Frontiers in Forests and Global Change最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Women in tropical forests research 2022","authors":"G. V. D. van der Heijden, Alexandra Morel","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1358510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1358510","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of studies on fine and coarse root traits measurement: towards the enhancement of urban forests monitoring and management","authors":"Daniele Fantozzi, A. Montagnoli, D. Trupiano, Paolo Di Martino, G. Scippa, Gustavo Agosto, D. Chiatante, G. Sferra","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1322087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1322087","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of fine and coarse roots’ functional traits has the potential to reveal the performance of the root system, which is pivotal in tree growth, development, and failure in both natural and urban forest ecosystems. Furthermore, root traits may be a powerful indicator of tree resilience mechanisms. However, due to the inherent difficulties in measuring ‘the hidden half,’ and despite the recent advancements, the relationships among root functional traits and biotic and abiotic drivers still suffer from a lack of information. Thus, our study aimed to evidence knowledge milestones and gaps and to categorize, discuss, and suggest future directions for effective experimental designs in fine and coarse root studies. To this end, we conducted a systematic literature review supported by backward manual referencing based on 55 root functional traits and 136 plant species potentially suitable for afforestation and reforestation of natural and urban forest ecosystems. The majority of the 168 papers on fine and coarse root studies selected in our review focused predominantly on European natural contexts for a few plant species, such as Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Pinus cembra, and root functional traits such as standing biomass, phenology production, turnover rate, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). Additionally, the analyzed studies frequently lack information and uniformity in experimental designs, measurements, and statistical analysis, highlighting the difficult integration and comparison of outcomes derived from different experiments and sites. Moreover, no information has been detected in selected literature about urban forest ecosystems, while most of the studies focus on natural forests. These biases observed during our literature analysis led us to give key indications for future experiment designs with fine and coarse roots involved, which may contribute to the building up of common protocols to boost the monitoring, managing, and planning of afforestation and reforestation projects.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Retaining ecosystem legacies in forest management: effects on forest structures and functions","authors":"S. W. Simard, B. J. Pickles, Sm'hayetsk T. Ryan","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1379302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1379302","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140424422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing intra-annual growth dynamics in climatically contrasting years, sites, and tree species using dendrometers and wood anatomical data","authors":"Annette Debel, Zeynab Foroozan, M. Häusser, Stephan Raspe, Achim Bräuning","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1342413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1342413","url":null,"abstract":"Detecting the intra-annual dynamics and courses of secondary tree growth enables the accurate identification of crucial steps in the forming of a new tree ring. Furthermore, comparing the high-resolution recordings of tree growth with environmental conditions allows assessment of the influence of weather on wood formation processes. This study investigates the intra-annual growth performance of conifer species and European beech at two high- and two low-elevation sites in Bavaria, southeast Germany. We measured stem circumference changes with electronic band dendrometers and cambial dynamics by collecting microcores at biweekly intervals. We analyzed growth variations between the consecutive years 2020 and 2021, which showed distinct climatic differences during the growing seasons. While warm and dry conditions prevailed in spring and summer in 2020, spring in 2021 was comparatively cold, and summer precipitation was high. Different tree growth patterns were observed in the contrasting years 2020 and 2021. Distinct growth reductions occurred in the drier year 2020 for most of the studied tree species, while trees showed wider tree rings in 2021 despite of low growth rates at the beginning of the growing season. Climate-growth correlations exposed the intraseasonal influence of climatic conditions, particularly available soil water, water vapor pressure deficit, and soil temperature, on short-term tree responses. Wood anatomical analysis and daily stem diameter variations proved to be valid monitoring methods to assess individual wood formation processes and to identify species-specific tree responses to the influence of climatic conditions. However, combining both methods represents the most reliable approach due to the mutual ability to compensate for each other’s deficiencies. While dendrometers provided a very accurate and high-resolution record of intra-annual tree growth, wood anatomical analyses were more reliable in determining the exact onset and cessation of wood formation. For this reason, combining both is recommended for assessing prospective tree growth performance in the context of climate change.