{"title":"Combined assessment of FLAIR vascular hyperintensities and cortical venous outflow for outcome prediction in acute middle cerebral artery occlusion.","authors":"Ping Yang, Lingjia Xu, Feng Zhou","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1953695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2026.1953695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensities (FVHs) are an imaging marker of leptomeningeal collateral compensation, but their prognostic value in stroke remains controversial. Venous outflow (VO) dysfunction may offset collateral benefits, suggesting that VO status could modulate the prognostic effect of FVHs. In this study, we combined the assessment of FVHs and VO in patients with acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion who did not receive reperfusion treatment, to determine whether the arteriovenous coupling state predicts 90-day good outcome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 152 patients were enrolled and divided into four groups based on FVHs and VO status: Type I (good coupling), Type II (arteriovenous mismatch), Type III (hypoperfusion), and Type IV (arteriovenous failure). G02 was a binary indicator of arteriovenous mismatch (Type II vs. non-Type II), derived from the four-group classification. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the independent association between the four groups and 90-day good outcome. A prediction model was constructed with a baseline model including National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) volume, and age, and a full model adding G02 to the baseline model. Model performance was evaluated using 5-fold cross-validation with AUC, calibration curves, and decision curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 152 patients, 28 (18.4%) were classified as Type II, which was independently associated with reduced odds of good 90-day outcome (<i>OR</i> = 0.041, 95%<i>CI</i> 0.003 ~ 0.506). Adding G02 to the baseline model (NIHSS + DWI volume + age) improved the AUC from 0.759 to 0.780 (NRI = 0.0305, IDI = 0.0348), and the full model showed greater net benefit on decision curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that impaired VO may offset the favorable effect of collateral compensation reflected by FVHs. In non-reperfused acute MCA occlusion, arteriovenous mismatch independently predicts poor prognosis. Adding this marker to conventional clinical variables modestly improves prognostic performance and provides greater net clinical benefit, supporting combined arterial and venous assessment for stroke risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1953695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From metric to model: a five-stage pipeline for building and sustaining valid AI predictive systems in consumer neuroscience.","authors":"Thomas Zoëga Ramsøy","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1837923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2026.1837923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The application of machine learning to consumer neuroscience has made it possible, in principle, to predict consumer responses from media assets alone. However, the pursuit of model sophistication has outpaced attention to a foundational constraint: the quality of any predictive artificial intelligence (AI) system is bounded by the quality of the neurophysiological and biometric data used to train it, and by the rigor of the modeling procedures applied to those data. This article argues that persistent problems of low metric reliability, poor cross-metric consistency, and the broader replication crisis have left the field building predictive systems on an insecure measurement foundation. Anchored in the framework for neurometric validation established by Ramsøy (2019), the paper offers a conceptual synthesis and agenda-setting framework for the AI era: a five-stage pipeline comprising (1) Metric Mapping, the theory-driven identification and pre-screening of candidate neurophysiological and biometric measures; (2) Psychometric Validation, the formal assessment of each metric's sensitivity, specificity, validity, and reliability; (3) Discriminatory Ability, an assessment of whether a metric produces meaningful score distributions across real-world commercial stimuli; (4) Principled Data Scaling and Model Development, covering both the large-scale data collection and the modeling and validation procedures required for robust prediction; and (5) Model Governance and Drift Prevention, the ongoing monitoring, retraining, and calibration required to maintain predictive validity over time. The individual components draw on established practice in psychometrics, measurement science, and applied machine learning; the contribution lies in integrating them into a coherent, domain-specific architecture for consumer neuroscience, and in making explicit a criterion-Discriminatory Ability-that is widely assumed but rarely tested in applied advertising research. The pipeline is offered not as a validated standard but as a structured research agenda and a basis for future work on standardization, certification, and governance, with the aim of shifting the field from a model-centric toward a validation-centric culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1837923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melinda Y Chang, Sydney Jacobs, Katherine Granger, Anna Achenbach, Charlotte DiStefano, Shafali S Jeste
{"title":"Vision In SyndrOmic Neurodevelopmental disorders-15q (VISiON-15q) study: eye tracking to supplement clinical examination for detection of cerebral/cortical visual impairment in children with Angelman and Duplication of 15q Syndromes.","authors":"Melinda Y Chang, Sydney Jacobs, Katherine Granger, Anna Achenbach, Charlotte DiStefano, Shafali S Jeste","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1953706","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1953706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify children with Angelman syndrome (AS) and Duplication of 15q (Dup15q) syndrome who have cerebral/cortical visual impairment (CVI) using clinical examination combined with eye tracking.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Twenty-five children (12 months to 12 years old) with AS and Dup15q syndrome, collectively termed 15q disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All participants underwent complete pediatric neuro-ophthalmologic evaluation, including assessment of visual acuity using the Visual Behavior Scale (VBS) and Teller acuity cards. The Higher Visual Function Question Inventory (HVFQI) was administered to assess parental report of behaviors suggestive of CVI. Eye tracking was performed in participants who were able to complete accurate calibration. Participants were also administered the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) Visual Reception scale, as well as non-visual subscales. Parents completed the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 3<sup>rd</sup> ed. (VABS-III) and Children's Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ) to measure adaptive function and vision-specific quality of life, respectively.