Frontiers in Marine Science最新文献

{"title":"Production of enriched protein extracts from cultivated Ulva sp. (Chlorophyta, Ulvales) by high-pressure homogenization","authors":"Anna Déniel Luque, Hugo Pliego-Cortés, Anne-Sophie Burlot, Nolwenn Terme, Marie Furic, Nathalie Bourgougnon","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1675710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1675710","url":null,"abstract":"The human food sector plays a crucial role in supporting population growth and ensuring human well-being. In the context of global food security, environmental challenges, and the diversification of protein sources, research into new innovative and sustainable protein sources is essential. In Europe, alternative protein sources such as cultivated seaweed are a promising solution, with potential health benefits and increased sustainability. This study investigated the use of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) to obtain protein-enriched fractions from dried biomass of cultivated <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> sp. The biochemical composition, physical-chemistry (FTIR and granulometric analysis) and the biological activities of the supernatant and residue fractions were evaluated after HPH treatment at pressures of 0, 600, 800, and 1000 bars. Results showed that, depending on their nature, pressure significantly influenced the biochemical composition and separation of compounds into the residue and supernatant, and underlined the potential of HPH to enhance protein recovery from <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> sp. HPH facilitated separation of ulvan polysaccharides, known for their anti-nutritional effects, and from the protein fraction with high recovery yields of 60.0% protein in the residue. The highest protein content was found in residues at 1000 bars (8.93%) compared to in the crude extract (4.1%). Amino acid analysis revealed that essential amino acids accounted for 42% of total amino acids in the <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> sp. fraction, with high levels of valine, leucine and methionine. The ulvan fraction (concentration of rhamnose, uronic acids and sulphate groups) was preferentially extracted at 1000 bars, where the supernatants contained 28.6 ± 4.5% of uronic acids, 23.2 ± 4.9% of sulfate groups, and 3.72 ± 0.31% of rhamnose (p&amp;lt; 0.05).These results provide clear evidence that HPH is effective in disrupting the cell wall and facilitating the release of compounds of interest. These results also suggest that the HPH process could position cultivated <jats:italic>Ulva</jats:italic> sp. as an important potential source of food protein.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk assessment of shrimp-derived probiotics on culture performance and environmental biosafety in shrimp larvae rearing system","authors":"Junqi Yu, Chengjia Wu, Pengsheng Dong, Chen Chen, Heng Chen, Jinfei Chen, Xiaoshuang Liu, Ke Wang, Kai Wang, Demin Zhang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1683189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1683189","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous probiotics are widely applied in <jats:italic>Penaeus vannamei</jats:italic> aquaculture due to their potential to enhance disease resistance and promote growth. However, their biological and environmental safety requires comprehensive evaluation, particularly during the larval stage. This study investigated the effects of shrimp derived <jats:italic>Lactobacillus casei</jats:italic> HD1 and <jats:italic>Bacillus licheniformis</jats:italic> WZ1 on larval growth performance, aquatic bacterial communities, potential pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), by using illumina sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR), comparing probiotic-treated and control (CK) groups. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved survival rate, biomass, and individual weight, while reducing concentrations of NH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub><jats:sup>+</jats:sup>-N, NO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub><jats:sup>−</jats:sup>-N, and PO<jats:sub>4</jats:sub><jats:sup>3−</jats:sup>-P in rearing water. Compared to the control, α-diversity of the aquatic microbiota increased significantly, accompanied by elevated relative abundances of <jats:italic>Bacteroidota</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Bacillota</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Balneolota</jats:italic>. The results of qPCR showed that no significant changes in abundance of ARGs and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus</jats:italic> in taxa were observed, whereas <jats:italic>Bacillus</jats:italic> was significantly enriched within probiotic-adding, compared to CK group. Notably, structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that probiotics enhanced aquaculture performance through multiple pathways: indirectly by modulating aquatic microbial communities and directly by mitigating waterborne nutrients. These findings support the use of targeted indigenous