Frontiers in Marine Science最新文献

{"title":"Contrasting microbial assembly and iron–sulfur–carbon cycling in the abandoned and present Yellow River estuaries","authors":"Mengxuan Yang, Yuchen Li, Quanchao Cui, Fengjie Liu, Xiaowen Liu, Chao Tang, Siqi Zhao, Xiaole Sun","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2026.1967717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1967717","url":null,"abstract":"Large river deltas are important coastal carbon sinks, yet how changes in sediment supply are associated with subsurface microbial communities and biogeochemical processes remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated meter-long sediment cores from the abandoned (YRM1) and present (YRM2) Yellow River estuaries, representing contrasting settings associated with the historical river diversion. Depth-aggregated iCAMP analysis showed a shift from heterogeneous selection to dispersal limitation with depth at YRM1, whereas heterogeneous selection dominated both intervals at YRM2. Positive cohesion was higher in the subsurface sediments of YRM2 than in those of YRM1. Continued sediment accumulation at YRM2 coincided with persistent reactive Fe pools, sustained Fe-redox-related functional potential, and greater vertical community continuity. Shallow Fe(II) accumulation corresponded with higher abundances of Fe(III)-reduction/extracellular electron transfer (EET)-related homologs, whereas secondary Fe(II) enrichment in deeper YRM1 sediments was not closely matched by the detected functional potential, suggesting contributions from multiple Fe transformation pathways. Deeper YRM1 sediments also showed greater methane- and C1-metabolism-related functional potential as reactive Fe contents declined, although <jats:italic>mcrA</jats:italic> homologs remained low overall. These results show that contrasting sedimentary regimes are associated with differences in microbial assembly, reactive Fe–S geochemistry, and benthic carbon-cycling potential.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health risk assessment associated with Hg, As, and Se in the dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus and the striped marlin Kajikia audax from the southern Gulf of California","authors":"J. Ruelas-Inzunza, Y. K. Arriaga-Flores, K. G. Sánchez-Osuna, B. Gil-Manrique, O. Escobar-Sánchez, P. Spanopoulos-Zarco, B. Vega-Sánchez","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2026.1950335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1950335","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The aims of the study were to determine the distribution of As, Hg, and Se in the muscle and liver of the dolphinfish <jats:italic>Coryphaena hippurus</jats:italic> and the striped marlín <jats:italic>Kajikia audax</jats:italic> and to assess the health risks related to the intake of their edible portion. Methods Fish were captured during sport fishing trips in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico (southern Gulf of California) in 2018 and 2019. Elemental analyses were conducted using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results and Discussion For both fish species, Spearman’s correlations of the elemental concentrations with the length and weight of individuals were positive and significant, except for Se in the muscle of <jats:italic>C. hippurus</jats:italic> with size of specimens. The median concentrations (in micrograms per gram wet weight) of Hg, As, and Se were as follows: in <jats:italic>C. hippurus</jats:italic> were 0.08, 0.81, and 0.20 in the muscle and 0.09, 2.40, and 0.27 in the liver, respectively, and in <jats:italic>K. audax</jats:italic> were 0.29, 0.591, and 0.27 in the muscle and 0.12, 1.50, and 0.23 in the liver, respectively. In <jats:italic>C. hippurus</jats:italic> , the sequence of elemental concentrations was As &amp;gt; Se &amp;gt; Hg in both the muscle and liver; in <jats:italic>K. audax</jats:italic> , the order resulted as As &amp;gt; Hg &amp;gt; Se in the muscle and As &amp;gt; Se &amp;gt; Hg in the liver. For both fish species, the hazard quotients (assuming that 10% of As was inorganic and considering total Hg as a surrogate for methylmercury) related with their consumption were HQ <jats:sub>Hg</jats:sub> &amp;gt; HQ <jats:sub>Se</jats:sub> &amp;gt;HQ <jats:sub>As</jats:sub> . With respect to the hazard index, in <jats:italic>C. hippurus</jats:italic> , all values were below 1; in <jats:italic>K. audax</jats:italic> , the values were above 1 in 82.8% of children, 45.3% of women of childbearing age, and 32.8% of men. Under the HBV <jats:sub>Se</jats:sub> approach, the values were positive for all tissues in both species, indicating that Se is present in molar excess over Hg. From these estimations, it is necessary to continue monitoring and dietary risk assessment, particularly in people with elevated rates of fish consumption and those in vulnerable groups.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric forcing of an extreme Baltic Sea-level depression and post-minimum exchange in winter 2025/2026","authors":"Daniel Rak, Jaromir Jakacki, Maciej Muzyka, Anna Izabela Bulczak, Anna Przyborska, Krzysztof Markowicz, Robert Osiński, Małgorzata Kitowska","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2026.1949814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1949814","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction During winter 2025/2026, the Baltic Sea experienced a pronounced basin-wide sea-level depression, with regional sea surface height (SSH) anomalies reaching approximately −60 cm or lower. We examine its atmospheric forcing, associated volume changes and subsequent hydrographic conditions. Methods We combine Copernicus Marine SSH, ERA5 atmospheric fields, Landsort/Landsort–Norra observations, modelled net transport across a Kattegat section, and CTD, Argo and glider measurements. Historical analyses assess the rarity of the atmospheric forcing and sea-level response. Results The minimum on 7 February 2026 followed persistent high pressure over the Baltic, easterly winds over the southern Baltic and North Sea, and an outflow-favourable