Frontiers in Neuroanatomy最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: New insights in the neuroanatomy and neuropathology of marine mammals.","authors":"Simona Sacchini, Cristiano Bombardi","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1449199","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1449199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1449199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11247002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Localization of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in the vertebrate retinas across species and their physiological roles.","authors":"Daniel Kim, Hyeonhee Roh, Hyung-Min Lee, Sang Jeong Kim, Maesoon Im","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1445452","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1445452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2024.1385932.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1445452"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11223593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion channel profiles of extraocular motoneurons and internuclear neurons in human abducens and trochlear nuclei.","authors":"Ümit S Mayadali, Christina A M Chertes, Inga Sinicina, Aasef G Shaikh, Anja K E Horn","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1411154","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1411154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extraocular muscles are innervated by two anatomically and histochemically distinct motoneuron populations: motoneurons of multiply-innervated fibers (MIF), and of singly-innervated fibers (SIF). Recently, it has been established by our research group that these motoneuron types of monkey abducens and trochlear nuclei express distinct ion channel profiles: SIF motoneurons, as well as abducens internuclear neurons (INT), express strong Kv1.1 and Kv3.1b immunoreactivity, indicating their fast-firing capacity, whereas MIF motoneurons do not. Moreover, low voltage activated cation channels, such as Cav3.1 and HCN1 showed differences between MIF and SIF motoneurons, indicating distinct post-inhibitory rebound characteristics. However, the ion channel profiles of MIF and SIF motoneurons have not been established in human brainstem tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Therefore, we used immunohistochemical methods with antibodies against Kv, Cav3 and HCN channels to (1) examine the human trochlear nucleus in terms of anatomical organization of MIF and SIF motoneurons, (2) examine immunolabeling patterns of ion channel proteins in the distinct motoneurons populations in the trochlear and abducens nuclei.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the examination of the trochlear nucleus, a third motoneuron subgroup was consistently encountered with weak perineuronal nets (PN). The neurons of this subgroup had -on average- larger diameters than MIF motoneurons, and smaller diameters than SIF motoneurons, and PN expression strength correlated with neuronal size. Immunolabeling of various ion channels revealed that, in general, human MIF and SIF motoneurons did not differ consistently, as opposed to the findings in monkey trochlear and abducens nuclei. Kv1.1, Kv3.1b and HCN channels were found on both MIF and SIF motoneurons and the immunolabeling density varied for multiple ion channels. On the other hand, significant differences between SIF motoneurons and INTs were found in terms of HCN1 immunoreactivity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These results indicated that motoneurons may be more variable in human in terms of histochemical and biophysiological characteristics, than previously thought. This study therefore establishes grounds for any histochemical examination of motor nuclei controlling extraocular muscles in eye movement related pathologies in the human brainstem.</p>","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1411154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141491630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network analysis of marmoset cortical connections reveals pFC and sensory clusters.","authors":"Bernard A Pailthorpe","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1403170","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1403170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new analysis is presented of the retrograde tracer measurements of connections between anatomical areas of the marmoset cortex. The original normalisation of raw data yields the fractional link weight measure, FLNe. That is re-examined to consider other possible measures that reveal the underlying in link weights. Predictions arising from both are used to examine network modules and hubs. With inclusion of the in weights the InfoMap algorithm identifies eight structural modules in marmoset cortex. In and out hubs and major