Geoforum最新文献

{"title":"Scenes of subjection: Extractive frontiers, symbolic violence, dispossession","authors":"Gediminas Lesutis","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article discusses how, besides structural and direct modes of violence traditionally attributed to natural resource exploitation, extractive frontiers also unfold through material and affective registers of <em>symbolic violence</em>. This concerns the violence of capital that promises a “better life” whose actual realisation, directly implicated in circuits of “free” market economy, is constantly deferred to the future. Empirically grounded in experiences of dispossession and resettlement caused by coal extraction in Tete, Mozambique, the article employs <em>symbolic violence</em> as an analytic to understand subjectivation constituted by the failed promise of “development” of Tete’s extractive frontier. This, the article argues, results in specific <em>scenes of subjection</em> – exposure to the symbolic violence of extractivism, as well as potential contestations of it, through which those dispossessed by mining come into being as subjects of power. These <em>scenes of subjection</em> are temporal: they transform –<!--> <!-->expand, flutter, retreat – reflecting broader, inherently unstable economies of extraction. As such, subjection to violence is not final but remains susceptible to contestation, mediation, or escalation. Nevertheless, the article shows how, in spite of this potentiality of change, until recently, in Tete <em>symbolic violence</em> had justified, reproduced, and sustained the power of extractivism, as well as of capital more broadly, even within the lifeworlds dispossessed, or otherwise laid to waste, by extractive frontiers of capital.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718523000076/pdfft?md5=7a8c0a6feb4b7f7e77f4a579794d5268&pid=1-s2.0-S0016718523000076-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47947737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extractive subjectivity in a corporate coal mining site in Colombia","authors":"Line Jespersgaard Jakobsen","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article contributes to the emerging scholarship on the formation of extractive subjectivities by exploring relations between a multinational coal-mining company and indigenous, Afro-Colombian and non-indigenous communities living in the surroundings of the mine, located in La Guajira department in northern Colombia. Building on long-term engagement in this region and a review of other comparable cases of subject-making in extractive spaces, the article presents a characterization of the complex subjectivity of 21st-century industrial extractivism. The overarching subjectivity of extraction has multiple (and sometimes conflicting) internal aspects whose appearances vary over time and space, sometimes overlapping simultaneously in the same person. The four major aspects of extractive subjectivity that I identify are refusal or resistance, or what I term risky resilience; hope, which builds on both desire and waiting; ambiguity and doubt; and deep emotions of anxiety and despair. The dimensions are in constant configuration in the encounter with corporate responses to people’s diverse ways of living and reacting to extractive power.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718522001427/pdfft?md5=e5127abef2a96c1a3537c155e9a3468c&pid=1-s2.0-S0016718522001427-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44762258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold conflict and contested conduct: Large- and small-scale mining subjectivities in Indonesia","authors":"Matthew Libassi","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Resource extraction shapes the people who live and work in its midst. In Pongkor, Indonesia, these transformations revolve around long-running tensions between large- and small-scale gold miners. The region is home to a state-owned industrial mine as well as thousands of unlicensed, small-scale miners. These actors have competed over the same gold deposits, and who has the authority to mine them, for more than three decades. In this article, I examine how this resource conflict informs multiple, co-constitutive extractive subjectivities in Pongkor. I expand upon existing analyses of resource governance, extractive development, and environmental conflict by examining the multi-directional, interrelated processes of subject formation entailed in asserting claims to resources. Drawing on ethnographic research, I frame the situation in Pongkor as a territorial conflict with three competing subject formation processes at its core. First, the mining company has attempted to end small-scale mining by reconstituting local people as more amenable development subjects. It emphasizes particular nationalistic, economic, and moral values through both disciplinary and community development programs. Second, small-scale miners have responded by cultivating political subjectivities grounded in a collective “community miner” identity. Community miners go beyond simply participating in gold-based livelihoods; they learn to argue for rights to local resources. Third, the mining company has pursued internal reforms aimed at remaking itself and its employees. Using small-scale miners as a foil, company leaders work to reposition their operations as a model of clean and green development. In tracing these processes, I complicate narratives of industrial extractive dominance and community resistance by demonstrating that subjects inside and outside of mining operations are co-constituted. I call for further research on the shaping of varied subject positions—including corporate mining employees, small-scale miners, and local residents—involved in extractive conflicts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718522002172/pdfft?md5=3754418aa0f6f80edd4be18b615dabd3&pid=1-s2.0-S0016718522002172-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45456813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Articulating sedimented subjectivities: Extractive subject formation in eastern DRC","authors":"Judith Verweijen ,&nbsp;Sara Geenen ,&nbsp;Anuarite Bashizi","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this contribution, we examine how people living around industrial gold mining concessions in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) view