Genome-wide identification reveals conserved carbohydrate-active enzyme repertoire in termites

IF 2.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Shulin He, Amrita Chakraborty, Fei Li, Cao Zhou, Binchuan Zhang, Bin Chen, Bin Jiang
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Abstract

Termites play an important role as decomposers of organic matter in forests by utilizing their gut symbionts and associated carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) to digest wood materials. However, there is a limited understanding of the entire repertoire of CAZymes and their evolution in termite genomes. Here we identified the gene families of CAZymes in publicly available termite genomes and analyzed the evolution of abundant gene families. We found that 79 CAZyme gene families from the carbohydrate-binding module and four CAZyme classes, including glycosyl transferase (GT), glycoside hydrolase (GH), auxiliary activity (AA) and carbohydrate esterase (CE), were present in termites with minor variations across termite species except for a few gene families. The gene trees of the large and conserved gene families have several groups of genes from all species, and each group encodes enzymes with complete corresponding domains. Three gene families, namely GT1, GH1 and AA3, exhibited significant variations in gene numbers and experienced several losses and a few duplications, which might be related to their rich gut symbionts and newly gained functions. Furthermore, the overall expression of CAZymes appears to have a caste- and tissue-specific pattern, reflecting a division of labor in termite colonies. Overall, these results reveal a likely stable CAZyme repertoire in termites and pave the way for further research on the functional contribution of termites to wood digestion.
全基因组鉴定揭示了白蚁保守的碳水化合物活性酶库
白蚁利用其肠道共生体和相关的碳水化合物活性酶(CAZymes)消化木材材料,在森林中发挥着重要的有机物分解者作用。然而,人们对白蚁基因组中所有CAZymes及其进化的了解有限。本研究鉴定了白蚁基因组中CAZymes的基因家族,并分析了丰富的基因家族的进化。结果表明,白蚁体内存在糖基转移酶(GT)、糖苷水解酶(GH)、辅助活性酶(AA)和糖类酯酶(CE)等4个CAZyme基因家族和糖结合模块的79个CAZyme基因家族,除少数基因家族外,其他白蚁种间差异较小。大而保守的基因家族的基因树包含来自所有物种的几组基因,每组基因编码具有完整相应结构域的酶。GT1、GH1和AA3三个基因家族在基因数量上表现出明显的差异,并出现了一些缺失和重复,这可能与它们丰富的肠道共生体和新获得的功能有关。此外,CAZymes的整体表达似乎具有种姓和组织特异性模式,反映了白蚁群体中的劳动分工。总的来说,这些结果揭示了白蚁中可能稳定的CAZyme库,为进一步研究白蚁对木材消化的功能贡献铺平了道路。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
6.20%
发文量
256
审稿时长
12 weeks
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