Frontiers in Forests and Global Change最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum: Classification of tree symbiotic fungi based on hyperspectral imagery and hybrid convolutional neural networks","authors":"Zhuo Liu, Mahmoud Al-Sarayreh, Yanjie Li, Zhilin Yuan","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1285232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1285232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136298758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altitudinal shifting of major forest tree species in Italian mountains under climate change","authors":"S. Noce, Cristina Cipriano, M. Santini","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1250651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1250651","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has profound implications for global ecosystems, particularly in mountainous regions where species distribution and composition are highly sensitive to changing environmental conditions. Understanding the potential impacts of climate change on native forest species is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies. Despite numerous studies on climate change impacts, there remains a need to investigate the future dynamics of climate suitability for key native forest species, especially in specific mountainous sections. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by examining the potential shifts in altitudinal range and suitability for forest species in Italy's mountainous regions. By using species distribution models, through MaxEnt we show the divergent impacts among species and scenarios, with most species experiencing a contraction in their altitudinal range of suitability whereas others show the potential to extend beyond the current tree line. The Northern and North-Eastern Apennines exhibit the greatest and most widespread impacts on all species, emphasizing their vulnerability. Our findings highlight the complex and dynamic nature of climate change impacts on forest species in Italy. While most species are projected to experience a contraction in their altitudinal range, the European larch in the Alpine region and the Turkey oak in the Apennines show potential gains and could play significant roles in maintaining wooded populations. The tree line is generally expected to shift upward, impacting the European beech—a keystone species in the Italian mountain environment—negatively in the Alpine arc and Northern Apennines, while showing good future suitability above 1,500 meters in the Central and Southern Apennines. Instead, the Maritime pine emerges as a promising candidate for the future of the Southern Apennines. The projected impacts on mountain biodiversity, particularly in terms of forest population composition, suggest the need for comprehensive conservation and management strategies. The study emphasizes the importance of using high-resolution climate data and considering multiple factors and scenarios when assessing species vulnerability. The findings have implications at the local, regional, and national levels, emphasizing the need for continued efforts in producing reliable datasets and forecasts to inform targeted conservation efforts and adaptive management strategies in the face of climate change.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42163074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities and challenges of converging technology and blended finance for REDD+ implementation","authors":"Eun-Kyung Jang, Dongheon Kwak, Gayoung Choi, Jooyeon Moon","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1154917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1154917","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has been elevated within the new climate framework outlined by the Paris Agreement, placing a significant emphasis on encouraging nations to adopt and promote REDD+ strategies. The success of REDD+ is highly dependent on financial resources that aid in addressing and mitigating the primary causes of deforestation and forest degradation. Furthermore, REDD+ projects utilize technology to counter challenges such as land-use changes for agriculture, infrastructure development, illegal logging, fuelwood collection, and forest fires. This study investigates the status of REDD+ projects, which are aimed at combating global deforestation and climate change, supported by the Climate Technology Center Network (CTCN) and the Green Climate Fund (GCF), both of which are critical mechanisms under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). We examined these projects through the lenses of technology convergence and finance blending. The analysis revealed that the CTCN and GCF predominantly support projects leveraging technology for forest disaster management. In addition, the agricultural sector demonstrated the highest degree of technology convergence. The findings indicate that a strategic approach for securing private funding involves integrating mitigation and adaptation efforts in projects. Furthermore, partnerships can facilitate the blending of financial strategies to mitigate risks. The study highlights the potential of technology convergence in enhancing the feasibility of scaling up REDD+ projects by promoting stakeholder engagement and catalyzing the private capital influx.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45864488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNAi-chitosan biopesticides for managing forest insect pests: an outlook","authors":"Kanakachari Mogilicherla, Amit Roy","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1219685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1219685","url":null,"abstract":"The expanding world population demands superior forest protection to fulfil feasible environmental certainty. The persistent pest infestations negatively influence forest health and cause substantial economic losses. In contrast, the traditional use of conventional pesticides results in a loss of soil microbial biodiversity, a drop in the population of pollinators, and adverse effects on other non-target organisms, including humans. Global forestry is looking for solutions to reduce the adverse environmental effects of current chemical pesticides. RNAi-nanotechnology has recently drawn much attention for its use in pest management. The advantages of engineered RNAi-chitosan nano-formulations in terms of simple digestion and dissolution, non-toxicity, high adsorption power, potential biodegradation in nature, and widespread availability and cost-effectiveness, have been well documented for pest management in agroecosystems. However, deploying such control strategies in forest ecosystems is still pending and demands further research. Hence, we highlight the putative uses of RNAi-chitosan biopesticides and their preparation, characterization, and putative application methods for forest pest management. We also discussed potential environmental risks and plausible mitigation strategies.