-intervention analysis showed trends toward improved sleep continuity with statistical significance in the sleep arousal index (<i>p</i> = 0.001), sleep arousal frequency (<i>p</i> = 0.001), and PSQI scores (<i>p</i> = 0.026) compared to baseline measurements. Importantly, no adverse events or complications were reported throughout the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that acupuncture provides preliminary evidence supporting its use as a feasible adjunctive therapy for improving sleep quality in individuals with PD. Further research is required to evaluate the long-term efficacy of acupuncture and to examine its practicality and feasibility for integration into established PD management protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1550250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968347/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting gut microbiota: a potential therapeutic approach for tumor microenvironment in glioma.","authors":"Fan Qi, Kaiqiang Meng, Xiaoping Zhao, Jing Lv, Lan Huang, Xiaoxuan Fan, Zhaoqun Feng","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1549465","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1549465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioma, being one of the malignant tumors with the highest mortality rate globally, has an unclear pathogenesis, and the existing treatment effects still have certain limitations. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and recurrence of glioma. As one of the important regulatory factors of TME, the gut microbiota can regulate the progression of glioma not only by interacting with the brain through the brain-gut axis but also by influencing the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and inflammatory microenvironment. Recent studies have identified the gut microbiota and TME as potential therapeutic targets for glioma. This paper aims to summarize the role of the gut microbiota in TME, the association between them and glioma, and the potential of developing new intervention measures by targeting the gut microbiota. Understanding the involvement process of the gut microbiota in glioma may pave the way for the development of effective treatment methods that can regulate TME and prevent disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1549465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11965986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Tongqiao Huashuan Granules' effect on hippocampal neuron autophagy in vascular dementia rats via the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway using network pharmacology and experimental validation.","authors":"Xiaoqu Jiang, Shuyao Yu, Shuaifeng Yao, Sikai Wang, Jing Cai, Zhongsheng Tang, Shijie Zhu","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1555411","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1555411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to apply network pharmacology to identify the active components and key targets of Tongqiao Huashuan Granules in vascular dementia (VaD) and to evaluate its effects on autophagy in hippocampal neurons of VaD rats through animal testing.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study first employed network pharmacology (NP) to identify potential components and pathway targets for THg intervention in VaD. A modified two-vessel occlusion (2-VO) method was subsequently analyzed to establish a VaD rat model. Following the interventions, the spatial learning and memory abilities of the rats were assess using a water maze experiment. Morphological and structural changes in neuronal cells within the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to assess the proportions of Beclin1-positive and LC3-positive cells in the CA1 region of each rat group, while performed Western blot analysis was conducted to measure protein expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, mTOR, p-mTOR, Beclin1, and LC3 in the hippocampal tissue of the rats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 76 active components were identified through network pharmacology analysis, with notable components including β-sitosterol, kaempferol, and cinnamophilin. In total, 825 key targets were identified, including IL1B, AKT1, JAK1, and MAPK3. THg and VaD shared 69 common genes. The Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis yielded a total of 569 items (BP: 366, CC: 97, MF: 106). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 143 signaling pathways, including TNF, MAPK, AGE-RAGE, and PI3K/Akt pathways. Subsequent validation experiments demonstrated that THg enhanced the learning and memory abilities of VaD rats, improve the morphology of neuronal cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, and decreasing the proportion of Beclin1-and LC3-positive cells in this region. Additionally, THg was shown to enhance the expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR proteins while reducing the expression levels of Beclin1 and LC3 proteins.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study represents the first investigation into the effects of THg intervention in VaD, indicating that its mechanism may involve inhibiting autophagy in hippocampal neurons through activation of the PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1555411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of prognosis in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Lixia Guo, Xudong Cao, Luyao Chang, Huandong Liu","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1553263","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1553263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for prognosis spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science were used for screening literature on NLR predicting ICH prognosis from database up to January 2024. Case-control or cohort studies that provided statistical analysis data on NLR predicting ICH prognosis were included. Data were combined using odds ratio (OR) and standard mean differences (SMD) for categorical variables and continuous variables, respectively. Meta-analysis, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses were performed by Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 15.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Meta-analysis of 21 studies with a total of 7,176 patients confirmed that NLR has a significant predictive value for mortality (SMD: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.58-1.02; OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.17) and neurological function outcomes (SMD: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.50-0.81; OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.17-1.41). NLR also significantly predicted the occurrence of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) (SMD: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.21-0.87). Subgroup analysis suggested that NLR had good predictive value for mortality in ICH patients aged ≥60 years, with hematoma volume > 15 mL, and NLR cut-off >7.5, and for neurological function in ICH patients, Asian patients, and those with NLR cut-off >7.5. The stability of the results was confirmed by sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NLR can significantly predict mortality, neurological function outcomes, and SAP occurrence in ICH patients. NLR cut-off >7.5 has good predictive value for both mortality and neurological function in ICH patients. Considering the limitations of this study, such as small sample size and potential heterogeneity, prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the findings of this article.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42024544506.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1553263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of cochlear implantation in large vestibular aqueduct syndrome-a retrospective cohort analysis.","authors":"Xiao Liu, Wanting Huang, Yunxiu Wang, Jingjing Xu, Lulu Xie, Lin Liu, Jia Chen","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1562198","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1562198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) typically manifests fluctuating, progressive, or sudden hearing loss. Cochlear implantation (CI) is a critical intervention for LVAS patients when hearing aids (HA) no longer confer sufficient benefit. However, determining the optimal timing for CI remains challenging due to the heterogeneous and unpredictable nature of hearing loss progression, particularly when audiological criteria for CI are met, and HA can still provide benefits. This study aimed to address these complexities by analyzing real-world data on the timing of CI and clinical decision-making processes in pediatric LVAS patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study reviewed the medical records of 74 pediatric patients (<18 years) with LVAS who underwent CI at a tertiary care hospital in China between 2010 and 2023. Clinical data, including newborn hearing screening (NBHS) results, methods of hearing loss identification, hearing levels at the initial audiological assessment (IAA), and patterns of hearing loss progression, were analyzed. Additionally, key milestones were evaluated, including age at hearing loss identification, IAA, and CI, and the durations between these events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age at CI was 4.9 years (IQR: 3.0-6.8), with a median duration from IAA to CI of 2.9 years (IQR: 1.6-5.2). Patients identified through NBHS underwent CI earlier than those identified through poor response to sound or language learning difficulties. Moreover, patients with poor performance at IAA had an earlier age at CI and shorter duration from IAA to CI. CI timing was comparable among different hearing loss progression patterns. Finally, among patients meeting CI criteria but still benefiting from HA, while those who directly underwent CI had an earlier age at implantation, their interval from IAA to CI was similar to those who initially underwent HA fitting.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of LVAS patients experience progressive hearing loss and undergo CI during early childhood. Failure of NBHS and poor auditory performance at IAA are indicative of rapid hearing deterioration. Once audiological criteria for CI are met, prolonged observation appears unnecessary. Nevertheless, further prospective longitudinal studies are warranted to refine the timing and decision-making process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1562198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}