Frontiers in Marine Science最新文献

{"title":"Reinforcement learning-based multi-model ensemble for ocean waves forecasting","authors":"Weinan Huang, Xiangrong Wu, Haofeng Xia, Xiaowen Zhu, Yijie Gong, Xuehai Sun","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1534622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1534622","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the challenges of uncertainty in wave simulations within complex and dynamic ocean environments by proposing a reinforcement learning-based model ensemble algorithm. The algorithm combines the predictions of multiple base models to achieve more accurate simulations of ocean variables. Utilizing the soft actor-critic reinforcement learning framework, the method dynamically adjusts the weights of each base model, enabling the model ensemble algorithm to effectively adapt to varying ocean conditions. The algorithm was validated using two SWAN models results for China’s coastal regions, with ERA5 reanalysis data serving as a reference. Results show that the ensemble model significantly outperforms the base models in terms of root mean square error, mean absolute error, and bias. Notable improvements were observed across different significant wave height ranges and in scenarios with large discrepancies between base model errors. The model ensemble algorithm effectively reduces systematic biases, improving both the stability and accuracy of wave predictions. These findings confirm the robustness and applicability of the proposed method for integrating multi-source data and handling complex ocean conditions, highlighting its potential for broader applications in ocean forecasting.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First spawning record of the widespread Indo-Pacific Pavona maldivensis observed in the Red Sea","authors":"Neus Garcias-Bonet, Marco Casartelli, Silvia Vimercati, Francesca Benzoni, Raquel S. Peixoto","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1514216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1514216","url":null,"abstract":"Information on coral reproductive biology and coral spawning times is crucial to advance basic and applied research and inform strategies for coral reef conservation and restoration. Important efforts have been made to collate coral spawning times and reproductive patterns in global and regional datasets. Here, we report and document the first <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> spawning of <jats:italic>Pavona maldivensis</jats:italic> Gardiner, 1905, observed in the Red Sea. A medium size colony was observed releasing sperm on the full moon night on 23 May 2024, at sunset time. Our observations suggest that the widespread Indo-Pacific <jats:italic>P. maldivensis</jats:italic> is likely gonochoric. This first report on the <jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic> spawning timing for <jats:italic>P. maldivensis</jats:italic> contributes to expanding coral spawning databases and provides valuable data on its reproductive biology, which is relevant for coral restoration and conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular response to hibernation challenge in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)","authors":"Muhammad Shahid Iqbal, Xiaoqi Ai, Qingjun Zhu, Ijaz Khan, Zeeshan Ali, Tian Lan, Li Ding, Meiling Hong","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1561403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1561403","url":null,"abstract":"Hibernation is a physiological strategy animals use to survive in hostile environments with extreme temperature challenges and food scarcity. During this state, significant changes occur in metabolism and cellular function, with numerous stress response pathways recalibrated to survive physiological challenges that could otherwise be fatal. Numerous studies were performed to explain the molecular mechanisms of mammalian hibernation, but detailed analyses remain scarce in reptiles. Given the limited understanding of the mechanisms regulating hibernation, we performed a comprehensive analysis of liver gene expression in the Chinese softshell turtle (<jats:italic>Pelodiscus sinensis</jats:italic>) comparing summer active (SA), hibernation (H), and early arousal (EA) states using RNA-sequencing. A total of 435 million high-quality reads were generated, identifying 3,508, 3,607, and 2,993 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the SA vs. H, H vs. EA, and EA vs. SA respectively. Gene ontology analysis revealed a shift in metabolic fuel utilization, with the down-regulation of metabolic and cellular processes during hibernation, reflecting a conserved strategy for energy conservation. The transition from hibernation to early arousal was marked by up-regulation of immune-related genes (e.g., CXCL12, ITGA4, PIGR) and endocrine regulators (e.g., CDKN1A, DLL4, IGF1R), facilitating metabolic recovery and cellular protection. Besides, we observed dynamic changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, with down-regulation of hexokinase 2 (HK2) and glucose transporters during hibernation, and up-regulation of lipid metabolism genes (LSS, GPLD1) to support membrane integrity and signaling. