Frontiers in Forests and Global Change最新文献

{"title":"Carbon sequestration and nitrogen loss drive the evolution of French forest soils","authors":"A. Saenger, Frédéric André, M. Jonard, Manuel Nicolas, Q. Ponette","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1338239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1338239","url":null,"abstract":"The temporal change of soil chemistry in the forest floor and mineral soil down to a depth of 40 cm was assessed for the 102 permanent plots of the French Network for the Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems (RENECOFOR), over a 15-year period (from 1993–1995 to 2007–2012). In examining the separate and joint evolutions of a large set of parameters, many significant changes were detected reflecting the fact that French forest soils were not in a steady state. A significant increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks was found, mainly in the surface soil (13.0% increase over the forest floor and the 0–10 cm layer). Conversely, the relative increase of the total nitrogen (Ntot) stocks was lower in the surface soil (4.8% increase), and a general and sharp decline of Ntot was detected between 10 and 40 cm depth (12.0% decrease). These results led to a substantial raise of C/N ratio over the whole soil profile. Another major finding is the difference in soil acidification recovery depending on the initial trophic level. In highly acidified contexts (top soil pH H2O < 4.5), increased soil acidification (pH and base saturation decrease, exchangeable Al increase) over the profile was observed while exchangeable base cation (Ca, Mg, K) pools increased. On the other hand, less acidic soils saw their global buffer capacity enhanced. These observations contrast with what is measured in other European inventories. While a previous study carried out on the same plots and over the same period highlighted SOC as a major driver of soil evolution in the top mineral soil, the possible mechanisms behind the large N decrease in the lower mineral soil remain to be confirmed.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stand structure is more important for forest productivity stability than tree, understory plant and soil biota species diversity","authors":"Tao Wang, Lingbo Dong, Zhaogang Liu","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1354508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1354508","url":null,"abstract":"The stability of forest productivity is an important management goal in order to sustain ecosystem services for an expanding human population and in the face of global climate change. Evidence from theoretical, observational, and experimental studies has demonstrated that higher biodiversity promotes stability of forest productivity. However, the majority of these studies have focused solely on tree diversity and have neglected the potentially important role of understory plant and soil biodiversity.In this study, we explain the effect of tree, understory woody and herbaceous plant, and soil biota (fauna, fungi, and bacteria) species diversity on forest productivity and its stability over time (2000–2020) across an area of Northeast China covering 145 million hectares. We explore the eight stand structure variables for stability of forest productivity and the relationship between productivity stability and tree, understory plant, and soil biota species diversity.Our results show no significant, direct impact of understory plant, soil fungi, and bacteria species diversity on the stability of the forest ecosystem. Tree species diversity indirectly affects productivity stability by directly influencing stand structure, whereas soil fauna species diversity indirectly influences stability through its relationship with tree species diversity. Stand structure is more important than tree and soil fauna species diversity for forest productivity stability. Specifically, increasing crown height (CH) from its minimum to maximum value leads to a substantial gain of 20.394 in forest productivity stability. In contrast, raising tree species diversity (α-Tree) and soil fauna species diversity (α-Fauna) from their minimum to maximum values results in a modest reduction of only 0.399 and 0.231 in forest productivity stability, respectively.To increase the stability of forest productivity in response to climate change, we should adjust the stand structure more in the process of management rather than just considering biodiversity. Overall, this study highlights the ecological risks associated with large-scale biotic homogenization under future climate change and management practices.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought-related root morphological traits and non-structural carbohydrates in the seedlings of the alien Quercus rubra and the native Quercus robur: possible implication for invasiveness","authors":"A. Di Iorio, Anna Claudia Caspani, Peter Beatrice, A. Montagnoli","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1307340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1307340","url":null,"abstract":"Quercus rubra L. is a moderately shade-tolerant tree species native to eastern North America, readily regenerating since its introduction in the Central and Southern European forests to displace the native pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). Under a scenario of increasing drought, understanding the seedling responses of these two species to water limitation is critical for forest conservation and management. To this aim, morphological, physiological and non-structural carbohydrates analyzes were performed on very-fine and fine roots of Q. robur and Q. rubra seedlings grown under controlled conditions and exposed to two levels of drought before allowing them to recover. Results show significant differences between species for all the investigated traits. The alien Q. rubra showed lower shoot and root biomasses than the native Q. robur, particularly for the thicker fine root 1–2 mm diameter class. However, both species equally invested more biomass in the shoot than the root system (R:S ratio <1). A significant response to drought was observed for the 0.5–1 mm fine root class, with moderate and severe droughted seedlings showing slightly higher biomass than control, particularly in Q. rubra. The overall growth reduction of Q. rubra suggests that the costs associated with the construction and maintenance outweigh the inputs from aboveground, as supported by the lower values of photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield (ΦPSII) of PSII and stomatal conductance. In particular, the reduced stomatal conductance assured high midday leaf water potential (i.e., tissue hydration levels) at the expense of growth. The low starch concentration in Q. rubra’s very-fine roots correlated positively with the low photochemical efficiency under drought conditions, probably due to the reduction of photosynthate inputs from aboveground. In contrast to the anisohydric behavior reported, these outcomes highlight a rather isohydric behavior for Q. rubra, at least at the seedling stage and in the adopted experimental conditions, making this species highly competitive under the drier condition in the canopy openings during the summer period.