probiotics as a sustainable strategy to balance productivity with environmental health, reduce reliance on antibiotics, overcome larval survival bottlenecks, and ensure ecological safety. Furthermore, the distinct impacts of different probiotics on microbial structure and host performance highlight the importance of strategic formulation in probiotic combinations for shrimp larval aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro- and sediment dynamics in a cold-water coral reef: insights from a 3D numerical model","authors":"Gerhard Bartzke, Dierk Hebbeln, Katrin Huhn","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1654625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1654625","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionCold-water coral reefs shape their surrounding environment by modifying local hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics, which in turn influence reef development and mound formation.MethodsThis study employs a three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, implemented in OpenFOAM, to investigate how the coral colonies influence near-bed flow and sediment transport processes at centimeter-to-meter scales. The simulated coral framework, composed of twelve colonies arranged in a 3×4 grid, was exposed to steady ambient flow conditions and a uniform sediment supply, to capture velocity fields, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and sediment concentration patterns.ResultsResults reveal that coral structures induce spatial flow heterogeneity, generating turbulent zones near stems that drive sediment resuspension and low-velocity, where low-turbulence areas promote deposition. Inter-coral gaps emerge as primary depositional zones, where low turbulence facilitates sediment accumulation.DiscussionThis underscores the pivotal role of coral morphology in directing sediment pathways and demonstrates how small-scale hydrodynamic processes govern localized deposition. By linking small-scale hydrodynamics with sediment dynamics, these findings suggest the early stages of mound aggradation, advancing understanding of the physical processes supporting cold-water coral reef development.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a national marine park in the South China Sea: legal framework necessity, feasibility assessment, and governance solutions for marine environmental protection","authors":"Yuwen Huang","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1684627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1684627","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing a National Marine Park (NMP) in the South China Sea (SCS) plays a pivotal role in protecting marine biodiversity, mitigating ecological threats caused by human activities, and promoting sustainable development. This study evaluates the necessity and feasibility of establishing an NMP in the South China Sea from three dimensions: ecological conservation, economic benefits, and regional governance. Based on a comprehensive review of the current legislative status regarding national marine parks in China, it points out four pressing legal issues that need to be addressed for the construction of an NMP in the South China Sea. These issues include jurisdictional disputes over the waters of the South China Sea, gaps in domestic laws and regulations pertaining to marine parks, fragmented enforcement mechanisms, and the absence of specialized dispute resolution institution. The study proposes resolving these issues by initially establishing marine park pilot projects in waters without jurisdictional disputes, improving domestic specialized legislation and supporting implementation regulations, enhancing enforcement mechanisms, and establishing specialized dispute resolution institution to ensure the smooth construction and maintenance of the NMP in the South China Sea. With the formal establishment of the NMP in the South China Sea and the implementation of subsequent conservation and management measures, the marine ecosystem in the South China Sea will receive better protection, marking an important step for China in leading marine environmental governance in the region and serving as a model for practicing the concept of a “Marine Community with a Shared Future” in the South China Sea.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synergistic effect between engineering measures and ecological measures in coastal erosion prevention","authors":"Liang Geng, Ziang Dou, Yuxian Gu, Haobing Cao, Peng Yao, Zeng Zhou, Jie Shao","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1671752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1671752","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal areas, especially salt marshes, are key regions for ecological stability and coastal protection, but they are increasingly threatened by erosion, sea-level rise, and invasive species. This study focuses on the synergistic effects of engineering measures (soft mattresses) and ecological restoration (native <jats:italic>Suaeda salsa</jats:italic>) on the coastal geomorphological evolution and ecosystem resilience in the Tiaozini