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying hibernation and arousal in ectotherms, with implications for understanding metabolic adaptations, immune regulation, and stress responses in extreme conditions.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of pelagic diatoms and harmful algae in tellinid bivalve diets during record low sea ice in the Pacific Arctic determined by DNA metabarcoding","authors":"Chelsea W. Koch, Sarah A. Sonsthagen, Lee W. Cooper, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier, Ann E. Riddle-Berntsen, Robert S. Cornman","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1480327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1480327","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding changes at the base of the marine food web in the rapidly transforming Arctic is essential for predicting and evaluating ecosystem dynamics. The northern Bering Sea experienced record low sea ice in 2018, followed by the second lowest in 2019, highlighting the urgency of the issue for this region. In this study, we investigated the diet of the clam <jats:italic>Macoma calcarea</jats:italic> in the Pacific Arctic using DNA metabarcoding, employing 18S and rbcL markers to identify dietary components. Our findings revealed a strong dependence on pelagic diatoms, particularly <jats:italic>Chaetoceros</jats:italic> sp., with a near absence of ice algae in the clam diet. This pattern reflects the lack of lipid-rich ice algal production during these low sea ice events. Additionally, our analysis detected algae capable of producing harmful toxins, notably <jats:italic>Alexandrium</jats:italic> dinoflagellates, in the clam diet, underscoring the need for increased monitoring due to potential ecosystem and human health risks. This study demonstrates the utility of DNA metabarcoding in unraveling the complex dynamics of Arctic marine food webs and pelagic-benthic coupling, providing a glimpse of future conditions in a rapidly changing environment.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission-reduction investment strategies in competitive shipping supply chains under carbon cap-and-trade mechanisms","authors":"Guangsheng Zhang, Zhaomin Zhang, Hao Yuan, Weijie Chen","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1546146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1546146","url":null,"abstract":"Market-based carbon cap-and-trade mechanisms play a pivotal role in reducing the carbon emissions of shipping logistics companies. Focusing on the issue of emission reduction investment in the competitive shipping logistics service supply chain (SLSSCs) under carbon cap-and-trade, this paper constructs a game theory model for emission reduction investment decision-making in the SLSSC, which comprises two participants-a shipping logistics service provider (SLSP) and a shipping logistics service integrator (SLSI)-discusses the equilibrium strategy of emission reduction investment based on optimization theory, and further explores the benefits of participating entities, consumer surplus, and social welfare under different emission reduction strategies. The findings indicate that: (1) a no-reduction investment strategy, a single-chain investment strategy, and a dual-chain investment strategy can each serve as equilibrium strategies, which are influenced by the interplay among the unit carbon emission trading price, the spillover effect of emission reduction investments, and the associated cost coefficient. (2) Both single-chain and dual-chain emission reduction strategies in the SLSSCs contribute to consumer surplus; however, their impact on social welfare is contingent on the SLSI’s cost coefficient for emission reductionn investments. (3) Under the single-chain equilibrium strategy, the spillover effect from the SLSI’s emission reduction investment has a favorable impact on returns for participants in the non-investing chain, consumer surplus, and social welfare, but adversely affectts returns for participants in the investing chain. Under the dual-chain equilibrium strategy, the spillover effect benefits both chains’ participants’ returns, consumer surplus, and social welfare. In addition, the SLSP’s altruistic inclination enhances participants’ returns, consumer surplus, and social welfare across all strategies.