themselves in relation to the extractive industries. We apply Hall’s notion of articulation to grasp the layering of extractive subject formation in time and space, or what we call the “sedimentation of subjectivities”. The lens of articulation allows for a better understanding of how people engage with the subject positions they are interpellated into. Specifically, it helps uncover how this engagement is imprinted by subjects’ socio-economic position and historically shaped forms of social identification. The notion of sedimentation, in turn, enables us to trace how the crystallization of subjectivities in one particular conjuncture influences subsequent processes of subject formation – a dynamic with distinct spatial dimensions. People’s sense of place, including how they relate to the soil and subsoil, is an important vector of these historical influences. In sum, the notion of sedimented subjectivities captures the spatio-temporal dimensions of subject formation over the longue durée. It therefore helps establish the enduring influence of “colonial residue” on contemporary subject formation. In addition, our approach sheds further light on the overall modest imprint of the governmental schemes of extractive corporations on extractive subject formation. We ascribe this to the heterogeneity and sedimentation of the elements that shape subject formation and the dispersed nature of processes of interpellation. These observations further underscore the pertinence of a spatio-temporal perspective on subject formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718522002214/pdfft?md5=e180fe5480ea0a97607b3470f71e9ea7&pid=1-s2.0-S0016718522002214-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45804739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Extractive bodies’: A feminist counter-topography of two extractive landscapes","authors":"Stephanie Postar ,&nbsp;Negar Elodie Behzadi","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article engages in a discussion about the ‘quieter registers of power’ along the resource frontier. It builds a feminist counter-topography of the formation of extractive subjectivities in two extractive landscapes—a uranium mining project in Tanzania and a coal mining area in Tajikistan. We explore these two disparate but connected sites through the formation of embodied subjectivities—i.e., the ways in which extractive forces shape people’s intimate senses of self. In both places, embodied emotions manifest in rumours about gender, sexuality and reproduction. To re-materialise our understandings of power at the extractive frontier, we offer the concept of ‘extractive bodies’—a plural figure representing the heterogeneous, dynamic and porous bodies of men, women, children and the elderly as shaped by extractive forces. We also read the rumours emerging from these two places as quiet, but not silent, forms of resistance. These rumours are material and symbolic expressions of a ‘<em>mal de vivre’</em> which is symptomatic of how people live at the extractive frontier. Overall, this counter-topography contributes to feminist political ecology scholarship on the embodied impacts of and responses to extraction on the resource frontier.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001671852200197X/pdfft?md5=2191a0e51ab6354098b073e5d89973de&pid=1-s2.0-S001671852200197X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45608106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Punching above their weight: Opposition to mining and Xinka politics in Guatemala","authors":"Mariel Aguilar-Støen ,&nbsp;Anna G. Sveinsdóttir","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article investigates how Xinka indigeneity disrupts the dominant order in Guatemala. Our analysis below focus on Xinka politics in a Rancièrian sense. Our main objective is to understand how, and to what extent, the Xinka are <em>becoming</em> visible bodies, sayable names, and audible voices, thus, disrupting the status quo in Guatemala. This article contributes to a growing body of scholarship examining the complex and heterogeneous political positions of indigenous peoples in Latin America under processes of state decentralization, economic privatization, and market deregulation, which transform the relationships between states and indigenous peoples and influence indigenous forms of organizing. Using the case of the Xinka conflictual engagement with a mining project as a lens we argue that Xinka opposition to mining articulates indigeneity and political mobilization, thus disrrupting the current social order in Guatemala. The Xinka become political subjects by claiming and exercising capacities they allegedly lack and by enacting rights they are not entitled to claim. The Xinka act as if they already possess that which is denied to them to challenge the inegalitarian partition of the sensible: what can be named, what can be seen, what can be counted. Their activism and their various tactics render their position, as rights-holders, explicit and accessible to an audience. These tactics include their irreverence as expressed in monitoring and deciding who is allowed to transit through a national road, bringing their cases to domestic and foreign courts, as well as detaining policemen and employees of the mining company. As we will discuss, the Xinka identity is not fixed in some essentialized past, but rather, it is a process that conjoins a collective position and the political subjects who articulate the position.