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42946878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of above ground biomass and soil organic carbon in the forests of Nepal under climate change scenario","authors":"Rajesh Malla, P. R. Neupane, Michael Köhl","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1209232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1209232","url":null,"abstract":"Many factors, such as climate, topography, forest management, or tree/forest attributes, influence soil organic carbon (SOC) and above-ground tree biomass (AGTB). This study focuses on assessing relationship between various predictor variables and response variables (SOC and AGTB) in the perspective of climate change scenario. The study was conducted throughout in Nepal using forest resource assessment data (2010–2014).Our study applied a random forest model to assess the status of SOC and AGTB under future climate change scenarios using 19 bioclimatic variables accompanied by other variables such as altitude, aspect, basal area, crown cover development status, distance to settlement forest types, number of trees, macro-topography, management regime, physiographic zones, slope, and soil depth. The study used 737 (70%) samples as a training data for model development while 312 (30%) samples as a testing data for model validation.The respective RMSE, RMSE% and adjusted R2 of the Random Forest Model for SOC estimation were found to be 9.53 ton/ha, 15% and 0.746 while same for the AGTB were 37.55 ton/ha, 21.74% and 0.743. Particularly, changes in temperature and precipitation showed an effect on the amount of SOC and AGTB in the projected scenario i.e., CMIP6, SSP2 4.5 for 2040–2060. The study found the amount of SOC decreased by 3.85%, while AGTB increased by 2.96% in the projected scenario. The proposed approach which incorporates the effect of bioclimatic variables can be a better option for understanding the dynamics of SOC and AGTB in the future using climatic variables.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45364904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of deforestation events in the tropics using multidimensional features of Sentinel 1 radar data","authors":"Chuanwu Zhao, Yaozhong Pan, Xiufang Zhu, Le Li, X. Xia, Shoujia Ren, Yuan Gao","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1257806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1257806","url":null,"abstract":"Many countries and regions are currently developing new forest strategies to better address the challenges facing forest ecosystems. Timely and accurate monitoring of deforestation events is necessary to guide tropical forest management activities. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is less susceptible to weather conditions and plays an important role in high-frequency monitoring in cloudy regions. Currently, most SAR image-based deforestation identification uses manually supervised methods, which rely on high quality and sufficient samples. In this study, we aim to explore radar features that are sensitive to deforestation, focusing on developing a method (named 3DC) to automatically extract deforestation events using radar multidimensional features. First, we analyzed the effectiveness of radar backscatter intensity (BI), vegetation index (VI), and polarization feature (PF) in distinguishing deforestation areas from the background environment. Second, we selected the best-performing radar features to construct a multidimensional feature space model and used an unsupervised K-mean clustering method to identify deforestation areas. Finally, qualitative and quantitative methods were used to validate the performance of the proposed method. The results in Paraguay, Brazil, and Mexico showed that (1) the overall accuracy (OA) and F1 score (F1) of 3DC were 88.1–98.3% and 90.2–98.5%, respectively. (2) 3DC achieved similar accuracy to supervised methods without the need for samples. (3) 3DC matched well with Global Forest Change (GFC) maps and provided more detailed spatial information. Furthermore, we applied the 3DC to deforestation mapping in Paraguay and found that deforestation events occurred mainly in the second half of the year. To conclude, 3DC is a simple and efficient method for monitoring tropical deforestation events, which is expected to serve the restoration of forests after deforestation. This study is also valuable for the development and implementation of forest management policies in the tropics.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43823900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction of farmland shelterbelts from remote sensing imagery based on a belt-oriented method","authors":"Rongxin Deng, Qunzuo Guo, Menghao Jia, Yuzong Wu, Qiwen Zhou, Zhengran Xu","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1247032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1247032","url":null,"abstract":"Farmland shelterbelts play a positive role in ensuring food security and ecological safety. The absence or degradation of shelterbelt structures can lead to fragmentation of the remotely extracted results. Conversely, shelterbelt maintenance and management system considers these shelterbelts as entire units, even if they are divided into several parts by the gaps in them. It is essential to propose a remote extraction method to fill in fragmented results and accurately represent the distribution of farmland shelterbelts.In this study, random forest algorithm was employed to classify land cover from ZY-3 (ZiYuan-3 satellite from China) imagery. Then, a thinning algorithm of mathematical morphology was applied to extract farmland shelterbelts, and the straight-line connection algorithm was used to connect central lines belonging to the same belt. Finally, the result was validated using nine uniformly distributed training sample areas across the entire region.This method achieved a correct identification rate of 94.9% within the training areas. Among the different regions, the highest identification accuracy recorded was 98.4% and the lowest was 87.7%. In conjunction with cropland information and the shape index of forest patches, it was possible to remove information for non-farmland shelterbelts without introducing external information. This approach achieved a more refined extraction of forestland information. The combination of the thinning algorithm and straight-line connection algorithm addressed the issue of fragmented results in farmland shelterbelt extraction, compensating for the limitations of relying solely on mathematical morphology for belt connectivity. The research method can provide technical support for the monitoring and management of farmland shelterbelts.