Frontiers in Neurology最新文献

{"title":"The role of glucose disposal efficiency in predicting stroke among older adults: a cohort study.","authors":"Zongren Zhao, Yu Liu, Jinyu Zheng, Jing Li","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1540160","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1540160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glucose disposal rate (eGDR) has recently been validated as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, providing a novel approach to assess metabolic health. However, the relationship between changes in eGDR levels and stroke incidence remains underexplored. The current study aims to investigate the impact of eGDR control on stroke incidence and related events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the China Longitudinal Study on Health and Retirement (CHARLS). The analysis included 6,375 participants aged 45 and above with complete stroke and eGDR data from the CHARLS for 2011, 2013, and 2015. Logistic multivariable regression examined the relationship between eGDR and stroke, using threshold analysis to identify inflection points. we categorized participants into distinct subgroups based on sociodemographic variables to see the relationship between stroke and other variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 8,060 individuals analyzed in the cohort, 821 were diagnosed with new-onset stroke. There was a notable negative correlation found between new-onset risk of stroke and eGDR, with each Interquartile Range (IQR) increment in eGDR leading to a 38% risk reduction [OR: 0.62; 95% CI: (0.45,0.84)]. Stratified analyses revealed age as a potential modifier in the age-stroke relationship (<i>P</i> for interaction = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Poorly controlled eGDR level is associated with an increased risk of stroke in middle-aged and elderly people. Monitoring changes in eGDR may help identify individuals at high risk of stroke early.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1540160"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling chronic migraine patients according to clinical characteristics: a cluster analysis approach.","authors":"Masahito Katsuki, Yasuhiko Matsumori, Shin Kawamura, Kenta Kashiwagi, Akihito Koh, Tetsuya Goto, Kazuma Kaneko, Naomichi Wada, Fuminori Yamagishi","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1569333","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1569333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To group the characteristics of chronic migraine (CM) by headache characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 821 adult CM patients who visited a specialized outpatient clinic for headaches. Using the headache characteristics, we performed Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) clustering to group CM patients. The burdens to their lives, monthly headache days (MHD), monthly acute medication intake days (AMD), and treatment outcomes were evaluated among the clusters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through a cluster analysis based on headache characteristics, our findings indicated the potential existence of three distinct types of CM: cluster 1 (predominantly female with CM resembling migraine), cluster 2 (higher age, higher BMI, smoker), and cluster 3 (mostly female with CM that have fewer migraine characteristics). The impact on quality of life was significant in cluster 1 compared to cluster 3. However, there were no differences in treatment outcomes, initial MHD, AMD, the years of migraine, or treatment sensitivity among these three clusters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cluster analysis mathematically divided CM patients into three groups, with predominant differences in the degree of disruption to their lives and their characteristics; further research is needed on the diagnostic criteria for CM and its characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1569333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'UltraGUD LP'-ultrasound guided diagnostic LP-a randomizedcontrolled trial. Traditional landmark based lumbar puncture is as effective as ultrasound guided lumbar puncture in outpatient neurology settings.","authors":"Vijay Renga, Charlotte A Jeffreys, Afsha Tabasum, Todd A MacKenzie","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1521783","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1521783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lumbar puncture (LP) is a fundamental procedure in neurology, yet its success is influenced by patient anatomy and provider expertise. Ultrasound guidance has been shown to improve outcomes in emergency and anesthesia settings, but its effectiveness in outpatient neurology remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study (UltraGUD LP) aimed to compare the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided LP (US-LP) versus landmark-based LP (LM-LP) in an outpatient neurology setting, performed by a single experienced provider.