tidal flat of Jiangsu Province, China. Through field measurements (using RTK-GPS, UAV terrain scanning, and vegetation plot sampling) and bio-morphodynamic coupling models, the hydrodynamic processes, sediment transport, vegetation growth, and morphological changes were studied. The results show that soft mattresses altered the flow field, reduced the hydrodynamic force in the sheltered areas, promoted sediment deposition, and transformed the sheltered areas from an erosive environment to a depositional one. The presence of <jats:italic>Suaeda salsa</jats:italic> enhanced the resilience of the coast by increasing bed roughness, weakening tidal energy, and stabilizing sediments, maintaining a stable sedimentation rate even under strong tidal dynamics. The synergy between soft mattresses and <jats:italic>Suaeda salsa</jats:italic> significantly improved the restoration efficiency. In the high-tide flat, the cumulative sediment accumulation over four years reached 1.767×10<jats:sup>4</jats:sup> m<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>, which is 32.26% higher than the accumulation achieved by relying solely on engineering measures and 82.54% higher than that achieved by relying solely on ecological measures. Additionally, the artificial planting intensity and offshore sediment supply affected the coverage of <jats:italic>Suaeda salsa</jats:italic>. Moderate planting intensity and adequate sediment supply increased the survival rate and the resilience of the ecosystem. This study clarifies the biophysical feedback between <jats:italic>Suaeda salsa</jats:italic> and coastal geomorphology, providing a scientific basis for the engineering-ecological integrated strategy for coastal erosion control and ecological restoration.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"19 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the potential impacts and interactive effects of climate warming and multi-gear fishing on the Eastern Ionian Sea ecosystem using EwE and ecological indicators","authors":"Georgia Papantoniou, Vasiliki Sgardeli, Vassiliki Vassilopoulou, Konstantinos Tsagarakis","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1621603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1621603","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionCurrent manifestations of anthropogenic stressors on coastal ecosystems have intensified the need for a more profound understanding of trophic interactions, particularly under the ongoing climate change that is triggering the rewiring of food webs globally.MethodsHerein, we present the development of an Ecopath model for the Eastern Ionian Sea (EIS; Central Mediterranean) in 1998-2000, the parameterization and fitting of the dynamic module Ecosim to biomass and catch data from 2000 to 2020, and future projections of the ecosystems’ responses to a set of single and multiple stressor scenarios for the period 2021-2080. The 21 simulations consisted of two levels of climate change and total and gear-specific fishing effort reduction. We estimated the cumulative impact of multiple stressors on ecosystem dynamics, with emphasis on stressor interactions (synergistic vs. antagonistic) and addressed the response of ecological indicators estimated in broad functional groups (e.g. trophic guilds, pelagic and demersal resources), to identify those that best track perturbation-induced shifts.ResultsThe EIS is a moderately complex oligotrophic ecosystem, where exploitation indices classified fishing activities as sustainable, yet some stocks remain overexploited (e.g., hake, cuttlefish). The integration of trophic interactions, climate warming, fishing activity, and primary production enhanced the model's accuracy, indicating that both anthropogenic exploitation and environmental factors have historically shaped ecosystem dynamics. Future simulations highlighted that the high-baseline carbon emission scenario (RCP8.5) intensified ecosystem changes, compared to the scenario of moderate carbon mitigation (RCP4.5) after 2050. Moreover, antagonistic stressor interactions that persisted throughout the projection period under combined RCP4.5 scenarios shifted to synergistic by the latter half of the century (2080) under RCP8.5, resulting in negative effects on the biomass of most functional groups and raising serious concerns for future stock sustainability, as synergistic effects of stressors may non-linearly increase adverse impacts on ecosystems. Indicators showed that multiple stressors led to less abundant, less diverse, and lower trophic level benthivore communities, while piscivores were particularly vulnerable to warming, supporting projections of top-predator declines.DiscussionOur findings emphasize the urgency of utilizing the window of opportunity until 2050 to integrate climate-adaptive measures into fisheries management in order to prevent future declines of Mediterranean marine resources.