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Proportion of participants classified as having diagnosis or high suspicion of CVI (15q-CVI-DHS) based on multimodal visual assessments; association between CVI status and MSEL, VABS-III, and CVFQ scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>15 of 25 (60%) of 15q participants were classified as 15q-CVI-DHS. Of these, 6 (40%) were classified based on eye tracking alone. Compared to children with low suspicion of CVI, children in the 15q-CVI-DHS group had lower MSEL visual reception (17.6 ± 12.4 vs. 43.9 ± 25.7, <i>p</i> = 0.024), fine motor (21.3 ± 14.1 vs. 38.6 ± 20.6, <i>p</i> = 0.044), and verbal (15.0 ± 13.6 vs. 38.8 ± 28.0, <i>p</i> = 0.035) developmental quotients. Children in the 15q-CVI-DHS group also had lower CVFQ scores (overall 0.60 ± 0.18 vs. 0.82 ± 0.10, <i>p</i> = 0.022), without significant differences in VABS-III composite or domain scores.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Children with 15q disorders had a high rate of CVI or CVI suspect diagnosis, which was detected by eye tracking alone in 40% of cases. CVI was associated with worse vision-specific quality of life and lower developmental scores on multiple non-visual domains in these children. Future studies are needed to substantiate these findings in a larger cohort and characterize differences between genetic subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1953706"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149180993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial: Legal and ethical reforms for neurotechnological advancements in the global south: perspective and challenges.","authors":"Marietjie Botes, Andrea Lavazza, Kimberly Ray","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1985765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2026.1985765","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1985765"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lars Rönnbäck, Paulin Andréll, Helena Filipsson Nyström, Kristina Glise, Anna Grimby-Ekman, Birgitta Johansson
{"title":"The brain fatigue syndrome: a cross-diagnostic phenomenon.","authors":"Lars Rönnbäck, Paulin Andréll, Helena Filipsson Nyström, Kristina Glise, Anna Grimby-Ekman, Birgitta Johansson","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1855514","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1855514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fatigue arising from diseases or conditions that affect the brain is well recognized. This form of fatigue, brain fatigue, is not comparable to ordinary tiredness that resolves with rest; rather, it reflects a profound and often long-lasting exhaustion. Many individuals struggle in silence, lacking the energy to advocate for their needs. As a result, they may become socially isolated and unable to participate fully in everyday life, despite intact motivation and desire to engage. This fatigue has a substantial impact on work ability, social functioning, and daily activities, making it a serious clinical concern that requires greater attention, improved treatment strategies, and expanded research efforts. In this paper, we refer to this profound fatigue as brain fatigue, typically accompanied by cognitive, emotional, and sensory symptoms. Together, these symptoms may constitute a syndrome, the brain fatigue syndrome (BFS). The aim of this paper is to suggest that BFS, with its cognitive, emotional, and sensory features, appears in a similar way across a wide range of diagnostic groups, despite apparently intact performance on cognitive tests. We propose that BFS appears to represent a manifestation of generalized cerebral involvement, although individuals may concurrently exhibit disease-specific symptoms or deficits related to a brain injury. The symptoms associated with BFS typically persist for the duration of the underlying brain-affecting condition or until recovery occurs. However, in a subset of individuals, BFS may become persistent beyond the expected recovery period, necessitating targeted rehabilitation interventions. We present a theoretical framework for understanding BFS and provide examples of potential treatment strategies for persistent symptoms, as no definitive cure is currently available. In summary, BFS is suggested to reflect brain involvement but is not specific to any single diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1855514"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13654769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149166036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trust your gut: the neuro-gastroenteric mechanics of prediction and expectation.","authors":"Alessia Caccamo","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1956182","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1956182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Living organisms constantly make probabilistic predictions about what they expect to see in their external environment, and actively solicit information from the environment to inform their predictions. This process is foundational for many frameworks including Active Inference and Predictive Processing. It relies on organisms having prior expectations, entailed by an internal generative model of the environment. Posterior expectations are updated based on the selected data, driven by prediction error minimization. However, failures to contextualize the precision or confidence placed in predictions, can give rise to perceptual abnormalities that are at the basis of various psychiatric conditions. Different factors can influence this process. Notably, disruptions in the gut microbiome have been implicated in some psychotic disorders. Gut microbial dysregulation has also been associated with alterations in neurotransmitter synthesis, metabolism, and turnover, which may affect processes involved in the encoding of precision of prediction errors. On the basis of this gut-brain connection, this Hypothesis and Theory article hypothesizes that the gut microbiome plays a role as a modulator of predictive processing, influencing how predictions are formed and expectations updated. Specifically, this article explores the importance of \"mental model\" embodiment, and considers the role of hippocampal activity in predictive coding and its modulation by the gut microbiome. Finally, it offers a novel perspective on the use of cortico-hippocampal-gastroenteric frameworks for inferring personalized dietary interventions in nutritional psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1956182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13654766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychopathology and literary creativity: a pathographical mixed-methods analysis of