General Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"A genome-wide association study of post-traumatic stress disorder in traumatised Chinese populations.","authors":"Kunlin Zhang, Mingyue Gao, Chengqi Cao, Yuwei Han, Ping Liu, Yajie Bi, Haibo Yang, Ling Xu, Li Wang","doi":"10.1002/gps3.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gps3.70006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"e70006"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13064582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147672245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-state connectivity and tobacco smoking in clinical high-risk for psychosis (NAPLS-3).","authors":"Merel Koster, Marieke van der Pluijm, Romy Veelers, Elsmarieke van de Giessen, Lieuwe de Haan, Guido van Wingen, Tim Ziermans, Jentien Vermeulen","doi":"10.1002/gps3.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gps3.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smoking is highly prevalent among people at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Large-scale brain networks have been linked to both psychosis and tobacco smoking. However, their relationship in CHR-P individuals remains unexplored, which may provide valuable insights into the potential neurobiological background of the co-occurrence.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The current study aimed to examine whether smoking is associated with altered resting-state network connectivity over time in CHR-P individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study 3 were used. At baseline, 486 CHR-P non-smokers and 101 CHR-P smokers were included, with 1128 scans across 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-month follow-up. Independent component analysis was used to extract functional connectivity for the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and left and right frontoparietal networks (FPN). Differences in within- and between-network strength of the networks of interest were assessed between smoking CHR-P and non-smoking CHR-P at baseline. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine associations between longitudinal connectivity changes and smoking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that smoking participants were generally light smokers. Smoking was not significantly associated with within- or between-network functional connectivity of the DMN, SN or FPN at baseline or over an 8-month period in CHR-P participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this large, longitudinal CHR-P sample, smoking was not linked to large-scale functional network connectivity alterations. The early illness stage and limited nicotine exposure may explain the absence of differences, contrasting with findings of reduced network connectivity in schizophrenia and chronic smokers. Future studies could examine connectivity changes over longer periods to determine whether connectivity alterations emerge with increased smoking, illness progression or both.</p>","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"e70002"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13015833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147520774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on the improvement of cognitive function in older patients with schizophrenia: A randomised controlled study.","authors":"Wei Xiang, Junjie Yang, Yan Chen, Shengke Pan, Li Bai, Shixing Qian, Yuchao Shi, Xinyi Cao, Yuan Shen, Xiaochen Tang, Wei Li, Chunbo Li","doi":"10.1002/gps3.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gps3.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in improving cognitive function in older inpatients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Randomised controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Cognitive improvement in hospitalised older patients with schizophrenia in Shanghai.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Fifty-one older inpatients with schizophrenia in Shanghai Mental Health Center.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The taVNS electrodes were placed on the skin with vagus nerve distribution in the taVNS group, whereas the electrodes were placed on the skin without vagus nerve distribution in the sham taVNS group. taVNS parameters included 25 Hz, the maximum tolerated current intensity (apparatus maximum load current ≤ 6 mA) and one 30-min session per day for 2 weeks, for a total of 10 interventions.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>The primary outcome was a neurocognitive assessment. Safety was the secondary outcome measure. After each treatment session, adverse reactions were assessed using the self-administered Adverse Reaction Assessment Scale. Four subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery were further considered: reaction time (RTI), paired associate learning (PAL), multitasking test (MTT) and spatial working memory (SWM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The time and interaction effects of between-group search errors were statistically significant (<i>F</i> = 9.51, <i>p</i> <  0.001). Compared to the sham taVNS, taVNS improved SWM performance in older patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the SWM performance after a single session of taVNS showed fewer errors in the taVNS group, whereas no such improvement was observed in the sham taVNS group. Unlike in SWM, there were no significant between-group differences in RTI, PAL or MTT after either a single stimulation or a session of 10 stimulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>taVNS may have the potential to improve SWM in older patients with schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"e70003"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13015834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147520804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A literature review of dementia literacy in China: From awareness to action as a driver of the 2024-2030 National Dementia Action Plan.","authors":"Huiling Lin, Jin Lu, Bao-Liang Zhong, Helen Fung-Kum Chiu","doi":"10.1002/gps3.