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variations in heterotrophic respiration from oil palm plantations on tropical peat soils","authors":"F. Manning, L. K. Kho, Timothy Charles Hill, Tiara Nales Nyawai, Elisa Rumpang, Y. Teh","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1236566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1236566","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm plantations growing on peat soil are associated with high soil CO2 emissions. Oil palm plantations are set up with regular spatial patterns consisting of different surface management microforms: bare soil harvest paths, frond piles, cover plants and drainage ditches. Currently, there is limited understanding about the extent that this spatial variation impacts soil carbon losses, in part due to the challenges of partitioning peat oxidation from total soil respiration. We explored this spatial variation by measuring total soil respiration (Rtot), root density and environmental variables at 210 locations. Measurements were taken along transects going from the base of oil palms into the different microforms. Rtot was partitioned into root respiration (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) using two different methods: (i) a “distance from palm” method (which utilizes the fluxes taken from soil with minimal root density) and (ii) a “linear regression” method (which models root density and Rtot, using the regression intercept for Rh). Here, the distance from palm partitioning method gave higher Rh estimates than the linear regression method. Rh varied significantly between the different palms used in the assessment but did not show significant spatial variation aside from this. Rtot and Ra were highest next to the palm and decreased with increasing distance from the palm. Rtot and Ra also showed significant spatial variation between the different surface management microforms, with each giving significantly higher fluxes below the frond piles near the drainage ditches than from below the frond piles near the cover plants. Area-weighted upscaling gave plantation best estimates of Rtot, Rh, Ra of 0.158 ± 0.016, and 0.130 ± 0.036 and 0.029 ± 0.030 g CO2-C m−2 h−1, respectively. We conclude that spatial patterns impact root density, Ra and Rtot fluxes but not Rh fluxes.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140485433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling rural energy pattern determinants: insights from forest-dwelling rural households in the Zagros Mountains, Iran","authors":"Ahmad Bazgir, R. Maleknia, Mehdi Rahimian","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1348461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1348461","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the determinants of energy sources among rural households in the forested regions of the Zagros Mountains in Iran.The research focuses on 157 forest villages, categorized into three groups based on their access to different fuel sources: wood, kerosene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and natural gas (NG). A survey was conducted among 346 rural households using a multi-stage stratified random sampling approach and a questionnaire.The findings reveal that firewood plays a significant role in household energy patterns, particularly in remote areas. Income is identified as a crucial determinant of energy structure, but non-income socio-economic factors also strongly influence energy patterns. Moreover, commercial energy sources exhibit higher energy efficiency, resulting in reduced annual energy consumption compared to the use of firewood as the primary fuel.The study emphasizes the urgent need to address the reliance on low-efficiency energy sources to mitigate deforestation risks. In countries like Iran, where forest resources are limited, transitioning from firewood to higher efficiency fuels becomes imperative for forest conservation and sustainability. The implications of this research underscore the importance of considering both economic and social dimensions in energy planning and interventions, promoting accessible and affordable alternatives to traditional biomass fuels, and designing targeted policies to encourage the adoption of cleaner and more efficient energy sources in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140484950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity, preference, and conservation priority of woody plant species in coffee agroforestry system in southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Zerihun Kebebew, Claire Ozanne","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1269141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1269141","url":null,"abstract":"The natural forest in southwest Ethiopia is progressively modified to coffee agroforest. To this effect forest composition and diversity is simplified to local preferred coffee shade trees. Woody plant species that are less managed require the conservation priority in coffee agroforest. The study aims at assessing diversity of plant species, investigating local people preference and finally identify woody plants for conservation priority in coffee agroforest in southwest Ethiopia. Data were collected on ecological and ethnoecological information through field assessment and individual interview. Vegetation data were collected from 63 plots distributed across five sites. Ethnoecological data were collected from 96 individuals across five villages living adjacent to the forest through semi-structured interview. The result showed that 48 different woody plant species belonging to 27 families were recorded. Most of the families were represented by single species. The regeneration status of these woody plant species are unsatisfactory or poor. Three species; Cordia africana, Croton macrostachyus, and Milletia ferruginea were accounting for 41 percent of the total number of woody plant species in coffee agroforest. The aggregate relative preference score showed 15 most preferred woody plant species in coffee agroforest. The use value of these species were cited mainly for timber, hanging beehive and beehive making than coffee shade. The findings suggest that 12 woody plants need high conservation priority, 19 species need moderate conservation priority and 17 woody plants need low priority for conservation. The Spearman correlation showed negative correlation between woody plant abundance and conservation priority [rs (46) = −0.681, p = 000]. The study findings suggest that woody plant conservation priority in coffee agroforest should take into consideration local preference of woody plant species.