General Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Event segmentation in ADHD: neglect of social information and deviant theta activity point to a mechanism underlying ADHD.","authors":"Astrid Prochnow, Xianzhen Zhou, Foroogh Ghorbani, Veit Roessner, Bernhard Hommel, Christian Beste","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101486","DOIUrl":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents. Although the symptoms appear to be well described, no coherent conceptual mechanistic framework integrates their occurrence and variance and the associated problems that people with ADHD face.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The current study proposes that altered event segmentation processes provide a novel mechanistic framework for understanding deficits in ADHD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescents with ADHD and neurotypically developing (NT) peers watched a short movie and were then asked to indicate the boundaries between meaningful segments of the movie. Concomitantly recorded electroencephalography (EEG) data were analysed for differences in frequency band activity and effective connectivity between brain areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with their NT peers, the ADHD group showed less dependence of their segmentation behaviour on social information, indicating that they did not consider social information to the same extent as their unaffected peers. This divergence was accompanied by differences in EEG theta band activity and a different effective connectivity network architecture at the source level. Specifically, NT adolescents primarily showed error signalling in and between the left and right fusiform gyri related to social information processing, which was not the case in the ADHD group. For the ADHD group, the inferior frontal cortex associated with attentional sampling served as a hub instead, indicating problems in the deployment of attentional control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows that adolescents with ADHD perceive events differently from their NT peers, in association with a different brain network architecture that reflects less adaptation to the situation and problems in attentional sampling of environmental information. The results call for a novel conceptual view of ADHD, based on event segmentation theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"37 3","pages":"e101486"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11163598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the expert consensus on the digital therapeutics in addictive-related disorders","authors":"Wei Hao, Xuyi Wang, Dai Li, Gang Wang","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2023-101392","url":null,"abstract":"Addictive disorders have gained worldwide attention. The Chinese Association of Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment, along with the consensus panel on digital therapeutics (DTx) for addictive disorders, has published an expert consensus on DTx for addictive disorders.1 This consensus discusses and summarises the current research and application status of DTx for addictive disorders. It identifies its clinical value, application directions, research and development principles, and future prospects. As the consensus is published in Chinese, it may not be easily accessible to an international audience. To address this, we present here an overview of the expert consensus on DTx for addictive disorders in China. The recommendations from the consensus are summarised in table 1. View this table: Table 1 Summary of the recommendations in the consensus Substance-related and addictive disorders have a significant impact on both physical and mental health and represent a contributing factor to crime.2 According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, substance-related and addictive disorders refer to a broad range of substance-related disorders involving 10 distinct classes of drugs, including opioids, methamphetamines and alcohol.3 The detoxification process for substance-related and addictive disorders consists of three phases: physiological recovery to relieve withdrawal symptoms, psychological rehabilitation to reduce mental dependence and social function restoration to facilitate reintegration into daily life. The second phase, psychological rehabilitation, is often the most challenging.4 Conventional treatments such as pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and physical therapy face various limitations, including limited effectiveness, a shortage of skilled professional staff, high costs, long treatment duration and high dropout rates.5 DTx, driven by recent digital advancements, have emerged as a potential solution to these challenges. They are convenient, easy to implement and affordable, addressing the uneven distribution of conventional healthcare resources. DTx refer to digital technology measures supported …","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loneliness, social isolation and incident chronic kidney disease among patients with diabetes","authors":"Rui Tang, Jian Zhou, Xuan Wang, Hao Ma, Xiang Li, Yoriko Heianza, Lu Qi","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2023-101298","url":null,"abstract":"Background Individuals with diabetes have a significantly higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and higher levels of social isolation and loneliness compared with those without diabetes. Recently, the American Heart Association highlighted the importance of considering social determinants of health (SDOH) in conjunction with traditional risk factors in patients with diabetes. Aims To investigate the associations of loneliness and social isolation with incident CKD risk in patients with diabetes in the UK Biobank. Methods A total of 18 972 patients with diabetes were included in this prospective study. Loneliness and Social Isolation Scales were created based on self-reported factors. An adjusted Cox proportional hazard model was used to investigate the associations of loneliness and social isolation with CKD risk among patients with diabetes. The relative importance in predicting CKD was also calculated alongside traditional risk factors. Results During a median follow-up of 10.8 years, 1127 incident CKD cases were reported. A higher loneliness scale, but not social isolation, was significantly associated with