Baltic–North Sea pressure difference. The Baltic–North Sea pressure-gradient anomaly peaked approximately five days before the Landsort–Norra sea-level minimum. The SSH-derived volume anomaly reached approximately −290 km³ relative to 1 November–15 December 2025 and increased to approximately −61 km³ by 6 April, a recovery of 229 km³, or 76% of the preceding 302 km³ decrease. The North Sea and southern Baltic easterly wind components ranked first among 87 winters, while the compound forcing index ranked second among 78 valid winters. The Landsort/Landsort–Norra sea-level minimum ranked fourth among 139 winter seasons. April CTD sections show relatively saline and oxygenated lower-layer water in the Bornholm Basin and Słupsk Furrow, while oxygen-depleted deep water persisted in the Gdańsk Basin. Glider observations show marked but spatially heterogeneous lower-layer oxygenation from late April into May. Discussion Transport-derived volume change broadly followed the SSH-derived evolution, supporting a substantial contribution from exchange. Differences in domain, atmospheric corrections and unquantified freshwater terms prevent quantitative budget closure. Hydrographic observations are consistent with inflow-related renewal but do not uniquely attribute all features to one post-minimum event. The preceding depression is interpreted as a possible preconditioning factor; volume recovery alone does not determine saline-water import or Major Baltic Inflow classification.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native calanoid copepods for marine fish larviculture: a systematic review and evidence-maturity assessment","authors":"Jordan I. Huanacuni, Pablo Presa, Renzo Pepe-Victoriano, Montse Pérez, Luis Antonio Espinoza-Ramos","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2026.1989369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1989369","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The choice of live prey remains a persistent constraint in the larviculture of marine finfish. However, the available literature has not been systematically organized to distinguish promising biological traits from the evidence required for reproducible culture, direct larviculture validation, production scaling, and hatchery implementation, particularly for native and locally isolated calanoids. Methods We searched the Web of Science Core Collection following the PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-S guidelines. Four complementary searches yielded 1,499 records; after 342 overlaps were removed, two reviewers independently screened 1,157 unique records. Consensus decisions assigned 199 records to the direct systematic synthesis, 146 to a contextual mapping stratum, and 812 to the predefined exclusion categories. Study-level extraction used downloaded original publications. Evidence was organized across culture, reproduction, environmental tolerance, nutritional characterization, prey suitability, fish larviculture, scale-up, and dormant-stage storage topics. We then applied a two-layer Calanoid Aquaculture Evidence Maturity Index: CAEMI-A describes bibliographic coverage across the mapped taxa, whereas CAEMI-B compares the full-text technological evidence for seven sufficiently documented taxa. Results Within the evidence-maturity framework and under equal weights, <jats:italic>Acartia tonsa</jats:italic> scored 95.8, followed by <jats:italic>Parvocalanus crassirostris</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pseudodiaptomus annandalei</jats:italic> (83.3 each). A Monte Carlo analysis using 100,000 Dirichlet weight sets kept <jats:italic>A. tonsa</jats:italic> in rank 1 in every simulation, whereas the positions of the remaining taxa varied with the priorities assigned to individual dimensions. Following the reference-to-claim audit, the D6 larviculture ratings were reduced from 2 to 1 for <jats:italic>Bestiolina similis</jats:italic> and from 1 to 0 for <jats:italic>Gladioferens imparipes</jats:italic> because the supporting studies assessed prey capture or copepod culture rather than direct fish growth and survival. Discussion This review concludes with a seven-stage research framework and nine priorities for moving regional strains from initial identification to hatchery testing.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149236084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-domain risk governance of transboundary marine policies for blue carbon ecosystem protection: a fuzzy AHP evaluation framework applied to the nuclear wastewater discharge case","authors":"WeiLun Huang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2026.1928781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1928781","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Blue carbon ecosystems sequester carbon at rates that dwarf most terrestrial forests yet occupy less than 0.5% of the global ocean surface, making their protection under transboundary marine policy shocks both ecologically imperative and analytically underserved. Unilateral marine policy decisions in one coastal state, whether discharging pollutants, restructuring fishery regimes, or altering spatial zoning, generate externalities that propagate simultaneously across political, economic, industrial, and environmental channels into the blue carbon systems of neighboring states. No existing risk assessment tool captures this cross-domain, transjurisdictional character in a single integrated procedure. Methods This study develops and applies a Cross-Domain Risk Management Procedure (CDRMP) calibrated explicitly to blue carbon governance contexts. Grounded in polycentric governance theory, ecosystem services economics, and a transboundary externality model, the CDRMP framework embeds 36 evaluation criteria constructed via Nominal Group Technique and weighted via Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) across 114 respondents from government, industry, and public constituencies. The framework is applied to Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear wastewater discharge into the Pacific Ocean as an illustrative transboundary