Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Postoperative diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. 心内直视手术患者的术后膈功能障碍。
Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.6452/KJMS.199511.0626
C. Z. Chang, Y. F. Chen, H. R. Lin, P. Lin, C. Chiu, Y. T. Lin
{"title":"Postoperative diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients undergoing open-heart surgery.","authors":"C. Z. Chang, Y. F. Chen, H. R. Lin, P. Lin, C. Chiu, Y. T. Lin","doi":"10.6452/KJMS.199511.0626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199511.0626","url":null,"abstract":"Diaphragmatic elevation after cardiac surgery may result in compromized post operative respiratory function, prolonged ventilator use, longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays, poor quality of life and even mortality. 200 patients receiving open-heart surgery during the two years from October 1990 to October 1992 were studied retrospectively. 26 patients developed postoperative diaphragmatic elevation (Group 2). On the other hand, 174 patients did not (Group 1). The mean age of Group 1 (37.3 +/- 20.0 years) was younger than that of Group 2 (57.4 +/- 9.1 years), P < 0.0001. The mean aortic cross-clamp time was 70.1 +/- 38.1 minutes in Group 1. On the other hand, Group 2 had a longer crossclamp time (84.5 +/- 31.3 Minutes), p < 0.03. Our study revealed that the patients who suffered post operative diaphragmatic dysfunction were older and had a longer aortic crossclamp time than the patients who did not.","PeriodicalId":12495,"journal":{"name":"Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85373400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Frozen section of diagnosis of breast lesions. 冷冻切片对乳腺病变的诊断。
M F Hou, T J Huang, H J Lin, Y Y Sheen, C J Huang, Y S Huang, J S Hsieh, H J Wang, C Y Chai, J R Wu
{"title":"Frozen section of diagnosis of breast lesions.","authors":"M F Hou,&nbsp;T J Huang,&nbsp;H J Lin,&nbsp;Y Y Sheen,&nbsp;C J Huang,&nbsp;Y S Huang,&nbsp;J S Hsieh,&nbsp;H J Wang,&nbsp;C Y Chai,&nbsp;J R Wu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frozen section diagnosis rendered in 549 consecutive breast biopsies performed in 5 years in a single pathology laboratory was correlated with the final pathological diagnosis. There were no false positive reports among the 220 (40.1%) biopsies interpreted as benign lesions in paraffin sections. Among 329 (59.9%) malignant biopsies on paraffin sections, 3 cases were interpreted as benign lesions on frozen sections. Three false negatives included 2 ductal carcinoma in situ and one infiltrating ductal carcinoma associated with papillomatosis. The tumors were small and confined to the breast without any evidence of metastasis. There was a very good correspondence between the frozen section diagnosis and the paraffin section diagnosis (K = 0.98). The sensitivity of frozen section diagnosis was 99.1% and the clinical diagnostic specificity was 100%. Our results suggest that frozen section diagnosis is a highly reliable procedure, but small lesions (less than 1 cm in diameter, or non-palpable) should not be subjected to frozen section examination to avoid unnecessary loss of neoplastic tissue during the frozen section. The careful investigation of paraffin-embedded tissue is recommended for small breast lesions in breast conserving lumpectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":12495,"journal":{"name":"Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18499572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Yolk sac tumor of unknown origin with intracranial and spinal metastases. 来源不明的卵黄囊肿瘤伴颅内及脊柱转移。
Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.6452/KJMS.199511.0633
C. L. Lin, A. Lieu, A. Kwan, S. Howng