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First documentation of population dynamics and reproductive biology of big-scale sand smelt, A. boyeri Risso, 1810 in the coastal waters of the Southeast Caspian Sea- Northern Iran","authors":"Eisa Hajiradkouchak, Behzad Rahnama, Hasan Fazli","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1530184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1530184","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionTo effectively manage fish stocks, evaluating various aspects of population dynamics is considered crucial. Understanding invasive species is essential for conservation efforts. This study represents the first documentation of population parameters.MethodsFor this purpose, the population dynamics parameters, including growth, mortality, and recruitment of &lt;jats:italic&gt;A. boyeri&lt;/jats:italic&gt;, found in the Coastal Waters of the southeast Caspian Sea of Northern Iran, were analyzed using FiSAT II software.ResultThe analyzed specimens were sampled with a total weight range of 1.2 to 12.51 g and a total length range of 60 to 125 mm. The population has a 5-year life cycle. The length-weight relationship was estimated as W=0.0055 L&lt;jats:sup&gt;3.0774&lt;/jats:sup&gt; for males and W= 0.0083 L&lt;jats:sup&gt;2.9185&lt;/jats:sup&gt; for females. The slope value (b) of the length-weight relationships obtained for &lt;jats:italic&gt;A. boyeri&lt;/jats:italic&gt; were between 2.69-3.13 with an average value of 2.91. While populations of &lt;jats:italic&gt;A. boyeri&lt;/jats:italic&gt; showed negative allometric growth patterns, the males of exhibited positive allometric growth patterns, whereas the females had negative allometric growth patterns. The von Bertalanffy growth function fitted to back-calculated size at age data was: Lt = 126.5 [1- exp &lt;jats:sup&gt;- 0.34(t + 0.234)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;] and Lt =131.3[1-exp&lt;jats:sup&gt;- 0.35(t + 0.374)&lt;/jats:sup&gt;] for males and females respectively. The average relative condition factor was reported to be 0.62 and 0.79 for males and females respectively. The growth performance index (∅’) was reported to be 1.74 and 2.10 for males and females respectively. The total mortality of 1.73 year&lt;jats:sup&gt;–1&lt;/jats:sup&gt;, consisting of natural mortality of 1.38 year&lt;jats:sup&gt;–1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; and fishing mortality of 0.35 year&lt;jats:sup&gt;–1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; and 1.21 year&lt;jats:sup&gt;–1&lt;/jats:sup&gt;, consisting of natural mortality of 0.90 year&lt;jats:sup&gt;–1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; and fishing mortality of 0.31 year&lt;jats:sup&gt;–1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; was reported for males and females respectively. An exploitation rate of 0.20 and 0.26 for males and females respectively, is suggestive of a less exploited state of the fish. For both sexes, the length at first maturity was found to be higher than the length at first capture, a condition that can disturb the stock, as such the utility of a net with a relatively larger mesh size is advisable. The sex ratio was 1:1.34 in favor of females. For both sexes, the reproductive season, evaluated from GSI, extended from March to June, with a peak in April. The average absolute and relative fecundities were 2865 eggs and 684 eggs g&lt;jats:sup&gt;-1&lt;/jats:sup&gt; of body weight respectively. The diameter of oocytes ranged from 0.028 to 0.25 mm with a mean value of 0.54.DiscussionThe life-history patterns of &lt;jats:italic&gt;A. boyeri&lt;/jats:italic&gt; in the population under study imply that the population of this species in the southeast Caspian Sea differs markedly from those of other localit","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benthic drivers of structural complexity in coral reefs across a tropical-subtropical transition zone","authors":"Meng-Hsin Morris Wu, Lauriane Ribas-Deulofeu, Chia-Hung Eric Liu, Yoko Nozawa, Vianney Denis","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1513498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1513498","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines changes in structural complexity of coral reefs in a tropical-subtropical transition zone and identifies the benthic factors influencing their patterns. Structure-from-motion photogrammetry was used to create digital elevation models (DEMs) and generate orthomosaic images for 25 study sites distributed across five coral reef regions along the east coast of Taiwan. A selection of 11 complexity metrics was used to capture the overall variations while benthic composition was described. It was found that fine-scale complexity decreases with increasing latitude as the dominance of intricate coral morphologies is replaced by plain zoanthids and crustose coralline algae. Coarse-scale complexity, on the other hand, increases in subtropical reefs with large boulders and unstable substrates, reflecting unique topographic features in regions of lower coral cover and accretion. Latitudinal variation in complexity is mostly driven by the turnover in benthic composition. These changes alter the available habitats and could ultimately affect the overall biodiversity and functionality of reef systems. Understanding transitional patterns is particularly important as ocean warming may lead to a reorganization of existing benthic communities in tropical-subtropical transition zones.