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"204 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between oceans: stepping-stone dispersal and the Pacific-to-Atlantic expansion of Chinook salmon across Patagonia","authors":"Carla Riva-Rossi, Javier Ciancio, Daniel Gomez-Uchida, Miguel Pascual, Rodrigo Clarke, Pamela Quiroga, Cecilia Di Prinzio, Carolina Lázari, John Carlos Garza","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1662755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1662755","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionBiological invasions are major drivers of biodiversity loss worldwide, and salmonid introductions are among the most transformative events in the Southern Hemisphere. The rapid, large-scale expansion of Chinook salmon (<jats:italic>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</jats:italic>) across South America, driven by high migratory capacity, straying rates, and genetic adaptability, constitutes an unprecedented salmonid invasion. In Patagonia, this spread is accelerating, yet the mechanisms enabling long-distance marine dispersal, successful freshwater colonization, and secondary expansion remain poorly understood. A recently established population in the De las Vueltas River (DLVR), an upper tributary of the Santa Cruz River in Argentine Patagonia, was examined as a key node in the invasion network connecting Pacific-origin populations with new Atlantic Ocean basins.MethodsTwo high-resolution SNP panels (96 and 172 loci) were used to investigate the genetic origins and colonization dynamics of the DLVR population. Tissue samples from 70 fish collected in 2014–2015 were genotyped and compared with North American source lineages to infer ancestral origins, and with Pacific and Atlantic naturalized populations to reconstruct recent invasion pathways. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), genetic mixture modeling, and Bayesian assignment implemented in the R package rubias were performed. Simulations were used to harmonize SNP data across panels and to improve assignment accuracy.ResultsThe genetic roots of the DLVR population were traced to stocks from the Lower Columbia River fall and spring runs and the Willamette River spring run. Strong genetic affinities were detected with naturalized populations from Chile’s Aysén Region, particularly the Cobarde and Vargas Rivers, while smaller contributions from Santa Cruz River populations were inferred. These findings indicate colonization through long-distance oceanic or trans-Andean dispersal, followed by secondary expansion within the Santa Cruz basin.DiscussionThe role of ocean connectivity, stepping-stone habitats, and leading-edge dispersal in enabling the rapid eastward spread of Chinook salmon is highlighted by these results. The Santa Cruz River basin is identified as a critical invasion hub, concentrating propagules from multiple lineages and promoting multi-step dispersal into new Atlantic Ocean basins. These insights emphasize the need to incorporate riverine connectivity and invasion hubs into management strategies to mitigate the ecological and evolutionary impacts of Chinook salmon in South America.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Finnish Ice Service, its sea-ice monitoring of the Baltic Sea and operational concept","authors":"Patrick B. Eriksson, Jouni Vainio, Niko Tollman, Anni Jokiniemi, Aleksi Arola, Marko Mäkynen, Juha Karvonen, Antti Kangas","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1561461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1561461","url":null,"abstract":"The Finnish Ice Service is part of the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI). Based on the mandate in the Finnish legislation, it provides information on the ice conditions in the Baltic Sea. This paper introduces the methods used by the Finnish Ice Service, data sources, products, services, datasets, and supporting Baltic Sea ice remote sensing and geophysics research conducted at FMI. The predecessor of the Finnish Ice Service started its operational ice charting in 1915 to provide ice information for the winter navigation. To this day, the main users still are the winter navigation authorities, including the icebreaker fleet and management, as well as the shipping community, scientists and general public. The focus area is the Baltic Sea. Typically, the service operates from mid-October to the end of May, providing up-to-date sea-ice information in several products and formats. The prevailing ice situation is described in ice charts, ice reports and ice codes, which are based on a range of different observation sources like satellite images, predominantly from synthetic aperture radars, and surface observations from both icebreakers and coastal observers. The Finnish Ice Service has long sea ice observation timeseries and archives of manually analysed ice charts. To help users and customers optimize their operations in ice infested waters, the Finnish Ice Service provides numerical and manual sea ice forecasts with various forecast lengths. The Finnish Ice Service processes and disseminates satellite data and also provides advisory and consultant services to users. As FMI is committed to the open data policy, the main ice service products are provided free of charge. A number of products are also available through the Copernicus Marine Service (CMS).","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergences and challenges in the negotiation of the global plastics treaty: China’s pathway in advancing global ocean plastic pollution governance","authors":"Sai He, Xinlong He","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1683341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1683341","url":null,"abstract":"The current international legal framework for addressing marine plastic pollution is fragmented and lacks binding legal force, making it insufficient to meet the demands of marine plastic pollution governance. Although the international community generally recognizes the necessity of establishing a Global Plastics Treaty, the second part of the fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-5.2) in 2025 still failed to finalize the treaty text. This study adopts a text analysis approach, focusing on the latest Chair’s Text produced during INC-5.2, which reveals that significant disagreements persist among countries on key issues, including the treaty’s scope of regulation, funding mechanisms, and legal enforceability. As a major global producer and consumer of plastics, China holds significant influence in shaping plastics governance. These disagreements pose challenges for China in terms of normative leadership, funding contributions, and the implementation of governance principles in addressing marine plastic pollution. China can prioritize strengthening regional cooperative governance, providing regional experiences that support the negotiation and implementation of binding provisions under the Global Plastics Treaty, thereby enhancing the institutional leadership. In terms of funding mechanisms, China can act as a bridge to coordinate interests among different groups of countries, promote the implementation of the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, and expand funding sources through mechanisms such as BRICS. Finally, China can reinforce the promotion of governance concepts, translating them into concrete systems and practices to enhance its soft power, strengthen its voice in marine plastic pollution governance, and offer Chinese approach to this global issue.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A strategy for risk control of marine pollution from land-based sources: establishment of Multilateral Guarantee Mechanism","authors":"Xiaolin Pan","doi":"10.3389/fmars.2025.1681518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1681518","url":null,"abstract":"Marine pollution from land-based sources (MPLBS) is currently one of the main sources of global marine pollution. The international community is facing a dilemma on regulating MPLBS: the lack of international rules makes it difficult to resort to international judicial institutes, while domestic laws have no extraterritorial jurisdiction. Along with developing and improving the international legal regulatory system, the Multilateral Guarantee Mechanism (MGM) can be established for MPLBS combat. With its unique advantages, the MGM is beneficial for controlling MPLBS risk, supervising pollutant sources, and providing effective compensation for damages. Section 1 of this article starts with a brief introduction to the definition and features of MPLBS. With its wide scope not limited to the coastal waters, MPLBS could lead to serious harmful consequences to the marine environment, and it is difficult to trace the real sources of the pollutants. Section 2 analyzes the legal challenges faced by MPLBS combat and points out the necessity of constructing the risk control mechanism for MPLBS. The absence of a specific worldwide international treaty becomes one of the deficiencies for international legal norms regarding MPLBS control, while comparatively integrated domestic legal frameworks on MPLBS control only take effect within territories and jurisdictional waters of states. The establishment of a risk prevention and control mechanism, which also aims to provide effective injury compensation, is more practical and appropriate. Section 3 discusses the necessity, feasibility, and advantages of the MGM for MPLBS risk control. The dilemma of MPLBS control constitutes the necessity of establishing MGM, and the commonalities between international investment risk control and MPLBS risk control show the feasibility of MGM establishment. The advantages of MGM also help to balance national interests and collective environmental protection. Section 4 explores how the MGM functions for MPLBS risk control by referring to a series of core contents, including fundamental convention, guarantee agency, types of risks, payment and subrogation, dispute settlement, and so forth. Section 5 illustrates the implementation of the MGM under two hypothetical scenarios: plastic pollution in the Philippines and Japanese radioactive wastewater pollution. Restrictions of the MGM and corresponding solutions are also discussed. Section 6 concludes the main arguments and makes an expectation on the MGM.","PeriodicalId":12479,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Marine Science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}