{"title":"Yolk sac tumor of unknown origin with intracranial and spinal metastases.","authors":"C. L. Lin, A. Lieu, A. Kwan, S. Howng","doi":"10.6452/KJMS.199511.0633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199511.0633","url":null,"abstract":"Primary intracranial yolk sac tumor (Endodermal sinus tumor, YST) is quite rare, and most usually involves the pineal gland. This report concerns a rare case of unknown origin of yolk sac tumor with intracranial and spinal metastases. The 6-year-old boy initially manifested symptoms of acute urinary retension and paraparesis. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intrathecal tumor spreading below the third lumbar segment, and tumors also appeared in the left temporal area and right cerebellar hemisphere. The pineal region was free of neoplastic involvement and the gonads were normal. The patients underwent operation to remove intracranial and spinal tumors, and postoperative radiotherapy was administered. The histological findings showed metastatic yolk sac tumor. Multiple intracranial and spinal seeding were noticed postoperatively. The patient died of recurrent YST and pneumonia three months after operation. The origin of secondary YST can always be found in specific midline sites. This is a rare case since the primary lesion is unknown.","PeriodicalId":12495,"journal":{"name":"Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77513395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Yolk sac tumor of unknown origin with intracranial and spinal metastases. 来源不明的卵黄囊肿瘤伴颅内及脊柱转移。
C L Lin, A S Lieu, A L Kwan, S L Howng
{"title":"Yolk sac tumor of unknown origin with intracranial and spinal metastases.","authors":"C L Lin,&nbsp;A S Lieu,&nbsp;A L Kwan,&nbsp;S L Howng","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary intracranial yolk sac tumor (Endodermal sinus tumor, YST) is quite rare, and most usually involves the pineal gland. This report concerns a rare case of unknown origin of yolk sac tumor with intracranial and spinal metastases. The 6-year-old boy initially manifested symptoms of acute urinary retension and paraparesis. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intrathecal tumor spreading below the third lumbar segment, and tumors also appeared in the left temporal area and right cerebellar hemisphere. The pineal region was free of neoplastic involvement and the gonads were normal. The patients underwent operation to remove intracranial and spinal tumors, and postoperative radiotherapy was administered. The histological findings showed metastatic yolk sac tumor. Multiple intracranial and spinal seeding were noticed postoperatively. The patient died of recurrent YST and pneumonia three months after operation. The origin of secondary YST can always be found in specific midline sites. This is a rare case since the primary lesion is unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":12495,"journal":{"name":"Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18498799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In vitro production of interleukin-6 by human gingival, normal buccal mucosa, and oral submucous fibrosis fibroblasts treated with betel-nut alkaloids. 槟榔生物碱对人牙龈、正常颊黏膜和口腔黏膜下纤维化成纤维细胞体外产生白细胞介素-6的研究
Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences Pub Date : 1995-11-01 DOI: 10.6452/KJMS.199511.0604
C. C. Chen, J. F. Huang, C. Tsai
{"title":"In vitro production of interleukin-6 by human gingival, normal buccal mucosa, and oral submucous fibrosis fibroblasts treated with betel-nut alkaloids.","authors":"C. C. Chen, J. F. Huang, C. Tsai","doi":"10.6452/KJMS.199511.0604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199511.0604","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the possibility of a direct effect of betel-nut alkaloids arecoline and arecaidine on cell proliferation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by cultured fibroblasts from human normal gingiva, buccal mucosa and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) buccal mucosa in vitro. Confluent monolayers of fibroblasts were incubated with or without alkaloids in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum for 48 h at 37 degree C in 5% CO2 and air. At the end of the culture period, supernatants were collected and assayed for IL-6 level. The cell proliferation was monitored by determining 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) incorporated into cellular DNA. Except for the fact that arecoline inhibited cell growth at 100 micrograms/ml, arecoline and arecaidine had similar dose-dependent stimulant effects on the proliferation of these three groups fibroblasts. Concentrations of IL-6 in the control culture supernatants were greatest in healthy gingival fibroblasts, followed by normal buccal mucosa and OSF. Also, the presence of fetal calf serum could stimulate IL-6 release. Except for arecoline at the 100 microgram/mg, there were no significant differences in IL-6 levels between treated and control cultures of the same group when the data were expressed with mean +/- S.D.. However, two of six individuals' normal buccal mucosa fibroblasts significantly released less IL-6, and some cases of OSF and healthy gingiva exhibited slightly higher levels of IL-6 when cells were exposed to arecoline or arecaidine in cultures. Such findings suggests that arecoline and arecaidine can enhance cell proliferation and affect fibroblasts to synthesize IL-6. Furthermore, IL-6 may be a contributing molecular factor in the pathological features noted in OSF.","PeriodicalId":12495,"journal":{"name":"Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89907973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