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers and consequences of degradation in tropical reef island ecosystems: strategies for restoration and conservation","authors":"Saba Najeeb, Raja Asad Ali Khan, Xiao Deng, Chunyuan Wu","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1518701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1518701","url":null,"abstract":"Rising sea levels are threatening the Reef Islands, which have restricted areas that too just a few meters above sea level, besides the global and local anthropogenic strains including devastative methods used for fishing and pollution that impact the majority of the tropical coastal areas as well as the encircling reef ecosystems that are the only sediment sources required for sustenance of these islands. The carbonate skeletal of the sediments is potentially changed due to these strains jeopardizing the physical existence of reef islands through enhanced coral mortality and producing a shift of macro algal supremacy over the corals. Further decline of these vital ecosystems can be stopped by addressing the primary causes of the destructing, enforcing the potential therapeutic and conservative measures, and promoting the stakeholder’s cooperation.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of ecological compensation programs under centralized management: evidence from China","authors":"Xiaoyao Xie, Wentai Tao, Yuhong Wang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1514149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1514149","url":null,"abstract":"Watershed ecological compensation programs have emerged as a pivotal instrument for internalizing the externalities associated with watershed ecological protection. In most countries, the direct participants in ecological compensation projects are ordinary persons and enterprises, but in China, the direct participants are local governments and the central government, which to some extent affected the efficacy of the compensation programs. This study used PSM–DID to analyze the efficacy of the Xin’an River Basin Ecological Compensation Project (Xin’an-BECP) and calculated the loss of opportunity developed in the upstream area through EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) fitting, which makes the benefit assessment of government-led ecological compensation projects more objective and provides a model that can be used to analyze the benefits of BECP in developing countries. Our results show that (1) the treatment effect of the Xin’an-BECP is not obvious; (2) the compensation funds gained by the upstream area are much lower than the theoretical opportunity loss; and (3) enterprises are not transaction participants in the Xin’an-BECP. Finally, based on the conclusions of the discussion, we propose specific policy recommendations to guide developing countries in increasing the compensatory effects of BECP in the context of growing demand for economic development.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"570 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of shelf margin clinoform: control of the development of deep-water sedimentary systems","authors":"Tong Li, Detian Yan, Entao Liu, Junfeng Zhang, Xiaosong Wei, Zeyu Lu, Xudong Lin","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1519179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1519179","url":null,"abstract":"The clinothem is the fundamental element of basin infill and plays an important role in the source-to-sink system of deep-water basins. In this study, which is based on 2D and 3D seismic data, the spatiotemporal evolution of clinothems and depositional systems from the Miocene to the Pleistocene in the Qiongdongnan Basin, northern South China Sea, is investigated. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) three variations of clinothems in the Qiongdongnan Basin were recognized respective O-, S- and F-type clinothems; (2) fluctuations in the relative base level, in combination with variations in sediment supply, result in different clinothem patterns that may be used to understand changes in these depositional factors; and (3) the development of O-type clinothem is usually accompanied by slope instability and slumping, leading to mass transport deposits on the basin plain. When suitable transport pathways exist (e.g., shelf canyons) on the shelf-edge or when the F-type clinothem develops, sediments can be dispersed basinward, promoting submarine fan development. Results from this study will help in understanding the sedimentological development of slope and basin plain areas and offers significant insights into the understanding of deep-sea depositional systems.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143486179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}