a 25% higher risk of CKD, independent of traditional risk factors, among patients with diabetes. Among the individual loneliness factors, the sense of feeling lonely emerged as the primary contributing factor to the elevated risk of CKD. Compared with individuals not experiencing feelings of loneliness, those who felt lonely exhibited a 22% increased likelihood of developing CKD. In addition, feeling lonely demonstrated greater relative importance of predicting CKD compared with traditional risk factors such as body mass index, smoking, physical activity and diet. Conclusions This study indicates the significant relationship between loneliness and CKD risk among patients with diabetes, highlighting the need to address SDOH in preventing CKD in this population. Data are available upon reasonable request. This study has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource, approved project number 29256. The UK Biobank will make the source data available to all bona fide researchers for all types of health-related research that is in the public interest, without preferential or exclusive access for any persons. All researchers will be subject to the same application process and approval criteria as specified by UK Biobank. For more details on the access procedure, see the UK Biobank website (<http://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/register-apply>).","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising outcomes 5 weeks after a surgical cervical shunting procedure to unclog cerebral lymphatic systems in a patient with Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Xia Li, Chenpeng Zhang, Yuan Fang, Mei Xin, Jianbo Shi, Zhiyuan Zhang, Zhen Wang, Zhenhu Ren","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2024-101641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2024-101641","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the glymphatic system has been recognised as an important ‘waste solutes transport channel’ within the brain.1 Studies have shown that blockage of the glymphatic system leads to increased beta-amyloid deposits, accelerating the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).1 2 Given that cervical lymph nodes receive cerebrospinal fluid from the brain’s glymphatic system,3 4 we speculated that decompression of the lymphatic trunk and cervical lymphatic–venous anastomosis (LVA) could facilitate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the cranial glymphatic system, potentially accelerating the clearance of harmful beta-amyloid and tau proteins. We collaborated with surgeons who specialise in LVA supermicrosurgery for maxillofacial tumours and lymphoedema to develop a procedure to relieve the blockage of the glymphatic system. This surgery employs supermicrosurgery techniques to create LVA connecting the bilateral cervical, deep lymphatic vessels to the veins, resulting in lymphatic trunk decompression, which allows the lymph fluid in the high-pressure lymphatic vessels to flow into the low-pressure venous system. The goal of the minimally invasive surgery is to enhance the removal of proteins, such as beta-amyloid and tau, from the brain’s lymphatic systems to the maxillofacial lymphatic vessels, unclogging protein blockages within the brain. This extracranial procedure is safer than intracranial approaches. Following a thorough assessment of the safety and potential efficacy of the procedure, and securing ethics approval from the Ethics Committees of the Shanghai Mental Health Center and Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, we initiated an investigator-initiated trial of the ‘Cervical Shunting to Unclog cerebral Lymphatic …","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the frontoparietal network, clinical symptoms and treatment response in individuals with untreated anorexia nervosa.","authors":"Qianqian He, Hui Zheng, Jialin Zhang, Ling Yue, Qing Kang, Cheng Lian, Lei Guo, Yan Chen, Yanran Hu, Yuping Wang, Sufang Peng, Zhen Wang, Qiang Liu, Jue Chen","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101389","DOIUrl":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anorexia nervosa (AN) has been characterised as a psychiatric disorder associated with increased control. Currently, it remains difficult to predict treatment response in patients with AN. Their cognitive abilities are known to be resistant to treatment. It has been established that the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) is the direct counterpart of the executive control network. Therefore, the resting-state brain activity of the FPCN may serve as a biomarker to predict treatment response in AN.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The study aimed to investigate the association between resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the FPCN, clinical symptoms and treatment response in patients with AN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-control study, 79 female patients with AN and no prior treatment from the Shanghai Mental Health Center and 40 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited from January 2015 to March 2022. All participants completed the Questionnaire Version of the Eating Disorder Examination (version 6.0) to assess the severity of their eating disorder symptoms. Additionally, RSFC data were obtained from all participants at baseline by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients with AN underwent routine outpatient treatment at the 4th and 12th week, during which time their clinical symptoms were evaluated using the same measures as at baseline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 79 patients, 40 completed the 4-week follow-up and 35 completed the 12-week follow-up. The RSFC from the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) increased in 79 patients with AN vs 40 HCs after controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms. By multiple linear regression, the RSFC of the PPC to the inferior frontal gyrus was found to be a significant factor for self-reported eating disorder symptoms at baseline and the treatment response to cognitive preoccupations about eating and body image, after controlling for age, age of onset and body mass index. The RSFC in the dlPFC to the middle temporal gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus may be significant factors in the treatment response to binge eating and