connector nodes are identified using module assignment and participation coefficients. Time evolving network tracing around the major hubs reveals medium sized clusters in pFC, temporal, auditory and visual areas; the most tightly coupled and significant of which is in the pFC. A complementary viewpoint is provided by examining the highest traffic links in the cortical network, and reveals parallel sensory flows to pFC and via association areas to frontal areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"18 ","pages":"1403170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11199858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141456287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional and cellular organization of the autism-associated protein UBE3A/E6AP and its antisense transcript in the brain of the developing rhesus monkey","authors":"Chavely Gonzalez Ramirez, Sarah G. Salvador, Ridthi Kartik Rekha Patel, Sarah Clark, Noah W. Miller, Lucas M. James, Nicholas W. Ringelberg, Jeremy M. Simon, Jeffrey Bennett, David G. Amaral, Alain C. Burette, Benjamin D. Philpot","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1410791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2024.1410791","url":null,"abstract":"Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by mutations or deletions in the maternally-inherited <jats:italic>UBE3A</jats:italic> allele, leading to a loss of UBE3A protein expression in neurons. The paternally-inherited <jats:italic>UBE3A</jats:italic> allele is epigenetically silenced in neurons during development by a noncoding transcript (<jats:italic>UBE3A-ATS</jats:italic>). The absence of neuronal UBE3A results in severe neurological symptoms, including speech and language impairments, intellectual disability, and seizures. While no cure exists, therapies aiming to restore UBE3A function—either by gene addition or by targeting <jats:italic>UBE3A-ATS</jats:italic>—are under development. Progress in developing these treatments relies heavily on inferences drawn from mouse studies about the function of UBE3A in the human brain. To aid translational efforts and to gain an understanding of UBE3A and <jats:italic>UBE3A-ATS</jats:italic> biology with greater relevance to human neurodevelopmental contexts, we investigated UBE3A and <jats:italic>UBE3A-ATS</jats:italic> expression in the developing brain of the rhesus macaque, a species that exhibits complex social behaviors, resembling aspects of human behavior to a greater degree than mice. Combining immunohistochemistry and <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> hybridization, we mapped UBE3A and <jats:italic>UBE3A-ATS</jats:italic> regional and cellular expression in normal prenatal, neonatal, and adolescent rhesus macaque brains. We show that key hallmarks of UBE3A biology, well-known in rodents, are also present in macaques, and suggest paternal <jats:italic>UBE3A</jats:italic> silencing in neurons—but not glial cells—in the macaque brain, with onset between gestational day 48 and 100. These findings support proposals that early-life, perhaps even prenatal, intervention is optimal for overcoming the maternal allele loss of <jats:italic>UBE3A</jats:italic> linked to AS.","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The amygdaloid body of the family Delphinidae: a morphological study of its central nucleus through calbindin-D28k","authors":"Simona Sacchini, Cristiano Bombardi, Manuel Arbelo, Pedro Herráez","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1382036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2024.1382036","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThe amygdala is a noticeable bilateral structure in the medial temporal lobe and it is composed of at least 13 different nuclei and cortical areas, subdivided into the deep nuclei, the superficial nuclei, and the remaining nuclei which contain the central nucleus (CeA). CeA mediates the behavioral and physiological responses associated with fear and anxiety through pituitary-adrenal responses by modulating the liberation of the hypothalamic Corticotropin Releasing Factor/Hormone.MethodsFive dolphins of three different species, belonging to the family Delphinidae (three striped dolphins, one common dolphin, and one Atlantic spotted dolphin), were used for this study. For a precise overview of the CeA’s structure, thionine staining and the immunoperoxidase method using calbindin D-28k were employed.ResultsCeA extended mainly dorsal to the lateral nucleus and ventral to the striatum. It was medial to the internal capsule and lateral to the optic tract and the medial nucleus of the amygdala.DiscussionThe dolphin amygdaloid complex resembles that of primates, including the subdivision, volume, and location of the CeA.","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological characteristics of cerebellum, pons and thalamus in Reccurent