the tang dynasty poet Li Bai.","authors":"Chunfeng Xiao, Yufei Wang, Junjie Chen, Wenqi Geng, Jinya Cao, Jing Wei","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1893177","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1893177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Tang dynasty poet Li Bai (701-762 CE) is renowned for extraordinary literary creativity. Traditional historical perspectives frequently link his \"Poet Immortal\" reputation to alcohol-associated euphoria. We examined whether temporal fluctuations in his creative output co-occurred with biographical and textual features compatible with mood-spectrum psychopathology, while considering alcohol use and major life events as alternative explanations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective pathographical mixed-methods study analyzed Li Bai's literary corpus and biographical archives. Annual creative output was quantified for 836 securely dated poems across a 48-year career. Years exceeding 2 SDs above the career mean were used as data-derived anchors for episode-centered qualitative review. We additionally calculated the proportion of the corpus produced in peak years and a peak-to-nonpeak productivity ratio. Literary and historical evidence was then mapped to DSM-5 mood-episode symptom domains, with explicit attention to temporal fit and competing situational explanations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Annual productivity showed three extreme-output years: 743 CE (<i>n</i> = 73, z = 3.29), 753 CE (<i>n</i> = 56, z = 2.29), and 759 CE (<i>n</i> = 63, z = 2.70). These 3 years (6.25% of career years) contained 192 poems (23.0% of the securely dated corpus); mean output was 64.0 poems/year in peak years versus 14.3 poems/year in the remaining years (ratio, 4.47). Episode-centered review found the strongest convergence of elevated or expansive affect, grandiose self-appraisal, and reckless behavior around 742-743 and 752-753 CE. The 758-759 CE episode included marked elation after an imperial pardon, although this event provides a strong nonpathological explanation for the affective shift. Depressive and mixed-affect expressions were also present. The temporal convergence is compatible with, but does not establish, a bipolar-spectrum interpretation or a causal effect of mood symptoms on creativity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Li Bai's creative output was highly episodic, and the identified productivity bursts temporally overlapped with certain literary and biographical characteristics consistent with mood elevation. Therefore, the combination of genius and bipolar disorder is more likely to explain Li Bai's literary achievements, rather than the combination of genius and alcohol. Li Bai's case should no longer be used as a positive example of drinking in the name of \"creativity\".</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1893177"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13655040/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149168110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of exercise on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the mediating role of sleep.","authors":"Wenhui Zheng, Mian Wu, Yuhe Chen, Shaolan Li, Liying Huang","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1949679","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1949679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep disturbances affect nearly half of older adults and are linked to cognitive decline, yet the mechanistic pathways linking exercise to cognitive benefits remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that sleep quality mediates the exercise-cognition relationship in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, and PsycINFO from inception to June 2026 for randomized controlled trials examining structured exercise interventions (≥4 weeks) in adults aged ≥60 years that reported both cognitive and sleep outcomes. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) were used to test the mediation hypothesis. Subgroup analyses examined baseline cognitive status and intervention duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies (841 participants) were included. Exercise significantly improved cognitive function (SMD = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.70-1.94) and sleep quality (SMD = -1.13, 95% CI: -1.73 to -0.53). MASEM confirmed sleep quality as a significant partial mediator, with an indirect effect of β = 0.300 (95% CI: 0.125-0.404), accounting for 50.8% of the total cognitive benefit. The mediation proportion was larger in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (67.6%) than in cognitively healthy older adults (31.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sleep quality significantly mediates the exercise-cognition relationship in older adults, accounting for approximately half of the cognitive benefit. These findings identify sleep as a candidate mechanistic target for optimizing exercise interventions, though larger mediation-designed trials are needed to confirm these exploratory estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1949679"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13654707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Bortolotti, Baingio Pinna, Nicola Di Stefano, Caterina Padulo
{"title":"Editorial: Multisensory integration: unveiling the complexities of perception.","authors":"Alessandro Bortolotti, Baingio Pinna, Nicola Di Stefano, Caterina Padulo","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1959500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2026.1959500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1959500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13649690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei Yao, Yuanbin Yang, Zhiyi Wang, Longyue Yi, Deya Daneva, Zhuangwei Fang, Keyun Gan, Zhiqi Lin
{"title":"Post-stroke spasticity: advances in network mechanisms and therapeutics.","authors":"Wei Yao, Yuanbin Yang, Zhiyi Wang, Longyue Yi, Deya Daneva, Zhuangwei Fang, Keyun Gan, Zhiqi Lin","doi":"10.3389/fnhum.2026.1868901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2026.1868901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spasticity is one of the common complications of stroke, causing serious adverse effects for patients. However, comprehensive descriptions of the PSS network mechanism are currently lacking. This paper expounds on the mechanisms underlying post-stroke spasticity from multiple perspectives, including central nervous system networks, neurotransmitter networks, pain networks, and myofascial networks, as well as the brain-gut axis and brain-muscle axis networks. It summarizes emerging treatment approaches in recent years, providing a reference for clinical treatment and rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12536,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1868901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}