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gps3.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>China is confronting a major public health challenge due to its rapidly ageing population and the world's largest number of people living with dementia. Low diagnosis rates, systemic care deficiencies and pervasive stigma further complicate this crisis. In response, the Chinese government launched the National Action Plan for Addressing Dementia in the Elderly (2024-2030), which sets a core goal of achieving 80% public awareness of dementia prevention and treatment. This literature review synthesises evidence on dementia-related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among key stakeholders in China-including the general public, older adults, family and professional caregivers and healthcare providers-to establish a national baseline for implementing the Action Plan. Drawing on published studies from national and regional surveys, community-based interventions and cross-sectional research, this review identifies major barriers: misconceptions that dementia is a 'normal' part of ageing, limited understanding of modifiable risk factors, entrenched stigma and inadequate training for caregivers and primary care providers. It also highlights methodological heterogeneity, a concentration of studies in eastern cities and limited evidence from rural and western regions, raising concerns about equity in both data and policy implementation. Although China's dementia literacy gaps resemble those in other middle- and high-income countries, the ambitious 80% awareness target underscores the need for broad, multistakeholder engagement. Achieving the Action Plan's objectives will require culturally sensitive, sustained public health education, stigma reduction initiatives, curriculum reform in medical and nursing training and systematic investment in dementia literacy and community support. To our knowledge, this is the first review to provide a national-level synthesis of dementia-related KAP across multiple stakeholder groups in China and to interpret these patterns as baseline evidence for the 2024-2030 National Dementia Action Plan.</p>","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"e70011"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13015838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147520736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of 6 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation over the prefrontal cortex on reward learning in men with methamphetamine use disorder: A pilot randomised double-blind trial.","authors":"Qianlan Yin, Tianzhen Chen, Yan Long, Daqing Shi, Taosheng Liu, Min Zhao, Jiang Du","doi":"10.1002/gps3.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gps3.70004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"e70004"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13064579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147672220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global burden of mental disorders among adolescents and young adults, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021.","authors":"Jiayi Tian, Na Yan, Xinyi Hu, Susu Tian, Yuhao Wang, Louisa Esi Mackay, Yunjiao Luo, Yingxue Wang, Yihan Wang, Yuxuan Liu, Blen Dereje Shiferaw, Huihang Lan, Wenjun Yan, Qingzhi Wang, Xiuyin Gao, Caiyi Zhang, Haibo Xu, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2025-102278","DOIUrl":"10.1136/gpsych-2025-102278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental disorders pose a significant global health burden, especially after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to characterise trends in the burden of mental disorders among adolescents and young adults by sex, age, sociodemographic index (SDI) quintile, region and country from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Estimates and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2021. The number and rate of DALYs, as well as the percentage change from 1990 to 2021, were estimated by sex, age, SDI quintile, region and country.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of DALYs for mental disorders increased from 26.1 (95% UI 19.3 to 34.4) million to 36.3 (26.6 to 48.1) million. The DALY rate increased from 1687.8 (1245.3 to 2225.4) per 100 000 population in 1990 to 1923.7 (1408.7 to 2548.4) per 100 000 population in 2021, representing a 14% (12% to 16%) increase. Females (16% (13% to 18%)) and individuals aged 15-19 years (16% (13% to 18%)) showed the greatest increase in DALY rates. Between 1990 and 2021, DALY rates rose significantly across all SDI quintiles and regions, except East Asia (-5% (-9% to -1%)). The most rapid increases were observed in parts of Latin America, particularly for anxiety and depressive disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The global burden of mental disorders among adolescents increased significantly from 1990 to 2021, necessitating attention to policies targeting high-risk populations and specific regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"38 6","pages":"e102278"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12730781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145833883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain morphological changes across behaviour spectrums in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Tianzheng Zhong, Feng Wang, Jianfeng Qiu, Weizhao Lu","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2025-102340","DOIUrl":"10.1136/gpsych-2025-102340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with behavioural symptoms and grey matter volume (GMV) changes. However, previous studies have not fully elucidated the progressive and causal GMV changes associated with behavioural symptoms in ADHD.