isolated sleep paralysis – A pilot study","authors":"Eva Miletínová, Monika Kliková, Amálie Dostalíková, Jitka Bušková","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1396829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2024.1396829","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionRecurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP) is a rapid eye movement sleep (REM) parasomnia, characterized by the loss of voluntary movements upon sleep onset and/or awakening with preserved consciousness. Evidence suggests microstructural changes of sleep in RISP, although the mechanism of this difference has not been clarified yet. Our research aims to identify potential morphological changes in the brain that can reflect these regulations.Materials and methodsWe recruited 10 participants with RISP (8 women; mean age 24.7 years; SD 2.4) and 10 healthy control subjects (w/o RISP; 3 women; mean age 26.3 years; SD 3.7). They underwent video-polysomnography (vPSG) and sleep macrostructure was analyzed. After that participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. We focused on 2-dimensional measurements of cerebellum, pons and thalamus. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS program. After analysis for normality we performed Mann–Whitney U test to compare our data.ResultsWe did not find any statistically significant difference in sleep macrostructure between patients with and w/o RISP. No evidence of other sleep disturbances was found. 2-dimensional MRI measurements revealed statistically significant increase in cerebellar vermis height (p = 0.044) and antero-posterior diameter of midbrain-pons junction (p = 0.018) in RISP compared to w/o RISP.DiscussionOur results suggest increase in size of cerebellum and midbrain-pons junction in RISP. This enlargement could be a sign of an over-compensatory mechanism to otherwise dysfunctional regulatory pathways. Further research should be done to measure these differences in time and with closer respect to the frequency of RISP episodes.","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-transcriptional regulation and subcellular localization of G-protein γ7 subunit: implications for striatal function and behavioral responses to cocaine","authors":"Oliver B. Pelletier, Gloria Brunori, Yingcai Wang, Janet D. Robishaw","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1394659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2024.1394659","url":null,"abstract":"The striatal D<jats:sub>1</jats:sub> dopamine receptor (D<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>R) and A<jats:sub>2a</jats:sub> adenosine receptor (A<jats:sub>2a</jats:sub>R) signaling pathways play important roles in drug-related behaviors. These receptors activate the G<jats:sub>olf</jats:sub> protein comprised of a specific combination of α<jats:sub>olf</jats:sub>β<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>γ<jats:sub>7</jats:sub> subunits. During assembly, the γ<jats:sub>7</jats:sub> subunit sets the cellular level of the G<jats:sub>olf</jats:sub> protein. In turn, the amount of G<jats:sub>olf</jats:sub> protein determines the collective output from both D<jats:sub>1</jats:sub>R and A<jats:sub>2a</jats:sub>R signaling pathways. This study shows the <jats:italic>Gng7</jats:italic> gene encodes multiple γ<jats:sub>7</jats:sub> transcripts differing only in their non-coding regions. In striatum, Transcript 1 is the predominant isoform. Preferentially expressed in the neuropil, Transcript 1 is localized in dendrites where it undergoes post-transcriptional regulation mediated by regulatory elements in its 3′ untranslated region that contribute to translational suppression of the γ<jats:sub>7</jats:sub> protein. Earlier studies on gene-targeted mice demonstrated loss of γ<jats:sub>7</jats:sub> protein disrupts assembly of the G<jats:sub>olf</jats:sub> protein. In the current study, morphological analysis reveals the loss of the G<jats:sub>olf</jats:sub> protein is associated with altered dendritic morphology of medium spiny neurons. Finally, behavioral analysis of conditional knockout mice with cell-specific deletion of the γ<jats:sub>7</jats:sub> protein in distinct populations of medium spiny neurons reveals differential roles of the G<jats:sub>olf</jats:sub> protein in mediating behavioral responses to cocaine. Altogether, these findings provide a better understanding of the regulation of γ<jats:sub>7</jats:sub> protein expression, its impact on G<jats:sub>olf</jats:sub> function, and point to a new potential target and mechanisms for treating addiction and related disorders.","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transorbital approach to the cavernous sinus: an anatomical study of the related cranial nerves","authors":"Alejandra Mosteiro, Marta Codes, Roberto Tafuto, Roberto Manfrellotti, Jorge Torales, Joaquim Enseñat, Alberto Di Somma, Alberto