Geoforum最新文献

{"title":"Infrastructural violence and resistance in Namqom: Navigating environmental injustice in Formosa, Argentina","authors":"Carlye Chaney ,&nbsp;Marcelina Kubica ,&nbsp;Lisandra Mansilla ,&nbsp;Claudia R. Valeggia","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrastructure connects – and disconnects – people and communities. In this paper, we analyze how the Qom (an Indigenous population in the Gran Chaco region of Argentina) navigate marginalization enacted through infrastructure in Formosa, Argentina. Drawing upon two seasons of fieldwork that involved surveys, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation, we focus on experiences of Qom people in the peri-urban village of Namqom. We extend the literature on infrastructural violence and environmental injustice by considering how this form of violence is unique for Indigenous Peoples who experience both historical and present forms of dispossession, including through the destruction of natural resources important for Indigenous health, well-being, and culture. The Qom in Namqom experience multifaceted colonial infrastructural violence through water, policing, labor, and politics that intertwines with their history of dispossession. However, the Qom use local rationalities to guide their engagement in dialectics of disruption; within this context, the community uses various forms of resistance to creatively generate cultural continuity, including their land use, housing, water, repurposing items, laboring in the landfill, and their political action. This analysis shows how environmental injustice can be enacted through colonial infrastructural violence to constrain Indigenous Peoples like the Qom. Yet, using local rationalities, the Qom engage in everyday acts of opposition, leveraging their agency to exert sovereignty with this capitalist system through dialectics of disruption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 104142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governance fragmentation and agency of miners in Ghana’s artisanal mining sector","authors":"Timothy A. Balag’kutu","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artisanal mining in Ghana was established by law as a legitimate indigenous economic activity in 1989, but the sector still lacks a designated formalized governance architecture. Artisanal mining in Ghana borrows from a governance architecture that is designed for large-scale corporate mining. Aspects of artisanal mining fall under governance of various issue areas. Mechanisms that are exclusive to artisanal mining are mostly temporary, including such ad hoc measures as moratoria and paramilitary operations. Also, non-state actors adopt measures to address specific needs in the sector. Hence, Ghana’s artisanal mining governance architecture includes duplicate, overlapping, uncoordinated, and competitive formal and informal measures. This creates confusion and uncertainty, complicates and derails governance, and disrupts legal mining activity. Miners manage to navigate the environment, often through illegal operations. Sometimes, miners also craft independent governance architectures in the mining sites. Literature on governance of artisanal mining in Ghana addresses various empirical and theoretical questions, without highlighting the sector’s fragmented governance architectures and miners’ agency in that context. Redirecting attention to the trend, this paper examines the following questions: 1) In what ways does governance fragmentation manifest in Ghana’s artisanal mining sector? How do miners navigate the environment and how does miner agency impact the fragmented governance? The paper applies a global governance concept to shed new light on governance of artisanal mining, an informal domestic sector, in relation to miner agency in the fragmented governance environment in Ghana. Focusing on environmental issues, the paper uses data from field research in Ghana and relevant secondary sources. Although miners’ independent governance effort extends the governance fragmentation, it is an important guide on formalizing artisanal mining in the Ghanaian context. The paper makes novel empirical and theoretical contributions to discussions on governance fragmentation and governance of artisanal mining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Far-right Ecology and Geopolitical Resentment at Europe’s Periphery: The Case of Romania’s “Conservative Revolution”","authors":"Mihaela Mihai ,&nbsp;Camil Ungureanu","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Building on insights from political geography and the social sciences, this paper illuminates the diversity of European far-right politics in general and far-right ecologism in particular by contextually examining a party at Europe’s margins—the Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR). Based on a discursive thematic analysis, our objective is to show how AUR challenges existing theoretical accounts, predominantly tethered to the Western and Central European experiences. While most influential scholars emphasize far right’s culturalized view of religion and the fixation on immigration, AUR outlines a theological vision of politics and perceives emigration as a critical problem. Moreover, it co-opts the language of anticolonialism to articulate a socio-ecological critique of global extractive capitalism in a semi-peripheral context. These specificities are essential for understanding the party’s outlier position within far-right ecologism: AUR places the environment at the very centre of its programme—and not merely as a strategic add-on to attract voters or respond to domestic or external pressures. To substantiate our claims, we reconstruct three dimensions of its hyper-nationalist, Orthodox geographical imaginary: AUR’s complex, human, and natural resource nationalism; its focus on food sovereignty and the Romanian peasant as an exemplar of sustainable agriculture; and the protection of “the last virgin forests in Europe” as central to Romania’s national identity and prosperity. We conclude that AUR effectively mobilizes historical geopolitical resentment at Europe’s margins and addresses it with a promise of recovered plenitude that endangers democratic politics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban financialisation-in-motion: Income strips, town centre regeneration and de-financialisation","authors":"Steven R. Henderson","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban development and infrastructure priorities raise questions about local government capacities and the opportunity presented by financialisation instruments. Rather than urban financialization being all-dominant and all-embracing, grounded experiences include financial actor spatial selectivity and project targeting, as well as instances of local government promotion, support and risk aversion. Where constraints exist, financialisation-in-motion is suggestive of reflection and the adoption of additional measures to help facilitate the expansion of urban financialisation. Building on this conceptualisation, this paper highlights the relevance of fluid interpretations of financialisation-in-motion, particularly the relevance of de-financialisation. De-financialisation incorporates the potential for local authorities to step back from contemporary financialised instruments. In further consideration of (de)financialisation and associated limits, attention is directed to income strip financing as a contemporary instrument fostering urban property investment. As well as evidencing the application of income strips to town centre regeneration projects in England, potential problems are identified, including through a recent example of de-financialisation within south-east England. The case highlights how contemporary forms of urban financialisation can embed local authorities within problematic long-term arrangements and the need for careful scrutiny of the contractual dimension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104139"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide disasters in Kalimpong, India: Matters of time?","authors":"Peter McGowran","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article critically reflects on recent calls for the decentralisation of disaster risk management to the mountainous regions of India. The physical differences between the mountainous characteristics of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) and the plains of mainland India are often cited as the reason why this decentralisation is needed. Proponents of decentralisation sometimes point out that decisions about the mountains are often made in cities in the plains and are thus less likely to consider the impacts of such policies on the physical landscape of the IHR. This argument, which I refer to as the hills-plains narrative of disaster management, is weighed against first-hand qualitative data that narrates people’s experiences of the causes and impacts of landslides in Kalimpong District, West Bengal, India. The article concludes that the disconnects between policy and reality when it comes to landslide risk management in Kalimpong are only weakly related to the dissonances between the physical geographies of the plains and the mountains. The article argues these disconnects are more products of the differing temporalities of landslide impacts and the temporalities for which the State is willing and able to provide support: that they are matters of time. The article ultimately questions whether calls for the decentralisation of disaster risk management to mountain areas should be separated from wider calls for the decentralisation of disaster risk management in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering racialized geographies: Investor strategies and the legacy of the 2008 financial crisis in Chicagoland","authors":"Amanda Kass ,&nbsp;Carrie Craig","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wreckage of the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) led to long lasting changes in the single-family rental market. A variety of investors took advantage of the post-GFC environment, specializing in different segments of the distressed housing market. We examine two prominent companies’ activity in Chicagoland to explore how post-GFC investor purchases map onto a racialized geography that itself is a product of past housing policies and practices. National companies engaged in land contract sales and single-family rentals (SFR) targeted different sections of the foreclosure crisis that occurred during the broader GFC. While the SFR profit-strategy necessitates buying habitable properties that can attract tenants, predatory land contract sellers milk profit from distressed housing by offloading the risk (and cost) of homeownership to buyers. By exploring the geography of where the corporate landlord American Homes 4 Rent and land contract seller Harbour Portfolio purchased in the GFC’s aftermath we can better understand how the racialized nature of the U.S. housing market creates different pathways for profit <em>and</em> deepens racial-income inequities. American Homes 4 Rent targeted properties in higher income, whiter exurban regions of Chicagoland whereas Harbour Portfolio concentrated its activity in lower-income, majority-minority communities largely within the City of Chicago.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poverty porn or poverty planning? Slum photography and the politics of spatial representation","authors":"Ashish Makanadar ,&nbsp;Elmond Bandauko","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This forum article critically examines the politics of visual representation in urban informality, interrogating the genealogies and contemporary manifestations of what we term the “slum gaze.” Drawing on postcolonial theory, feminist visual studies, and critical urban geography, we trace how colonial visualities continue to shape aesthetic constructions of urban marginality through “poverty porn” and spectacles of abjection. We argue that dominant visual regimes not only reflect but actively produce urban informality as a pathologized state of being, rationalizing dispossessive planning interventions while obscuring subaltern spatial knowledges and practices. The article unpacks the contradictory role of visuality in urban planning and policymaking, where GIS mappings and documentary photography paradoxically render informal settlements simultaneously hyper-visible and illegible to state bureaucracies. Against reductive visual grammars inherited from colonial modernity, we advocate for participatory visual methodologies that amplify resident-driven representational practices. By centering community-based visual epistemologies, we gesture toward more emancipatory modes of seeing and narrating the heterogeneous spaces of urban informality. Ultimately, this intervention calls for a paradigmatic shift in how urban scholars and practitioners engage visually with marginalized communities. We contend that cultivating critical visual literacies attuned to the politics of representation is essential for imagining and enacting more just urban futures. This requires moving beyond simplistic denunciations of “poverty porn” toward a praxis of critical visuality that unsettles universalizing gazes while legitimizing plural ways of seeing, knowing, and inhabiting the city.