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140425040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire frequency, intensity, and burn severity in Kalimantan’s threatened Peatland areas over two Decades","authors":"Andres Schmidt, L. Ellsworth, Grace A. Boisen, N. Novita, Anjelita Malik, Adi Gangga, Israr Albar, Ati Dwi Nurhayati, Rasis Putra Ritonga, A. Asyhari, J. B. Kauffman","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1221797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1221797","url":null,"abstract":"Kalimantan, the Indonesian portion of the Island of Borneo, has an estimated 45,000 km2 of tropical peatland and represents one of the largest stocks of tropical peat carbon. However, over the last three decades, the peatlands of Indonesia, and Kalimantan in particular, have been heavily degraded or destroyed by drainage of peatland swamps, deforestation, land cover change for agriculture, and intentional burning. Many studies have examined degradation of peat forests and the associated frequency of fires, often focusing on specific regions of Kalimantan over limited periods. Here, we present our results of a spatially comprehensive, long-term analysis of peatland fires in Kalimantan over more than two decades from early 2001 to the end of 2021. We examined the effects of changing climate conditions, land cover change, and the regulatory framework on the total burned area and frequency and severity of peatland fires over a 21-year period by combining extensive datasets of medium-resolution and high-resolution satellite imagery. Moreover, surface fire intensity was modeled for four dominant land use/land cover types to determine how land use change alters fire behavior. Our results confirm a consistent and strong spatiotemporal correlation between hydro-climatological drivers associated with El Niño conditions on peatland fire frequencies and burned peatland area. Changes in the number of fires and burn severity are visible over time and are caused by a combination of large-scale meteorological patterns and changing regulations. A significant relative increase of the “high” and “very high” severity across all peatland fires in Kalimantan was found for the latest period from 2015 through 2021 by 12.1 and 13.4%, compared to the two previous 7-year periods from 2001 to 2007 period and from 2008 to 2014, respectively, whereas the total peatland area burned decreased in 2015 to 2021 by 28.7% on average compared to the previous periods. The results underline the importance of a comprehensive approach considering physical aspects of overarching climate conditions while improving political and regulatory frameworks to mitigate the negative effects of burning tropical peatlands.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140429236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative methods for integrating climate adaptation strategies into spatial decision support models","authors":"N. Povak, Patricia Manley, Kristen N. Wilson","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1286937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1286937","url":null,"abstract":"With the onset of rapid climate change and the legacy of past forest management and fire suppression policies, the capacity for forested landscapes to maintain core functionality and processes is being challenged. As such, managers are tasked with increasing the pace and scale of management to mitigate negative impacts of future large disturbances and improve resilience and climate adaptation of large landscapes. Such efforts require consensus building, with partners and stakeholders to determine where to allocate scarce resources. We present a methodology to identify strategic (where to go) and tactical (what to do) priorities across large landscapes to assist in project level planning. The model integrates a spatial assessment of current ecosystem resource conditions and spatial outputs from a landscape succession and disturbance simulation model (LANDIS-II) to assess the potential to achieve desired conditions under climate change with ongoing disturbances. Based on the expected trajectory of landscape conditions over time, the model applies fuzzy logic modeling to provide quantitative support for four management strategies (Monitor, Protect, Adapt, and Transform) across the landscape. We provide an example application of these methods targeting sustainable carbon loads across a 970,000 ha landscape in the central Sierras in California. By including future landscape conditions in the model, decisions made at the stand-level are inherently tied to and influenced by larger landscape-level processes that are likely to have the greatest impact on future landscape dynamics. The methods outlined here are able to incorporate multiple metrics to capture the many resources targeted by management. Model outputs could also be used as inputs into spatial optimization models to assess tradeoffs and synergies among treatment options and to aid in long-term planning.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140441673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree–litter–soil system C:N:P stoichiometry and tree organ homeostasis in mixed and pure Chinese fir stands in south subtropical China","authors":"Han Zhang, Xian Li, Sheng-qiang Wang, Chenyang Jiang, Yuhong Cui, Rongyuan Fan, Yahui Lan, Qianchun Zhang, S. Ye","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1293439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1293439","url":null,"abstract":"Cultivation of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) have alleviated timber shortages and mixed stands with Chinese fir and indigenous species represent a sustainable forestry model. Studying system nutrient balance and tree nutrient homeostasis can provide insights into the ecological advantages of Chinese fir mixed stands and guide the management of plantations.Mixed Chinese fir plantations with two native broadleaf species (Michelia macclurei and Mytilaria laosensis) and pure Chinese fir stands were examined for our study. The responses in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) distribution and their stoichiometric characterization in the tree–litter–soil system to stand changes were evaluated. In addition, the ecological stoichiometric homeostasis of leaves, branches, trunks, bark and roots was used to measure the trees’ adaptive capacity to stand changes.The results showed that the mixed stands of Michelia macclurei and Chinese fir significantly increased soil OC, TN, and TP, and improved the carbon sequestration and nutrient storage functions of the plantations. The mixed stands improved the litter mass and C:N and C:P to different degrees. The soil N and P imbalance reduced the leaf N:P, resulting in N limitation of different trees, while the principal component analysis showed that the improvement of soil TN in the mixed plantation alleviated the N limitation. In addition, mixed stands reduced N, P, and N:P homeostasis in branch, trunk, and bark of some Chinese fir trees, whereas mixed species showed flexibility in leaf N:P homeostasis.Therefore, the selection of mixed species for mixed forests is a critical factor to consider when creating mixed plantations. These results contribute to our understanding of the ecological stoichiometry of fir plantations and are of considerable importance for the sustainable development of plantations as well as for the response to global climate change.