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 103661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718522002391/pdfft?md5=aea8fdc41b8a454363f435b89e195a8a&pid=1-s2.0-S0016718522002391-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45000358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tortoises to acres: The relationships and movements of property and more-than-human species in road governance processes","authors":"Caitlin Jones","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A web of species interdependencies, movements, and relationships exist within areas targeted for development. However, these areas hosting a multitude of more-than-human beings’ liveliness that are often only viewed by decision-makers in terms of the property regimes that encompass them. This paper examines this phenomenon in a case study of the conflict between gopher tortoise (<em>Gopherus polyphemus</em>) conservation and the proposed Osceola Parkway Extension in Central Florida. Gopher tortoise conservation in Florida offers a window into how conservation, mitigation strategies like offsetting, the exchangeability of property interact. The paper highlights what happens when decision-makers assume a property lens to understand and mitigate for conflicts between development and more-than-human relations to the environment. Understanding the two distinct, out of sync movements – that of gopher tortoises and that of conservation properties in offsetting – demonstrates the ways a multitude of more-than-human relationships are obscured and abstracted into transactional pieces through a property lens that moves through a logic of exchangeability. This suggests more-than-human lives, mobilities, and relationships need to become more fully part of the discussions and decision-making processes surrounding development-environmental conflicts. Only then can we begin to work towards more just multispecies decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 103882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49861788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In two minds: The high-rise housing ambivalence of transnational migrants","authors":"Louise Dorignon","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arriving migrants of middle-class backgrounds increasingly establish themselves in high-rise apartments of densifying cities of the Global North through the private rental market or first homeownership. From their transient and elevated homes, transnational migrants find themselves vacillating between a desire to perform the archetype of the successful migrant livelihood and the realities of metropolitan vertical living. Memories and narratives of life ‘back home’ shape practices and relationships that enable them to put down roots. Yet high-rise housing, with its socio-material implications, mediates migrants’ everyday experiences in unique ways. This article investigates transnational migrants’ ambivalent feelings of ‘home’ in two verticalising cities, London and Melbourne. Drawing on affect- and practice-theoretical approaches to emotions and on the geographies of home, I argue that ambivalence enables migrants to habituate to the transience of their high-rise housing situation. Through interviews with 42 transnational migrants of diverse nationalities and socio-economic backgrounds, I analyse two registers of ambivalence as they unfolded in migrants’ narratives of high-rise housing. In the apartment, migrants’ ambivalent sensations revealed the embodied transience of transnational homemaking. In the vertical development, migrant’s ambivalent attachments unveiled their negotiated and intermittent feelings of belonging. Given these differential registers of ambivalence, I demonstrate that migrants are unevenly positioned to adjust to their vertical homes. I conclude by suggesting that ambivalence helps in further conceptualising the lived experience of high-rise housing, and that a more nuanced understanding of emotions is needed to envisage prospects for migrants’ livelihoods in apartments in the contemporary city.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 103872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49698584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between highways and fintech platforms: Global China’s and Africa’s infrastructure state","authors":"Zhengli Huang ,&nbsp;Andrea Pollio","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we juxtapose two different sectors of China’s economic presence in Africa: transport and digital infrastructure. Using the case of Kenya, a country that hosts several flagship corridors funded by Chinese loans and where Chinese “digital champions” have been active for two decades, we highlight some of the differences and similarities between these two forms of China’s going-out capitalism in the continent.</p><p>Our argument is that these ‘varieties of capital’ are conterminous, and they operate through both strategic and contingent overlaps within the same ‘state-market nexus’ and at the interface with programmes and goals of the African ‘infrastructure state’. To illustrate this point, we draw on a comparative research effort inspired by a growing body of scholarship that has been labelled under the tag of ‘Global China’ and by a political economy reading of ‘the market-in-state’ system. This paper thus contributes empirically and conceptually to de-essentializing the Chinese presence in the African continent by recognizing the contextual agencies that shape it—the ambitious developmental agendas of the African state, in particular—as well as the interplay between its different corporate forms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 103876"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49861785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemsex at home: Homonormative aspirations and the blurring of the private/public space divide","authors":"Cesare Di Feliciantonio ,&nbsp;Gavin Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sexualised drug use -usually referred to as chemsex- represents an established cultural practice among gay men in contemporary societies, mostly associated with home settings in urban areas. Against the reductionism of existing studies that conceptualize home as merely the location where chemsex occurs, the paper explores the ways in which the multidimensional character of home shapes chemsex experiences and cultures. Drawing on 25 interviews with gay men living with HIV who practice chemsex in England and Italy, the paper’s analytical effort is organised around three points. The first concerns the pleasures and affects generated by practicing chemsex at home, blurring the private/public space divide. The second regards the specific (material) configurations of home spaces that enhance the experience of chemsex. The last sheds lights on the possibilities offered by chemsex parties in private homes, for some gay men, to spend time in types of housing that they aspire to but cannot realistically achieve, while encountering men who embody homonormative ideals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 103879"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49861786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}