Geoforum最新文献

{"title":"“Shale gas development will bring local economic benefits”. An analysis of central Appalachian landowners' lived experience and situated knowledge of extractivism","authors":"Martina Angela Caretta ,&nbsp;Erin Carlson ,&nbsp;Rachael Hood","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extractivism is notorious for causing environmental destruction, resulting in worsened living conditions for those residing near sites of, among other processes, mining, logging, and hydraulic fracturing. Yet, companies can operate in certain areas because they mobilize narratives, often supported by governments and local authorities, asserting that extraction will bring local economic benefits in the forms of employment, improved general living standards, and economic compensation. In this article, we examine this core argument, focusing on shale gas development that has taken place since the mid-2000s in central Appalachia. We ground our analysis in original material gathered between 2020 and 2022 through 55 interviews with land and mineral owners. Extractivism is a capitalistic complex that operates on a systemic level with similar structures independently of the context where it is taking place. In this article, we zoom in on its operations and consequences at a micro level. We show how the logic of critical infrastructures is enacted by energy companies through compensation and experienced by residents through impacts on livelihood. While this qualitative analysis does not quantify local economic gains or losses, there is a preponderance of evidence showing that land and mineral owners have received limited and discontinuous compensation often compounded with the loss of usable land or forest. We argue that the extraction of raw fossil materials not only contributes to environmental destruction and climate change but is fundamentally grounded in unequal power relations that heighten social vulnerability and potentially destroy livelihoods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524001118/pdfft?md5=7a73f909e5083ec42e18eb63422a6fa1&pid=1-s2.0-S0016718524001118-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban conservation workers on a just transition: Labor, land, and love","authors":"Miriam Solis ,&nbsp;Anthony Bissiri ,&nbsp;LaJuan Tucker","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Movements and scholars have called for proactive just transition efforts that involve the protection of historically marginalized communities and workers. Urban conservation is increasingly central to shifts away from a carbon-based economy, but its racialized hierarchies have reproduced inequality. This article builds on just transition, political ecology, and environmental justice scholarship in its understanding of workers as key sources of needed and imaginative interventions. We used photovoice methods with participants of a green workforce development program in Austin, Texas to identify the equity implications of their urban conservation work. Participants called attention to an incomplete just transition effort and strategic possibilities in two domains: workplace structure and relationality. Acting upon these insights to create and maintain an environmentally just urban forest system requires urban governance structures that are more responsive to workers and communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141289487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political ecologies of the future: Introduction to the special issue","authors":"Jevgeniy Bluwstein,&nbsp;Salvatore Paolo De Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Path to Inclusiveness - Peer Support Groups as a Resource for Change.","authors":"Ann Jeanette Heitmann, Lisbeth Valla, Elena Albertini Früh, Lisbeth G Kvarme","doi":"10.1177/10598405221085183","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10598405221085183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Being bullied is associated with anxiety, depression symptoms, and long-term negative health outcomes. The aim of this qualitative pilotstudy was to explore bullied children's experiences of support groups and how participating in a group affected the children. The sample consisted of 24 children aged 11-13 years. Four of them were bullied, while 20 participated in support groups. Individual and focus group interviews were conducted. The main theme identified was that support groups provide an opportunity for change and can help children to be included among peers. The changes were achieved through encouragement and support from peers. The children participating in the support groups reported a feeling of being selected. The groups provided fellowship, and an opportunity for change. Both getting support from and being part of a support group contributed to inclusion, strength, and valuable experiences. The findings suggest that a systemic approach to bullying is advantageous.