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140444307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forests serve vulnerable groups in times of crises: improved mental health of older adults by individual forest walking during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Kiki Ekiawan Lamatungga, M. Pichlerová, J. Halamová, M. Kanovský, Dhanalakshmi Tamatam, Daniela Ježová, V. Pichler","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1287266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1287266","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the effects of environment on the mental health of older adults is crucial in an aging society. Previous research concerning restorative benefits of forests almost entirely omitted older adults as the primary target group and typically involved group forest visits, which were largely restricted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we investigated the effects of individual walks on the mental health of adults aged 60 years or older (N = 54). A randomized parallel intervention study was conducted with one group walking in forests and the other in built-up city centres. Each participant completed eight individual 40-min walks during 1 month. Significant improvements in cognitive flexibility and heart rate variability (HRV) as an autonomic nervous system functioning indicator were established in the forest-walking group. The relationship between HRV and environment was modulated by ambient temperature. The study shows that access to forests during crises can support mental health of older adults as a vulnerable demographic.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrous oxide and nitric oxide fluxes differ from tea plantation and tropical forest soils after nitrogen addition","authors":"Galina Toteva, David S. Reay, Matthew R. Jones, Nicholas Cowan, Ajinkya Deshpande, B. Weerakoon, Sarath Nissanka, J. Drewer","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1335775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1335775","url":null,"abstract":"South Asia is experiencing a rapid increase in nitrogen (N) pollution which is predicted to continue in the future. One of the possible implications is an increase in gaseous reactive N losses from soil, notably in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO). Current knowledge of N2O and NO dynamics in forest ecosystems is not sufficient to understand and mitigate the impacts on climate and air quality. In order to improve the understanding of emissions from two major land uses in Sri Lanka, we investigated the emission potential for N2O and NO fluxes measured by absorption spectroscopy and chemiluminescence, respectively, in response to three different N addition levels (the equivalent of 0, 40 and 100 kg N ha−1 yr.−1 deposition in the form of NH4+) from soils of two typical land uses in Sri Lanka: a secondary montane tropical forest and a tea plantation using soil laboratory incubations of repacked soil cores. We observed an increase in NO fluxes which was directly proportional to the amount of N applied in line with initial expectations (maximum flux ranging from 6–8 ng NO-N g−1 d−1 and from 16–68 ng NO-N g−1 d−1 in forest and tea plantation soils, respectively). However, fluxes of N2O did not show a clear response to N addition, the highest treatment (100 N) did not result in the highest fluxes. Moreover, fluxes of N2O were higher following the addition of a source of carbon (in the form of glucose) across treatment levels and both land uses (maximum flux of 2–34 ng N2O-N g−1 d−1 in forest and 808–3,939 ng N2O-N g−1 d−1 in tea plantation soils). Both N2O and NO fluxes were higher from tea plantation soils compared to forest soils irrespective of treatment level, thus highlighting the importance of land use and land management for gaseous reactive N fluxes and therefore N dynamics.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliable and specific detection and identification of Brenneria goodwinii, the causal agent of oak and oriental beech decline","authors":"Mohammad-Hossein Araeinejhad, N. F. Charkhabi, C. Brady, Heshmat Rahimian","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2024.1325897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2024.1325897","url":null,"abstract":"Chestnut-leaved oak (Quercus castaneifolia) and oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) are among the major tree species in the Hyrcanian forests. Brenneria goodwinii was identified as the causal agent of necrotic lesions and stem bleeding on affected oak trees in different countries. Oak and oriental beech trees with bleeding symptoms were observed in a few forest sites in northern Iran. The objectives of the present study were to identify and characterize the causal agents of bark canker in oak and oriental beech trees and develop a primer set for specific detection, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), of Brenneria goodwinii strains. A total of 31 and 20 samples from oak and oriental beech trees, respectively, with stem bleeding and bark canker symptoms were collected from Golestan and Mazandaran forests in northern Iran in 2020–2021. Bacterial strains displaying a green metallic sheen on EMB-agar medium were isolated from symptomatic oak (105 strains) and oriental beech samples (32 strains), while 31 and 20 strains were also isolated from healthy oak and oriental beech, respectively. Pathogenicity tests indicated that 51 and 25 strains isolated from oak and oriental beech, respectively were able to induce a necrotic area on oak acorns 15 days following inoculation. Moreover, four and two representative strains inoculated on oak and oriental beech twigs, respectively induced necrosis on all inoculated green twigs 1 month after inoculation. The sequences of the 16S rRNA and gyrB genes of representative strains isolated from and proved pathogenic on oak and oriental beech trees were 100% and over 99% similar to B. goodwinii LMG 26270T, respectively, which revealed the strains belong to B. goodwinii species. The primer pair BgF3/R2, which was designed to target the hrpN gene, was proven to be specific in the detection of B. goodwinii strains. The primer pair amplified a 618-bp DNA fragment from strains of B. goodwinii only and not from strains belonging to Rahnella, Gibbsiella, Lonsdalea, and the other Brenneria species among several other pathogenic bacteria tested. No fragment was amplified from DNA extracted from healthy trees or seedlings in PCR using this primer pair.","PeriodicalId":12538,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140445608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}