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45334481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interannual variation in evapotranspiration in an urban forest reserve with respect to drought","authors":"Ruizhi Yang, Peng Liu, Yun Tian, Jingyong Ma, Yujie Bai, Cheng Li, Songyu Huang, Yanmei Mu, Muhammad Hayat, S. Iqbal, Haiqun Yu, Feng Zhang, Hong Ma","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1218005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1218005","url":null,"abstract":"A warming global climate is expected to perturb the hydrological cycle, resulting in deviations in both frequency and duration of drought and thus being hypothesized to lead to interannual variation in evapotranspiration (ET). Interannual variation in ET in urban forest ecosystems in response to drought remains poorly understood.Here, ET in an urban forest reserve in the megalopolis of Beijing was investigated using eddy-covariance measurements collected over six consecutive years (2012–2017).The mean annual cumulative ET was 462 ± 83mm (±first standard deviation), with a coefficient of variation of 18%. Interannual variation in both annual and monthly ET was shown to be largely controlled by canopy conductance (gs), affected by environmental factors. The main factors affecting interannual variation in monthly ET varied seasonally, namely, soil volumetric water content (VWC) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in spring, precipitation and soil temperature in summer, and VWC and net radiation (Rn) in autumn. Interannual variation in annual ET was driven largely by spring and mid-summer droughts induced by insufficient precipitation during the non-growing and mid-growing seasons, respectively. Spring drought reduced annual ET by restricting leafing out, shortening growing season length (GSL), and reducing the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The summer drought reduced annual ET by reducing stomatal conductance.Results from this study point to the importance of precipitation timing and volume and the soil moisture carry-over effect in controlling interannual variation in ecosystem ET. Irrigation during the early spring and mid-summer is viewed as a practical management measure for sustaining growth and better ecosystem services in urban forests in Northern China.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45062276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal characteristics and the national variations of borderland use change in Laos within the geopolinomical context","authors":"Yi Wang, Chi-wei Xiao","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1223605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1223605","url":null,"abstract":"Laos, the only landlocked country in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), has established over 40 geopolinomical mechanisms with its neighboring countries (including China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, and Myanmar), leading to significant land-use change (LUC) in the border areas. However, the spatial characteristics and national differences of LUC in the border areas of Laos remain unknown. Through the use of land-use products from 1985 to 2020 and by employing GIS spatial analysis, the results indicate that (1) LUC along the Laos border has led to severe and extensive deforestation, primarily attributed to the rapid expansion of construction land and the consistent growth of cropland. (2) With strengthened border cooperation, differences between LUC in Laos and its neighboring countries have decreased since 1985. (3) Cropland and construction land on the Laos–China and Laos–Thailand borders show obvious bordering characteristics, with increasing land-use homogeneity in near-border areas. In contrast, the Laos–Vietnam, Laos–Cambodia, and Laos–Myanmar borders display the opposite trend. (4) Port areas (e.g., Boten–Mohan port) driven by geopolinomical relations have drastic LUC, but they have huge differences. This study provides a database for quantitative research on the interaction between geopolinomical relations and border LUC to promote border geography, including impact and response.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47950805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAV-based thermography reveals spatial and temporal variability of evapotranspiration from a tropical rainforest","authors":"M. Bulusu, Florian Ellsäßer, C. Stiegler, J. Ahongshangbam, Isa Marques, H. Hendrayanto, A. Röll, D. Hölscher","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2023.1232410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2023.1232410","url":null,"abstract":"Evapotranspiration (ET) from tropical forests plays a significant role in regulating the climate system. Forests are diverse ecosystems, encompass heterogeneous site conditions and experience seasonal fluctuations of rainfall. Our objectives were to quantify ET from a tropical rainforest using high-resolution thermal images and a simple modeling framework. In lowland Sumatra, thermal infrared (TIR) images were taken from an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) of upland and riparian sites during both dry and wet seasons. We predicted ET from land surface temperature data retrieved from the TIR images by applying the DATTUTDUT energy balance model. We further compared the ET estimates to ground-based sap flux measurements for selected trees and assessed the plot-level spatial and temporal variability of ET across sites and seasons. Average ET across sites and seasons was 0.48 mm h–1, which is comparable to ET from a nearby commercial oil palm plantation where this method has been validated against eddy covariance measurements. For given trees, a positive correlation was found between UAV-based ET and tree transpiration derived from ground-based sap flux measurements, thereby corroborating the observed spatial patterns. Evapotranspiration at upland sites was 11% higher than at riparian sites across all seasons. The heterogeneity of ET was lower at upland sites than at riparian sites, and increased from the dry season to the wet season. This seasonally enhanced ET variability can be an effect of local site conditions including partial flooding and diverse responses of tree species to moisture conditions. These results improve our understanding of forest-water interactions in tropical forests and can aid the further development of vegetation-atmosphere models. Further, we found that UAV-based thermography using a simple, energy balance modeling scheme is a promising method for ET assessments of natural (forest) ecosystems, notably in data scarce regions of the world.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47927015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}