</p>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"54 1","pages":"285-294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11095054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76718433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The maintenance of carbonscapes: Enacting Net Zero in Stavanger, Norway","authors":"Anders Riel Müller ,&nbsp;Siddharth Sareen","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a stable, democratic petrostate, Janus-faced Norway balances fossil fuel incumbency (profitable oil and gas exports) with leadership in green transitions (domestic hydropower supply and transport electrification) and just transitions (major donor to global green initiatives). These roles imbue domestic politics with reverence for fossil fuels as enablers of generous welfare state support, alongside a push to show progress on low-carbon energy transitions. This political dynamic has embraced the global rise to prominence of Net Zero target-setting, highly reliant on speculative, yet-to-emerge carbon mitigation technologies. Such a hubristic response to this target has served to direct massive financing to innovation activities of fossil incumbents. Nowhere is this push felt keener than in Stavanger, the oil capital rebranded to Norway’s ‘energy capital’, and the site of the country’s largest industrial hub Forus and great performative spectacles such as the Offshore Northern Seas conferences and numerous other oil and gas events. Yet it is also here that critique is often focused, pointing out the folly of continued investment that assumes oil and gas persistence in tempered form over rapid renewable energy rollout. We investigate the forms this enactment of Net Zero takes at the urban scale in Stavanger through which the promise of carbon removal is used to uphold carbonscapes. Empirical material includes place-based observation, participatory ethnography at events, and media reports. We engage with conceptual scholarship on the positionality of researchers, role of actionable knowledge, and the specific function of the knowledge economy to enable Stavanger’s juggling act as the site of fossil success since 1969, and champion of carbon removal innovation and development as one of Europe’s 112 climate-neutral 2030 Mission Cities. We argue that unpacking urban spectacle offers evidence of the interwoven nature of domestic politics and performative carbon mitigation approaches, constituting an entry point to critique mitigation deterrence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104040"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524001015/pdfft?md5=15be9100ccdc342345133c55bb00e65e&pid=1-s2.0-S0016718524001015-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everyday lived experience and ‘carescape’ of women street vendors: Spatial Justice in Al-Hisba Marketplace, Ramallah/Al-Bireh, Palestine","authors":"Sahera Bleibleh ,&nbsp;Shaden Awad","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The city’s local markets are essential for daily shopping and nurture traditions, spatial practices, and heritage. This study investigates the everyday lived experiences of Palestinian women street vendors operating in the Al-Hisba marketplace, located in the center of Ramallah/Al-Bireh. It investigates the challenges they encountered in the evolving Al-Hisba, against the backdrop of male dominance and the impediments imposed by the Israeli occupation. Within this context, they struggle to survive and to cope with transformative shifts in marketing trends. These challenges offer glimpses of resilience and opportunities to adapt to emerging informalities, the essential practices of spatial making-do, and a growing network of “carescape.” Employing a qualitative approach and actor-network theory, this study draws on the narratives of women street vendors to unravel their tactics of resilience, the dynamics of their carescape network, and the adaptive practices they employ to sustain their presence in Al-Hisba. The findings illuminate the negotiated spatial opportunities of adaptation in the face of uncertainties within Al-Hisba marketplace. This study also contributes to the realm of cultural studies and human behavior, offering insights that inform urban epistemologies. It underscores the importance of local markets in anchoring cities to principles of spatial equity and sense of place.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524000757/pdfft?md5=feb94ffad313496cbe92d297fb5dc672&pid=1-s2.0-S0016718524000757-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-urban communities and precarious temporality in Cochabamba, Bolivia: Class, indigeneity, and social exclusion","authors":"Philip Wade ,&nbsp;Tommaso Rossi ,&nbsp;Malayna Raftopoulos ,&nbsp;Michela Coletta","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the key challenges facing urban areas in the twenty-first century is how to promote inclusive developmental policies and address increasing social inequality. Using the community of Mercado Campesino de Arocagua in north-western Bolivia as a case study, this article shows how <em>peri</em>-urban spaces destabilise traditional ethnic and class divisions, exemplifying the growing complexities of the politics of social and racial exclusion in Latin America. The article argues that the endurance of relations of coloniality enables the exclusion of rural Indigenous groups from the political, social, and economic boundaries of the city. These boundaries, however, are increasingly permeable and unstable. In this context, the multi-scalar governance structures that have helped many Indigenous people in Bolivia to move to and prosper within urban spaces prevent the community of Mercado Campesino from legal recognition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524001003/pdfft?md5=164fe0df3e87e7a8e2b7785d8aec99e5&pid=1-s2.0-S0016718524001003-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Water for all’: The unlikely confluence of divergent interests (in resisting neoliberalism and promoting human