loss of control/overeating in patients with AN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alterations in RSFC in the FPCN appear to affect self-reported eating disorder symptoms and treatment response in patients with AN. Our findings offer new insight into the pathogenesis of AN and could promote early prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"37 3","pages":"e101389"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11131127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141161355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared genetic architecture highlights the bidirectional association between major depressive disorder and fracture risk.","authors":"Pianpian Zhao, Zhimin Ying, Chengda Yuan, Haisheng Zhang, Ao Dong, Jianguo Tao, Xiangjiao Yi, Mengyuan Yang, Wen Jin, Weiliang Tian, David Karasik, Geng Tian, Houfeng Zheng","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101418","DOIUrl":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is limited evidence suggesting that osteoporosis might exacerbate depressive symptoms, while more studies demonstrate that depression negatively affects bone density and increases fracture risk.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To explore the relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and fracture risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a nested case-control analysis (32 670 patients with fracture and 397 017 individuals without fracture) and a matched cohort analysis (16 496 patients with MDD and 435 492 individuals without MDD) in the same prospective UK Biobank data set. Further, we investigated the shared genetic architecture between MDD and fracture with linkage disequilibrium score regression and the MiXeR statistical tools. We used the conditional/conjunctional false discovery rate approach to identify the specific shared loci. We calculated the weighted genetic risk score for individuals in the UK Biobank and logistic regression was used to confirm the association observed in the prospective study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that MDD was associated with a 14% increase in fracture risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.14, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.15, p<0.001) in the nested case-control analysis, while fracture was associated with a 72% increase in MDD risk (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.64 to 1.79, p<0.001) in the matched cohort analysis, suggesting a longitudinal and bidirectional relationship. Further, genetic summary data suggested a genetic overlap between MDD and fracture. Specifically, we identified four shared genomic loci, with the top signal (rs7554101) near <i>SGIP1</i>. The protein encoded by <i>SGIP1</i> is involved in cannabinoid receptor type 1 signalling. We found that genetically predicted MDD was associated with a higher risk of fracture and <i>vice versa</i>. In addition, we found that the higher expression level of <i>SGIP1</i> in the spinal cord and muscle was associated with an increased risk of fracture and MDD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The genetic pleiotropy between MDD and fracture highlights the bidirectional association observed in the epidemiological analysis. The shared genetic components (such as <i>SGIP1</i>) between the diseases suggest that modulating the endocannabinoid system could be a potential therapeutic strategy for both MDD and bone loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"37 3","pages":"e101418"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11086190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on the well-being of healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Natasha Yixuan Ong, Finn Jing Jie Teo, Jane Zi Ying Ee, Chun En Yau, Julian Thumboo, Hiang Khoon Tan, Qin Xiang Ng","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101115","DOIUrl":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Growing evidence attests to the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), but their effectiveness for healthcare workers remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the evidence for MBIs in improving healthcare workers' psychological well-being.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted on Medline, Embase, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to 31 August 2022 using the keywords 'healthcare worker', 'doctor', 'nurse', 'allied health', 'mindfulness', 'wellness', 'workshop' and 'program'. Randomised controlled trials with a defined MBI focusing on healthcare workers and quantitative outcome measures related to subjective or psychological well-being were eligible for inclusion. R V.4.0.3 was used for data analysis, with the standardised mean difference as the primary outcome, employing DerSimonian and Laird's random effects model. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 27 studies with 2506 participants were included, mostly from the USA, involving various healthcare professions. MBIs such as stress reduction programmes, apps, meditation and training showed small to large effects on anxiety, burnout, stress, depression, psychological distress and job strain outcomes of the participants. Positive effects were also seen in self-compassion, empathy, mindfulness and well-being. However, long-term outcomes (1 month or longer postintervention) varied, and the effects were not consistently sustained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MBIs offer short-term benefits in reducing stress-related symptoms in healthcare workers. The review also highlights limitations such as intervention heterogeneity, reduced power in specific subgroup analyses and variable study quality.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42022353340.