case. Results Three principal findings emerge. First, geopolitical contestation (weight 0.197) nearly matches direct environmental contamination (0.206) in CDRMP severity, indicating that political governance instability and ecological contamination are mutually reinforcing rather than sequential risk events. Second, five of the seven highest-ranked criteria are blue-carbon-relevant, three of them blue-carbon-specific additions introduced by the ecological extension of the standard environmental domain, suggesting that frameworks without such calibration may systematically underdetect the most severe governance risks. Third, policy evaluation under optimistic, pessimistic, and equal-probabilities decision criteria shows no single policy dominating across all rules and analytical levels: marine environmental policy is preferred under two of three criteria at the dimension level and attains the single lowest aggregate deviation observed (0.856 under equal-probabilities), marine spatial policy is preferred under the pessimistic criterion at both levels, and marine economic policy is preferred under the optimistic criterion at the criterion level. Discussion The contingent pattern of policy preference is consistent with, though not a direct test of, complementary rather than substitutable governance roles across environmental, spatial, and economic instruments. The study contributes the first quantitatively operational CDRMP framework to the literatures on polycentric governance, blue carbon ecosystem services, and multi-criteria marine policy evaluation, providing coastal states with a replicable assessment procedure for transbound","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine heatwave exposure is changing unevenly across Scottish aquaculture sites","authors":"Camila Toledo-Jaime, Jennifer Graham, Ben Hudson, David Moffat, Bryony Townhill, Steven Palmer","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2026.1963854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1963854","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are an increasing climate hazard for coastal aquaculture, yet regional assessments may not resolve how exposure varies across the locations where farms operate. Methods Here, we analysed daily ~5-km OSTIA sea surface temperature data from 1990 to 2025 at the locations of 361 active Scottish finfish and shellfish farms, represented by 218 unique grid cells, and compared satellite temperatures with in situ records from eight farms. We used principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering to describe long-term MHW exposure, and mixed-effects models to assess temporal changes. Results Two broad exposure profiles were identified. Cluster 1 was characterised by higher mean, maximum and cumulative intensity, whereas differences in event duration and frequency between clusters were smaller. Temporal trends, however, differed more strongly. MHW frequency increased at similar rates in both clusters, while event duration, cumulative intensity and severity increased more rapidly in Cluster 2. Between 1990 -2019 and 2020 -2025, estimated event duration increased by 44.6% in Cluster 1 and 89.9% in Cluster 2, while cumulative intensity increased by 50.0% and approximately 127.5%, respectively (cluster × period, p &amp;lt; 0.001). The estimated probability of a Severe or Extreme event rose from 2.2% to 26.2% in Cluster 2, compared with 1.8% to 6.1% in Cluster 1 (cluster × period, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Mean event intensity changed comparatively little. Discussion These findings show that MHW exposure across Scottish aquaculture is multidimensional, spatially uneven and changing at different rates through time. The resulting hazard -exposure landscape helps bridge regional MHW assessments and individual-farm monitoring, providing a foundation for more targeted monitoring and future assessment of aquaculture vulnerability and climate risk.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"284 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the impact of subsidies on biological inputs for shrimp production in Mexico using instrumental variables","authors":"Gerzaín Avilés-Polanco, Luis Felipe Beltrán-Morales, Laura Sour, Paola Magallón-Servín, Lizbeth Salgado-Beltrán","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2026.1958858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1958858","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, shrimp farming is characterized by an inherently volatile business model, with a “high risk, high return” profile. To date, there is no causal evidence to determine the effect of subsidies on biological inputs for shrimp production in the country. This study addresses the following research question: what is the causal effect of subsidies on biological-inputs on shrimp production in Mexico? This study estimates the causal effect of subsidies on biological inputs (specifically, postlarvaes) using the Local Average Treatment Effect (LATE) with a two-stage least squares (2SLS) design during the 2018–2019 period. The instrumental variable (IV) analysis reveals that subsidies on biological inputs, particularly shrimp larvae, had a LATE effect of 109.95 tons on farms with semi-intensive production systems, whereas on farms with intensive systems, the average effect was 82.56 tons in shrimp production during the 2020–2025 period. This is the first causal study conducted on subsidies for biological inputs in the aquaculture industry in Mexico. The results obtained contribute to the debate on the redesign of support programs, with the aim of mitigating basic financial risks and promoting the modernization of the sector, especially considering the post-COVID-19 landscape.