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140488009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of changing riparian topography on the decline of ecological indicators along the drawdown zones of long rivers in China","authors":"Muhammad Arif, Irene Petrosillo, Changxiao Li","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1293330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1293330","url":null,"abstract":"Riparian topographical features can drive a suite of ecological indicators (EIs) that shape the river ecosystem. The mechanisms that EIs reflect provide several ecosystem services. We know little about the responses of EIs (indicators of plant cover, regeneration, exotics, habitat, erosion, and stressors) to the changing stream-channel width, riparian width, and elevation of the lengthy drawdown zones (upstream, midstream, and downstream) of long rivers. We have discovered that changing topographical characteristics affect riparian buffer areas differently by using a rapid field-based method with 297 transects in inundated regions along the Yangtze River and other 36 linked tributaries in China. Changing stream-channel widths was most effective on downstream EIs and the least effective at midstream. The exotic parameters were the most affected (with a range of −0.36 < r < 0.401) by stream-channel widths, as determined using Pearson correlation (p < 0.05). In contrast, the changing riparian width had the uppermost impact on the upstream EIs and the lowermost impact downstream; riparian width had the most significant impact on habitat parameters (with r ≤ 0.787). The elevation followed the riparian width pattern and was negatively associated with habitat and exotics (r ≤ −0.645 and r ≤ −0.594) and positively correlated with regeneration (r ≤ 0.569). These results reaffirm the imperative need for studies on regionally dependent riparian areas maintained under the same management strategies regardless of their topographical features. Future policies should be formulated to enhance ecosystem service provision, promoting the sustainable use of extensive river ecosystems while considering EIs. Additionally, these future policies should acknowledge drawdown zone factors within the same river network. Furthermore, additional measures are imperative to conserve topographical features and prevent further destruction.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139525000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem capacitance: an integrative buffer against disturbance","authors":"Christopher M. Gough","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1326569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1326569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139532091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juvenile hormone III induction reveals key genes in general metabolism, pheromone biosynthesis, and detoxification in Eurasian spruce bark beetle","authors":"Rajarajan Ramakrishnan, Amit Roy, J. Hradecký, Marco Kai, Karel Harant, A. Svatoš, Anna Jirošová","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1215813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1215813","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, bark beetle Ips typographus, has caused extensive damage to European Norway spruce forests through widespread outbreaks. This pest employs pheromone-assisted aggregation to overcome tree defense, resulting in mass attacks on host spruce. Many morphological and behavioral processes in I. typographus are under the regulation of juvenile hormone III (JH III), including the biosynthesis of aggregation pheromones and associated detoxification monoterpene conjugates.In this study, we topically applied juvenile hormone III (JH III) and performed metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics in I. typographus both sexes, with focused aims; 1. Highlight the JH III-regulated metabolic processes; 2. Identify pheromone biosynthesis-linked genes; and 3. Investigate JH III’s impact on detoxification conjugates linked to pheromonal components.Numerous gene families were enriched after JH III treatment, including genes associated with catalytic and oxidoreductase activity, esterases, phosphatases, and membrane transporters. Sex-specific enrichments for reproduction-related and detoxification genes in females and metabolic regulation genes in males were observed. On the protein level were enriched metal ion binding and transferase enzymes in male beetles. After JHIII treatment, mevalonate pathway genes, including terminal isoprenyl diphosphate synthase (IPDS), were exclusively 35- folds upregulated in males, providing evidence of de novo biosynthesis of pheromone components 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and ipsdienol. In addition, cytochrome P450 genes likely involved in the biosynthesis of cis/trans-verbenol, detoxification, and formation of ipsdienol, were 3-fold upregulated in the male gut. The increase in gene expression correlated with the heightened production of the respective metabolites. Detoxification conjugates, verbenyl oleate in the beetle fat body and verbenyl diglycosides in the gut, were induced by JHIII application, which confirms the hormone regulation of their formation. The JH III induction also increased the gene contigs esterase and glycosyl hydrolase up to proteins from male gut tissue. The esterase was proposed to release pheromone cis-verbenol in adult males by breaking down verbenyl oleate. The correlating analyses confirmed a reduction in the abundance of verbenyl oleate in the induced male beetle.The data provide evidence of JH III’s regulatory role in the expression of genes and enzymes related to fundamental beetle metabolism, pheromone biosynthesis, and detoxification in Ips typographus.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139438249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Foliar, shoot, stem and rust diseases of trees IUFRO 2022","authors":"I. Munck, Julio Javier Diez-Casero, Salvatore Moricca, Philippe Tanguay, Pierluigi Bonello","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1356533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1356533","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139533294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}