</p>","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"37 3","pages":"e101115"},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11086195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140911688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human lineage mutations regulate RNA-protein binding of conserved genes NTRK2 and ITPR1 involved in human evolution","authors":"Wenxiang Cai, Weichen Song, Shunying Yu, Min Zhao, Guan Ning Lin","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2023-101425","url":null,"abstract":"Background The role of human lineage mutations (HLMs) in human evolution through post-transcriptional modification is unclear. Aims To investigate the contribution of HLMs to human evolution through post-transcriptional modification. Methods We applied a deep learning model Seqweaver to predict how HLMs impact RNA-binding protein affinity. Results We found that only 0.27% of HLMs had significant impacts on RNA-binding proteins at the threshold of the top 1% of human common variations. These HLMs enriched in a set of conserved genes highly expressed in adult excitatory neurons and prenatal Purkinje neurons, and were involved in synapse organisation and the GTPase pathway. These genes also carried excess damaging coding mutations that caused neurodevelopmental disorders, ataxia and schizophrenia. Among these genes, NTRK2 and ITPR1 had the most aggregated evidence of functional importance, suggesting their essential roles in cognition and bipedalism. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a small subset of human-specific mutations have contributed to human speciation through impacts on post-transcriptional modification of critical brain-related genes. Data are available in a public, open access repository.","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141063493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic low-grade inflammation associated with specific depressive symptoms: insights from network analyses of five independent NHANES samples","authors":"Jingyu Lin, Haiming Huang, Tianmei Si, Lin Chen, Jingxu Chen, Yun-Ai Su","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2023-101301","url":null,"abstract":"To the editor: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disorder with varying symptom presentations and underlying biological mechanisms.1 The mainstream neurobiological hypotheses of depression involve monoamine neurotransmitters, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, immune-inflammation and the glutamate system.1 Numerous meta-analyses have reported that patients with MDD have a higher level of peripheral and cerebrospinal inflammatory markers, including C- reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).2 3 CRP, as an acute marker of reactant, is the most well-studied biomarker of MDD; numerous investigations revealed that elevated CRP was linked to core symptoms of MDD, including increased depressive mood4 and greater anhedonia.5 Several studies also have discovered links between CRP and cognitive symptoms (eg, difficulty concentrating)6 and suicidal behaviours.7 Moreover, CRP is more commonly reported in association with neurovegetative symptoms, including fatigue or loss of energy, changes in appetite and sleep problems.6 The association between CRP and specific symptoms remains unknown; uncovering specific symptoms driven by CRP could help identify the possible inflammatory subtypes of depression to pave the way for more specific anti-inflammatory treatments. The data for this secondary analysis was derived from five National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) samples (2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2015–2016 and 2017–2020). NHANES encompasses nationally representative community samples within the USA, and the surveys are designed to examine the nutritional status and physical and mental health. NHANES has been conducting ongoing 2-year cycles of surveys of a representative, stratified, multistage probability sample of the US population since 1999. Each wave of surveys recruits a different set of participants. Those who were chosen and consented to participate completed a computer-assisted interview done in their homes by trained staff. Following the home interview, all tests (including the blood draw) and additional interviews (including the assessment of depressive …","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140798885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding and addressing the challenges of online gambling addiction in mainland China","authors":"Gangliang Zhong, Jiang Du, Min Zhao","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2023-101477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2023-101477","url":null,"abstract":"Gambling in China has a long and evolving history, from ancient court cockfighting to preliberation casinos with games like baccarat.1 Over time, gambling in China has evolved to include a wide range of activities, including gaming machines, online gambling and commercial gambling. Despite being declared illegal and regulated after the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, gambling remains deeply ingrained in Chinese culture. While recreational gambling is widely accepted, it often leads to excessive time spent and an increased risk of problematic gambling behaviours. In recent years, the situation has been exacerbated due to the rise of online gambling, which is emerging as the predominant form of gambling in China.2 Online gambling platforms provide a virtual environment that offers short-term relief, excitement and distraction. Their clandestine nature makes them more appealing to vulnerable groups, including adolescents and problem gamblers. The diverse forms of online gambling increase the risk of excessive gambling and present greater challenges for regulation and management. Addressing the associated harms requires simultaneous attention from both regulatory and medical perspectives. Gambling in China has a complex landscape that includes various forms of recreational activities. While generally considered a major vice alongside pornography and drugs, certain forms of recreational gambling are widely accepted during social gatherings. Favourable attitudes towards gambling increase intention and the likelihood of engagement, as per expectancy-value models like the theory of planned behaviour.3 The perception that insignificant stakes mitigate potential consequences has led to widespread participation, excessive time spent and frequent engagement in gambling activities. However, these factors crucially contribute to the development of gambling disorder.4 In China, this has resulted in a distinct group of problem gamblers primarily experiencing negative consequences in terms of time loss rather than financial loss. Consequently, this outcome poses challenges to current screening and …","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140563267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}