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between GMV alterations and behavioural symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD using behaviour-causal structural covariance network (BCaSCN) analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data from 135 children and adolescents with ADHD and 182 neurotypical controls (NCs) were analysed. ADHD subtypes were identified based on GMV using a clustering algorithm to address the neuroanatomical heterogeneity. To investigate the causal relationships of GMV changes related to behavioural symptoms, sMRI data were sequentially ordered by ADHD index, inattentive index and hyperactive/impulsive index values to generate pseudo-time series data. These data were then analysed using region-of-interest-based BCaSCN analysis to explore potential progressive patterns of GMV change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neuroanatomical subtyping revealed two ADHD subtypes with distinct GMV patterns compared with NCs. BCaSCN analysis showed that ADHD subtype 1 was closely associated with inattentiveness, involving prominent nodes in the frontal regions and cerebellum. In contrast, ADHD subtype 2 was more strongly linked to overall disease severity, with the cerebellum and hippocampus as primary hubs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ADHD is associated with heterogeneous changes in GMV corresponding to distinct behavioural domains, highlighting the need for subtype-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"38 6","pages":"e102340"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12742076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145849321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and characteristics of off-label use of antidepressants in paediatric patients in China.","authors":"Xinyan Zhang, Jie Li, Ning Zhang, Tiebang Liu, Tianmei Si, Xiaoyan Nie, Luwen Shi","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2025-102229","DOIUrl":"10.1136/gpsych-2025-102229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"38 6","pages":"e102229"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12719884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145818859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving beyond diagnostic labels in psychiatry: outcome-linked treatment modelling.","authors":"Stanley Lyndon","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2025-102436","DOIUrl":"10.1136/gpsych-2025-102436","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"38 6","pages":"e102436"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12716495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145804016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of GW117 tablets in major depressive disorder: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 dose-finding study.","authors":"Yifeng Shen, Xiaonan Hao, Xiaoning Shi, Zhiping Tao, Xueqin Yu, Xueyi Wang, Xiaolan Di, Haibo Yang, Yingli Zhang, Jie Li, Zhiqiang Wang, Guangyong Zhang, Jingli Wang, Zhiwei Jiang, Ruiluan Wang, Jingjing Liu, Zhaoji Dong, Wei Gu, Hongyan Zhang","doi":"10.1136/gpsych-2025-102337","DOIUrl":"10.1136/gpsych-2025-102337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>GW117 (N-(2-(6-chloro-7-deuteromethoxy-naphthalen-1-yl) ethyl) acetamide) is a dual-acting agent (MT1/MT2 agonist, 5-HT_2C antagonist) with prior evidence of antidepressant efficacy and favourable safety.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To preliminarily evaluate the efficacy and safety of GW117 in major depressive disorder (MDD) and to explore the optimal dosing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 280 eligible patients aged 18-65 years with MDD were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to 8 weeks of double-blind treatment with fixed doses of GW117 tablets (20, 40, 60 mg/day) or placebo. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to Week 8 in the total score of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17 item (HAMD-17). Key secondary endpoints included changes in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score over the same period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the full analysis set (n=276), GW117 showed numerically greater reductions versus placebo in the HAMD-17 and MADRS total scores, as well as higher response rates at Week 8. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance, potentially due to a high placebo response and other contributing factors. In a post hoc analysis of an optimal subgroup (baseline HAMD-17 >24 or insomnia factor >4), GW117 showed efficacy in improving multidimensional symptoms, including insomnia. The 20 mg dose demonstrated a significant 3.66-point greater reduction in MADRS (p=0.026) and a 23.16% higher response rate (p=0.013) compared with placebo. GW117 was well-tolerated, with no cases of alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase exceeding 3× the upper limit of normal and no concerning safety signals reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This exploratory study found that GW117 demonstrated encouraging antidepressant efficacy and a favourable safety profile in patients with MDD. Although differences versus placebo did not reach statistical significance in the overall population, GW117 20 mg monotherapy showed significant improvements in multidimensional depressive symptoms, including insomnia, in the optimal response subgroup. No hepatotoxicity was reported, supporting its promising therapeutic potential for further clinical development.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>NCT06796868.</p><p><strong>Date of retrospective registration: </strong>23 April 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":12549,"journal":{"name":"General Psychiatry","volume":"38 6","pages":"e102337"},"PeriodicalIF":6.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12716496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145803999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}