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted from 2017 to 2022. Patients requiring LP were randomized to either LM-LP or US-LP. Success was defined as obtaining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within three attempts. Secondary outcomes included procedure time, incidence of traumatic taps, and post-LP headache rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both techniques had comparable success rates, with LM-LP achieving 91% and US-LP 100% (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Procedure time was significantly shorter for LM-LP (13 vs. 19 min, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The incidence of traumatic taps and post-LP headaches was similar between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a general outpatient neurology population, LM-LP is as effective as US-LP and requires less time. While US-LP may be beneficial for high-risk patients (e.g., obesity, prior back surgery), further studies are needed to confirm its superiority in these populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1521783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tenecteplase for ischemic stroke at 4.5 to 24 hours without thrombectomy: a cost-utility analysis from the perspective of Chinese healthcare system.","authors":"Maolin Chen, Ying Yu, Baozhong Yu, Yudan Cao, Yake Lou, Yudong Ma","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1551332","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1551332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tenecteplase improves functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated 4.5 to 24 h after symptom onset who do not undergo thrombectomy. However, its cost-utility remains unexamined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hybrid model combining a short-term decision tree and a long-term Markov model was developed to simulate the costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for Chinese patients with AIS at 4.5 to 24 h, who did not undergo thrombectomy. Clinical data were sourced from the TRACE-III trial, while cost data were obtained from the China National Stroke Registry and the Thrombolysis Implementation and Monitor of Acute Ischemic Stroke in China database. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Secondary outcomes included total costs, total QALYs and remaining life expectancy, as well as the incremental cost, incremental QALYs, and incremental remaining life expectancy. One-way sensitivity analysis, probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA), and scenario analysis were conducted to test the robustness of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For a Chinese patient with AIS treated within 4.5 to 24 h after symptom onset without thrombectomy, adding tenecteplase to standard care resulted in an incremental cost of 2,536 Chinese Yuan (CNY) and an increase of 0.40 QALYs, yielding an ICER of 6,386 CNY per QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis revealed that the most significant factors influencing the ICER were the efficacy and cost of tenecteplase. PSA and scenario analyses confirmed the robustness of these results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to standard medical treatment alone, administering intravenous tenecteplase between 4.5 and 24 h after onset for Chinese patients with AIS who did not undergo thrombectomy, is highly cost-effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1551332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ischemic stroke in young Asians caused by spontaneous cervical artery dissection may be due to slightly increased homocysteine.","authors":"Zijun Lin, Shuhan Huang, Wei Li","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1527896","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1527896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD) is a non-atherosclerotic vascular disease among young and middle-aged individuals of unknown etiology that is recognized as a cause of ischemic stroke. Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) is associated with an increased risk of sCAD, but the precise mechanism and level of tHcy remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fasting tHcy levels were determined in 296 patients with a first ischemic stroke due to sCAD (<i>n</i> = 159) and in age-/gender-matched hospital-based controls (<i>n</i> = 137) within 24 h after the onset of symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of sCAD patients with ischemic stroke and controls was 45.6 years; 61.0% of the cases and controls were male. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia in sCAD patients were significantly increased. Fasting tHcy levels in sCAD patients were significantly higher (12.81 ± 5.24 μmol/L, 95% CI: 11.79-13.89) than those in controls (10.21 ± 3.33 μmol/L, 95% CI: 9.92-11.89, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Compared with the lowest homocysteine quartile, the quartile between 12.1 and 14.54 μmol/L was significantly associated with sCAD, with an adjusted odds ratio of 4.7. The adjusted odds ratio was 5.02 (95% CI: 1.91-13.39, <i>p</i> = 0.001) for every 1 μmol/L increase in log homocysteine according to the logistic regression model. Although sCAD occurred more often in winter than in other seasons (<i>p</i> = 0.02), tHcy levels in sCAD were not significantly different in terms of seasonal variation (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that mildly increased tHcy may be a predisposing risk factor for ischemic stroke in young Asians caused by sCAD and that the relationship between them is significant; however, the precise mechanism requires further study. This result also supports the screening of fasting tHcy in young Asian adults for early intervention and control of tHcy levels, which plays an important role in early clinical prediction and intervention of sCAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1527896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term functional outcomes in patients with isolated cerebellar infarction: the KOSCO study.","authors":"Ho Seok Lee, Min Kyun Sohn, Jongmin Lee, Deog Young Kim, Yong-Il Shin, Gyung-Jae Oh, Yang-Soo Lee, Min Cheol Joo, So Young Lee, Min-Keun Song, Junhee Han, Jeonghoon Ahn, Young-Hoon Lee, Dae Hyun Kim, Young-Taek Kim, Yun-Hee Kim, Won Hyuk Chang","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1541245","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1541245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are relatively few reports on the long-term sequential functional recovery and prognosis in patients with cerebellar infarction. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term recovery of multifaceted functional outcomes up to 36 months after onset and the functional prognosis of isolated cerebellar infarction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective analysis of the Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation (KOSCO) data up to 36 months after onset. Isolated cerebellar infarction was defined as the presence of lesions in the cerebellum without lesions in other brain parenchyma. We assessed multifaceted functional domains, including motor (Fugl-Meyer Assessment, FMA), ambulatory (Functional Ambulation Category, FAC), cognitive (Korean Mini-Mental State Examination, K-MMSE), swallowing (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association National Outcome Measurement System Swallowing Scale, ASHA-NOMS), and language functions (Short version of the Korean Frenchay Aphasia Screening Test, Short K-FAST), using serial measurements. In addition, functional outcome was assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) up to 36 months after onset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 390 screened isolated cerebellar infarction patients, a total of 183 patients were included in this study. Cognitive (mean[SD] of K-MMSE 27.6 ± 3.6) and swallowing (ASHA-NOMS 6.8 ± 0.7) functions showed significant improvement up to 3 months (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Motor (FMA 98.8 ± 3.8) and language (ASHA-NOMS 6.9 ± 0.4) functions improved significantly up to 6 months (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, ambulatory function (FAC 4.7 ± 0.9) and functional independency (FIM 122.2 ± 12.0) continued to improve up to 12 months (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Vascular territory involving superior cerebellar artery, older age, female sex, and greater initial severity were identified as negative independent prognostic factors predicting functional outcome measured by FIM at 12 months after stroke.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The plateau of recovery in multifaceted functional outcomes varied among patients with cerebellar infarction. Functional independence plateaued at 12 months and showed a relatively favorable prognosis up to 36 months after stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1541245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11930828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The \"brain-gut\" mechanism of postherpetic neuralgia: a mini-review.","authors":"Peijun Zhang, Cuomaoji Zhang, Bixin Zheng, Yuntao Liu, Dingkun Zhang, Hong Xiao","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1535136","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1535136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a representative type of neuropathic pain, has attracted much research on its diagnosis and therapy at the molecular level. Interestingly, this study based on the brain-gut axis provided a novel point of view to interpret the mechanism of PHN. Past neuroanatomical and neuroimaging studies of pain suggest that the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and other regions of the brain may play crucial roles in the descending inhibition of PHN. Dominant bacterial species in patients with PHN, such as Lactobacillus, generate short-chain fatty acids, including butyrate. Evidence indicates that disturbance of some metabolites (such as butyrate) is closely related to the development of hyperalgesia. In addition, tryptophan and 5-HT in the intestinal tract act as neurotransmitters that regulate the descending transmission of neuropathic pain signals. Concurrently, the enteric nervous system establishes close connections with the central nervous system through the vagus nerve and other pathways. This review aims to investigate and elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with PHN, focusing on the interplay among PHN, the gut microbiota, and relevant metabolites while scrutinizing its pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1535136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of atorvastatin with subjective memory deficits: a study from the NHANES and FAERS databases.","authors":"Hao Zhang, Hua Huang, Panli Zhao","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1526959","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1526959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-marketing regulatory data suggest a potential association between atorvastatin use and memory protection; however, findings from observational studies have been inconsistent and remain a subject of controversy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the correlation between atorvastatin exposure and subjective memory deficits, with the objective of providing more precise safety and efficacy information for its clinical use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized two primary data sources: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) covering the years 2001 to 2018, and the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) spanning 2011 to 2018. We systematically analyzed the correlation between atorvastatin exposure and memory function using a range of statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, multivariate logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the analysis of the NHANES database, multivariate logistic regression modeling, after controlling for various factors such as demographic characteristics and lifestyle, revealed a significant association between atorvastatin use and a reduced risk of memory loss (OR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.15-0.79; <i>p</i> = 0.004). This