[Incidence of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in glaucomatous patients]. 青光眼患者非动脉性前缺血性视神经病变的发生率。
R K Tsai, C M Kuo
{"title":"[Incidence of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in glaucomatous patients].","authors":"R K Tsai,&nbsp;C M Kuo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Raised intraocualr pressure has been suggested to be a contributing factor in NAION occurrence. Thus, there should be a high NAION incidence rate in glaucoma patients when compared with that of the general population. From June 1990 to December 1991, we retrospectively surveyed 180 glaucoma patients to find the incidence of NAION, but no NAION cases were found. We concluded that the increase in intraocular pressure is not a major factor to cause NAION.</p>","PeriodicalId":12495,"journal":{"name":"Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18498800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Postoperative diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. 心内直视手术患者的术后膈功能障碍。
C Z Chang, Y F Chen, H R Lin, P Y Lin, C C Chiu, Y T Lin
{"title":"Postoperative diaphragmatic dysfunction in patients undergoing open-heart surgery.","authors":"C Z Chang,&nbsp;Y F Chen,&nbsp;H R Lin,&nbsp;P Y Lin,&nbsp;C C Chiu,&nbsp;Y T Lin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diaphragmatic elevation after cardiac surgery may result in compromized post operative respiratory function, prolonged ventilator use, longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays, poor quality of life and even mortality. 200 patients receiving open-heart surgery during the two years from October 1990 to October 1992 were studied retrospectively. 26 patients developed postoperative diaphragmatic elevation (Group 2). On the other hand, 174 patients did not (Group 1). The mean age of Group 1 (37.3 +/- 20.0 years) was younger than that of Group 2 (57.4 +/- 9.1 years), P < 0.0001. The mean aortic cross-clamp time was 70.1 +/- 38.1 minutes in Group 1. On the other hand, Group 2 had a longer crossclamp time (84.5 +/- 31.3 Minutes), p < 0.03. Our study revealed that the patients who suffered post operative diaphragmatic dysfunction were older and had a longer aortic crossclamp time than the patients who did not.</p>","PeriodicalId":12495,"journal":{"name":"Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18499573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In vitro production of interleukin-6 by human gingival, normal buccal mucosa, and oral submucous fibrosis fibroblasts treated with betel-nut alkaloids. 槟榔生物碱对人牙龈、正常颊黏膜和口腔黏膜下纤维化成纤维细胞体外产生白细胞介素-6的研究
C C Chen, J F Huang, C C Tsai
{"title":"In vitro production of interleukin-6 by human gingival, normal buccal mucosa, and oral submucous fibrosis fibroblasts treated with betel-nut alkaloids.","authors":"C C Chen,&nbsp;J F Huang,&nbsp;C C Tsai","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the possibility of a direct effect of betel-nut alkaloids arecoline and arecaidine on cell proliferation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by cultured fibroblasts from human normal gingiva, buccal mucosa and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) buccal mucosa in vitro. Confluent monolayers of fibroblasts were incubated with or without alkaloids in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum for 48 h at 37 degree C in 5% CO2 and air. At the end of the culture period, supernatants were collected and assayed for IL-6 level. The cell proliferation was monitored by determining 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) incorporated into cellular DNA. Except for the fact that arecoline inhibited cell growth at 100 micrograms/ml, arecoline and arecaidine had similar dose-dependent stimulant effects on the