rights) in Mumbai’s slums","authors":"Kate Bayliss ,&nbsp;Pranjal Deekshit","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite pressure from international donors and the national government, neoliberal policies have not had a transformational impact on the way water is provided in Mumbai. Some modest reforms were introduced but these have not led to major change. Moreover, in 2022 the city introduced a policy of ‘Water for All’ to extend water access to slum areas. At first sight this system might seem to be a socially progressive approach to water management, which might be surprising given the right-wing orientation of Shiv Sena, the political party which has been in power since the 1990s. But this paper shows that policy has been shaped by an unlikely alignment of diverse interests. Campaigners have been resisting neoliberal policies and demanding fair water rights for slum dwellers for years. But these demands gained policy traction when they overlapped with the interests of the engineers who manage the complex water system, as well as the political regime. For decades, slum households have been scapegoated and water access was deemed illegal for millions of the city’s poorest residents. But the political climate has recently shifted such that it now suits the ruling party to expand water access, although restrictions remain. This paper shows how global paradigms intersect with embedded structures, politics and institutions to create contextually specific outcomes. Drawing on <span>Brenner and Theodore (2002)</span>, we argue that the same context that generated Mumbai’s form of ‘actually existing’ neoliberalism has also created a distinctive, ‘actually existing’, interpretation of the human right to water.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001671852400085X/pdfft?md5=9acfbd53ac857325636605c6c0e6d846&pid=1-s2.0-S001671852400085X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualising the co-evolution of China’s industrial and institutional environment for cross-border e-commerce","authors":"Zhi Han ,&nbsp;Steve Wood ,&nbsp;Neil M. Coe ,&nbsp;Andrew Alexander","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper conceptualises the industrial and institutional co-evolution of the Chinese import cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) industry, led by digital platform firms, over the decade 2012–2022. By drawing on empirical interview data and extensive secondary material from industry and government sources, and applying Gong and Hassink’s (2019a) framework of industrial-institutional co-evolution, we develop a three-phase conceptualisation to assess how industrial and institutional dynamics have developed in tandem, leading to significant regional development through CBEC pilot zones. Contrasting with research that has implied limited agency of industrial actors in a Chinese state-led institutional environment, our analysis explores how leading platform firms have successfully legitimised their role in the sector through government engagement and lobbying activities. Further, and in contrast with recent regulatory tightening with respect to the wider activities of platform firms, the technological infrastructure and associated data transparency offered by the platforms has led the Chinese state to set aside oligopolistic antitrust concerns in its regulation of this industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"153 ","pages":"Article 104034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524000952/pdfft?md5=d90b13170701d85d91e33411a3e4e7a6&pid=1-s2.0-S0016718524000952-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141090269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting deviance: Exploring a controversy surrounding a rainbow crossing through a Deleuzo-Guattarian lens","authors":"Timo Savela","doi":"10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2024.104025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article explores how landscapes and their traits evoke a certain kind of world and how it then provides people a warrant to rectify or remove any trait that they detect as deviant or undesirable. This process is exemplified by an event that took place in Turku, Finland, in 2021. It elaborates a rarely utilized landscape theory drawn from the works of Deleuze and Guattari to address a controversy surrounding a landscape trait, a rainbow crossing, that was removed shortly after its implementation. The findings highlight how landscapes are highly effective in detecting supposed social deviance and in providing a warrant to correct any supposed abnormalities to maintain normality. The implementation encapsulated the social changes related to sexuality that occurred in Finland at the turn of the millennium, whereas the removal can be understood as typifying conservative sentiments and, more specifically, the political backlash against these changes that took place in the following decades. The heteronormative social order was quickly reinstated as the rainbow crossing was able to visibly challenge the dominance of the Oedipalized form of sexuality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12497,"journal":{"name":"Geoforum","volume":"152 ","pages":"Article 104025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718524000861/pdfft?md5=05bec157873fd76efd9a0896b1a95d09&pid=1-s2.0-S0016718524000861-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141068612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}