suggests that atorvastatin may offer a protective effect on memory. Conversely, our analysis of the FAERS database identified 15,277 reports of adverse reactions associated with atorvastatin, of which 401 were related to psychiatric adverse events, including memory loss. This finding indicates that while atorvastatin may not generally increase the risk of memory loss, some patients may still experience these side effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study integrated data from NHANES and FAERS to provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between atorvastatin and memory function. On one hand, the NHANES findings support the potential benefits of atorvastatin in reducing the risk of memory loss. On the other hand, the FAERS data highlight specific cognitive side effects associated with the drug. Consequently, clinicians and patients should carefully consider both the potential benefits and risks of atorvastatin, taking into account individual patient differences and implementing appropriate monitoring strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1526959"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11930834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality traits, pain perception, and patient attitudes toward orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.","authors":"Monika Lorek, Anna Jarząbek, Magdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska, Sylwia Gołąb, Ewa Cichocka, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Krzysztof Woźniak, Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1547095","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1547095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orthodontic pain is defined as orofacial pain induced by orthodontic tooth movement. The application of orthodontic forces activates periodontal sensory receptors, resulting in a cascade of nociceptive pain processing and transduction in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, which is eventually felt by patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between pain perception, pressure pain threshold (PPT), attitude toward orthodontic treatment, and personality traits in adolescents treated with fixed orthodontic appliances.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 60 subjects aged 16 to 18 year-olds divided into 2 groups: group 1 consisted of 30 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances, and group 2 consisted of 30 untreated subjects. The tool for data collection was a questionnaire that assessed pain experience for treated subjects, pain expectation for untreated subjects, and attitude toward treatment using a visual analog scale (VAS) marked at 10-mm intervals. The assessment of patients' personality profiles was carried out using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). PPT was measured using a digital force algometer. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. The significance threshold was established at <i>p</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The multivariate analysis showed that treatment status was the only variable affecting patients' average attitude scores and average pain experience/expectation scores measured using a VAS, and average PPT scores (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Gender and personality traits did not affect PPT scores, pain intensity, and attitude toward treatment (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The results of the follow-up univariate analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the patients' average attitude toward treatment (<i>p</i> = 0.017) and PPT scores (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) between the treated and untreated groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Orthodontic treatment may impact the pressure pain thresholds measured using algometry and patient attitudes toward treatment. This knowledge is essential for orthodontists and patients, as the success of orthodontic treatment largely depends on the patient's cooperation and motivation, which may be affected by patient's attitude toward treatment and pain perception. This, in turn, encourages the search for effective methods of pain reduction during orthodontic treatment and attention to communication between orthodontists and patients for a good understanding of the procedures used.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1547095"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future applications of fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy in neuro-ophthalmology, neurology, and neurodegenerative conditions.","authors":"Daniel M Markowitz, Elizabeth Affel, György Hajnóczky, Robert C Sergott","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1493876","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fneur.2025.1493876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) has emerged as an innovative advancement in retinal imaging, with the potential to provide <i>in vivo</i> non-invasive insights into the mitochondrial metabolism of the retina. Traditional retinal imaging, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) intensity imaging, focus solely on structural changes to the retina. In contrast, FLIO provides data that may reflect retinal fluorophore activity, some of which may indicate mitochondrial metabolism. This review builds upon the existing literature to describe the principles of FLIO and established uses in retinal diseases while introducing the potential for FLIO in neurodegenerative conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12575,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neurology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1493876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}