proliferation of these three groups fibroblasts. Concentrations of IL-6 in the control culture supernatants were greatest in healthy gingival fibroblasts, followed by normal buccal mucosa and OSF. Also, the presence of fetal calf serum could stimulate IL-6 release. Except for arecoline at the 100 microgram/mg, there were no significant differences in IL-6 levels between treated and control cultures of the same group when the data were expressed with mean +/- S.D.. However, two of six individuals' normal buccal mucosa fibroblasts significantly released less IL-6, and some cases of OSF and healthy gingiva exhibited slightly higher levels of IL-6 when cells were exposed to arecoline or arecaidine in cultures. Such findings suggests that arecoline and arecaidine can enhance cell proliferation and affect fibroblasts to synthesize IL-6. Furthermore, IL-6 may be a contributing molecular factor in the pathological features noted in OSF.</p>","PeriodicalId":12495,"journal":{"name":"Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18499570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bacteriology of maxillary sinuses in rabbits. 家兔上颌窦细菌学研究。
Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.6452/KJMS.199510.0552
K. Juan, C. Peng, H. J. Lin
{"title":"Bacteriology of maxillary sinuses in rabbits.","authors":"K. Juan, C. Peng, H. J. Lin","doi":"10.6452/KJMS.199510.0552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199510.0552","url":null,"abstract":"To study whether normal sinus flora exist in normal sinus, we used 40 sinuses from 20 New Zealand white rabbits as the animal model. The histological examination was performed on sinus mucosa from each sinus and bacteria from these sinuses were cultured. Surprisingly, 70% of them (28 sinuses) were found to have sinusitis. These sinuses not only contained bacteria in culture but also showed various degree of histological inflammatory reaction in mucosa examination. Of the other 12 normal or near normal sinuses, only two showed positive bacterial culture, and ten of them showed negative bacterial culture either from discharge or mucosa studies. Accordingly, these data suggest that these two studies (bacterial culture and histological mucosa examination) are consistent. Thus, from this study it was concluded that there is no bacteria or few bacteria in normal sinus.","PeriodicalId":12495,"journal":{"name":"Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83443037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prevalence and size of simple hepatic cysts in Taiwan: community- and hospital-based sonographic surveys. 台湾单纯性肝囊肿的患病率和大小:社区和医院超声调查。
Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences Pub Date : 1995-10-01 DOI: 10.6452/KJMS.199510.0564
J. F. Huang, S. C. Chen, S. N. Lu, Z. Y. Lin, W. Chuang, M. Hsieh, L. Y. Wang, J. Tasi, W. Chang, C. J. Chen
{"title":"Prevalence and size of simple hepatic cysts in Taiwan: community- and hospital-based sonographic surveys.","authors":"J. F. Huang, S. C. Chen, S. N. Lu, Z. Y. Lin, W. Chuang, M. Hsieh, L. Y. Wang, J. Tasi, W. Chang, C. J. Chen","doi":"10.6452/KJMS.199510.0564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6452/KJMS.199510.0564","url":null,"abstract":"Simple hepatic cysts are now being diagnosed more frequently with the widespread availability of sonographic imaging. Among the general population, the prevalence was reported to be between 0.1 and 2.5%, more so in women, and more often in the right lobe. We conducted this large scale community-based sonographic screening on simple hepatic cysts to explore the age- and sex-specific prevalence in Taiwan. We also conducted another hospital-based study to record the size of simple hepatic cysts. A total of 3,600 subjects in 8 communities were recruited and 156 simple hepatic cysts in 132 study subjects were detected. The overall prevalence is 3.60%. An increasing prevalence with age is demonstrated, ranging from 0.83% from below the age of 40 up to 7.81% of patients over 60 years old. The sizes of 219 simple hepatic cysts of 167 patients out of the hospital-based 5,893 patients were recorded in detail; 53% of cysts were of a diameter of between 1 and 3 cm, and only 7% were larger than 5 cm.","PeriodicalId":12495,"journal":{"name":"Gaoxiong yi xue ke xue za zhi = The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89956867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信