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149236085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Police force” or “military force”? A functionalist framework for the South China Sea","authors":"Xiuying Li","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2026.1967148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1967148","url":null,"abstract":"In the disputed maritime areas of the South China Sea, frequent coercive standoffs between state law enforcement vessels have made the demarcation between police force and military force a pressing legal issue. Through a comparative analytical approach, the dual administrative and military nature of coast guard agencies, paired with the absence of clear substantive limits on different types of weapons and use intensity, renders the traditional formalism-based approach unworkable. This article advocates a shift to functionalism, which determines the legal nature of coercive maritime acts by their actual function, and develops a four-element classification framework covering the target of the action, the legal basis invoked, the measures of implementation, and the systemic effect of the conduct. On this basis, this article proposes two collaborative governance mechanisms—area-specific law enforcement cooperation and the tiered response mechanism—to reduce risks of miscalculation and unintended escalation through a phased incremental approach.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent oil spill detection and segmentation using deep CNN and transformer architectures","authors":"Parvathi Ramasubramanian, Arundhathi Krishnan, Mohammed Nasih Pulikkathodi, Pranav Etavan Puthiyaveedu, Pattabiraman Venkatasubbu, Krishna Priya Ganesan, Logeshwari Venkatesan","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2026.1967710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1967710","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Oil spills pose significant threats to marine ecosystems and coastal environments, making rapid and reliable detection essential for effective environmental monitoring and response. Satellite imagery enables large-scale monitoring; however, differences among greyscale Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), pseudo-RGB SAR, and optical RGB imagery introduce challenges for developing a unified oil-spill detection framework. Conventional approaches based on a single image modality or fixed thresholds may also confuse oil spills with visually similar phenomena, including low-wind areas, shadows, and biogenic films. Methods This study proposes a three-stage Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based framework for oil-spill analysis across multiple image modalities. The first stage classifies the input image modality, the second performs binary oil-spill detection, and the third generates pixel-level segmentation maps. Image enhancement techniques, including speckle filtering, Sakaguchi contrast enhancement, and Local Contrast Ratio (LCR), are incorporated to improve image quality and enhance discriminative features for model learning. Results Experimental evaluation demonstrated successful performance of the implemented modality classification, binary oil-spill detection, and Optical RGB segmentation components. The Phase 3 Optical RGB U-Net achieved a Dice/F1 score of 0.8756, an IoU of 0.7787, a precision of 0.8101, and a recall of 0.9525 on a 560-image evaluation dataset. The high recall indicates that the model effectively identified most oil-spill pixels, while the comparatively lower precision indicates some misclassification of background pixels as oil-spill regions. SAR-based segmentation experiments were affected by challenges associated with ground-truth mask processing and computational limitations. Discussion The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed multi-stage CNN framework, particularly for Optical RGB oil-spill segmentation, where the model achieved strong pixel-level detection performance. However, the incomplete SAR segmentation experiments limit quantitative conclusions regarding SAR-based segmentation. Therefore, the present findings primarily establish the effectiveness of the implemented Optical RGB segmentation component, while comprehensive SAR segmentation evaluation remains an area for further investigation.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological restoration of the land-sea interface: practices, challenges, and prospects in the Yellow River Delta","authors":"Yiyin Peng, Xi Chen, Xuejun Gao, Maihuan Zhao, Ruyue Yu, Yang Liu, Chengye Jiang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2026.1983485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2026.1983485","url":null,"abstract":"The ecological degradation of the Yellow River Delta is driven by the coupled effects of multiple land–river–sea stressors, including altered fluvial water and sediment regimes, seawater intrusion, biological invasions, and intensive human activities. However, existing restoration practices remain largely component-specific and therefore have limited capacity to address these interacting pressures. This review synthesizes multidisciplinary evidence to elucidate the major degradation processes, trace the evolution of restoration research, and characterize emerging synergistic restoration practices in the Yellow River Delta. The analysis reveals an increasing research emphasis on ecological connectivity, multi-objective coordination, and system-oriented restoration alongside earlier attention to water–sediment regulation and single-factor restoration. Based on representative practices, we further identify three complementary dimensions of synergistic restoration: elemental synergy, integrating hydrology, salinity, topography, and biological processes; spatial synergy, linking watershed, landscape, estuarine, and nearshore scales; and objective synergy, integrating invasive-species control with native habitat reconstruction. Building on these findings, we propose a resilience-oriented restoration framework that integrates Nature-based Solutions, Digital Twin technologies, and cross-scale adaptive management. This framework provides a systematic basis for coordinating ecological processes, restoration actions, and management institutions in the Yellow River Delta and offers transferable insights for other rapidly changing deltaic ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149235708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}