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winds of change – Nomadic grassroots innovations in the maritime shipping sector","authors":"Hanna Bach","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grassroots innovations are seen as important contributors to sustainability transitions, however, given their dependence on place-specific conditions they face diffusion challenges. Responding to previously outlined gaps regarding conceptualisation and exploration of the spatiality of grassroots innovations, this paper introduces a conceptualisation of nomadic grassroots innovations. These are grassroots innovations that are mobile and perform activities in multiple places they continuously return to, conceptualised as host localities, while also being based in home localities containing for example offices and key infrastructure. Contributing to a more nuanced understanding of the geography of grassroots activities, the analysis explores the spatiality of socio-technical elements influencing three stages of development (initiation, operations, and upscaling and diffusion) of nine grassroots initiatives promoting a return to traditional sail cargo ships. Findings suggests that nomadic grassroots innovations are dependent on elements in home and host localities as well as from national and international contexts, indicating that the spatiality of nomadic grassroots innovations differs from place-based initiatives throughout all stages of development. Furthermore, analysis of challenges and opportunities for development of nomadic grassroots innovations reveals three key learnings for grassroots innovation diffusion: strategies for developing social cohesion through multi-scalar actor networks, utilising (costumer) demand for alternative solutions, and taking favourable sector conditions as a starting point when designing grassroots innovations. Combined, this could enable development of grassroots innovations that are less dependent on place-specific conditions and thereby easier to replicate, which could increase the capacity of grassroots innovations to tackle global challenges such as climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retreat or resist: Navigating uncertainties in pastoral Amdo Tibet, China","authors":"Palden Tsering","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the contemporary era marked by heightened uncertainties, particularly attributable to climate change, insufficient attention has been directed towards rural pastoral China. Paradoxically, it is within these rural settings, notably those reliant on natural resources, that the palpable repercussion of extreme climate variations unfold. Pastoralists in Saga, Amdo Tibet, acting as authorized stewards of the rangeland, find themselves grappling with formidable challenges emanating from escalating land values spurred by tourism, infrastructure investments, conservational initiatives, and the consequential impacts of climate change-induced land loss. This study underscores the pivotal role of the local-state relations in navigating the mounting uncertainties and complexities arising from external interventions. Specifically, this paper examines how pastoralists engage in negotiating the norms, roles and relationships governing their integration or securing favourable terms within evolving land issues. Drawing on empirical cases and with the notion of assemblage, it is evident that pastoralists adeptly leverage established roles and relationships, notably through the utilization of retired village cadres, using their seasoned understanding of bureaucratic intricacies, forms a critical network instrumental in preserving pastoralists’ access to essential rangeland resources on the ground.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilient queer subjects: Lesbian, bisexual, and transgender women on the Israeli periphery","authors":"Gilly Hartal","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, LGBT subjectivities have been depicted as strong. Moreover, these identities are increasingly connected to normativity (homonormativity) and deemed a part of the national consensus (homonationalism). Correspondingly, another framework revolves around the perception of LGBTs as fragile, linking them to a discourse of vulnerability (e.g., queer and LGBT safe spaces). At any rate, most of the research has concentrated on urban LGBT subjectivities. However, the experiences of lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (LBT) women in rural and peripheral spaces demand a reappraisal of what constitutes LGBT subjectivities in rural spaces, small villages, and peripheral towns. This article is predicated on 61 qualitative interviews with LBT women on Israel’s periphery. According to the study’s findings, participants regularly encounter manifestations of LGBTphobia. Nevertheless, their spatial experiences of sexuality forge rural LBT resilience. The paper’s analysis explicates three socio-spatial distancing mechanisms that the participants use to cope with LGBTphobia. As such, resilience is an outgrowth of recuperation and helps the women defend themselves. In light of the above, I argue that LBT subjectivities in rural expanses become resilient in the face of such prejudice. Moreover, this fortitude casts doubt on the portrayal of LGBTs as either vulnerable and in need of protection or empowered and warranting critique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"156 ","pages":"Article 104134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}