Prats-Galino","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1367533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2024.1367533","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe cavernous sinus (CS) is a demanding surgical territory, given its deep location and the involvement of multiple neurovascular structures. Subjected to recurrent discussion on the optimal surgical access, the endoscopic transorbital approach has been recently proposed as a feasible route for selected lesions in the lateral CS. Still, for this technique to safely evolve and consolidate, a comprehensive anatomical description of involved cranial nerves, dural ligaments, and arterial relations is needed.ObjectiveDetailed anatomical description of the CS, the course of III, IV, VI, and V cranial nerves, and C3-C7 segments of the carotid artery, all described from the ventrolateral endoscopic transorbital perspective.MethodsFive embalmed human cadaveric heads (10 sides) were dissected. An endoscopic transorbital approach with lateral orbital rim removal, anterior clinoidectomy, and petrosectomy was performed. The course of the upper cranial nerves was followed from their apparent origin in the brainstem, through the middle fossa or cavernous sinus, and up to their entrance to the orbit. Neuronavigation was used to follow the course of the nerves and to measure their length of surgical exposure.ResultsThe transorbital approach allowed us to visualize the lateral wall of the CS, with cranial nerves III, IV, V1-3, and VI. Anterior clinoidectomy and opening of the frontal dura and the oculomotor triangle revealed the complete course of the III nerve, an average of 37 (±2) mm in length. Opening the trigeminal pore and cutting the tentorium permitted to follow the IV nerve from its course around the cerebral peduncle up to the orbit, an average of 54 (±4) mm. Opening the infratrochlear triangle revealed the VI nerve intracavernously and under Gruber’s ligament, and the extended petrosectomy allowed us to see its cisternal portion (27 ± 6 mm). The trigeminal root was completely visible and so were its three branches (46 ± 2, 34 ± 3, and 31 ± 1 mm, respectively).ConclusionComprehensive anatomic knowledge and extensive surgical expertise are required when addressing the CS. The transorbital corridor exposes most of the cisternal and the complete cavernous course of involved cranial nerves. This anatomical article helps understanding relations of neural, vascular, and dural structures involved in the CS approach, essential to culminating the learning process of transorbital surgery.","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140615706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hippocampal neuroimmune response in mice undergoing serial daily torpor induced by calorie restriction","authors":"Valeria Cogut, Maaike Goris, Aukje Jansma, Marrit van der Staaij, Robert H. Henning","doi":"10.3389/fnana.2024.1334206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2024.1334206","url":null,"abstract":"Hibernating animals demonstrate a remarkable ability to withstand extreme physiological brain changes without triggering adverse neuroinflammatory responses. While hibernators may offer valuable insights into the neuroprotective mechanisms inherent to hibernation, studies using such species are constrained by the limited availability of molecular tools. Laboratory mice may serve as an alternative, entering states of hypometabolism and hypothermia similar to the torpor observed in hibernation when faced with energy shortage. Notably, prolonged calorie restriction (CR) induces serial daily torpor patterns in mice, comparable to species that utilize daily hibernation. Here, we examined the neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus of male C57BL/6 mice undergoing serial daily torpor induced by a 30% CR for 4 weeks. During daily torpor episodes, CR mice exhibited transient increases in TNF-α mRNA expression, which normalized upon arousal. Concurrently, the CA1 region of the hippocampus showed persistent morphological changes in microglia, characterized by reduced cell branching, decreased cell complexity and altered shape. Importantly, these morphological changes were not accompanied by evident signs of astrogliosis or oxidative stress, typically associated with detrimental neuroinflammation. Collectively, the adaptive nature of the brain’s inflammatory response to CR-induced torpor in mice parallels observations in hibernators, highlighting its value for studying the mechanisms of brain resilience during torpor. Such insights could pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions in stroke and neurodegenerative disorders in humans.","PeriodicalId":12572,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Neuroanatomy","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140598045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}