Gastroenterology Research最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Hospital Teaching Status on Outcomes of Acute Cholangitis: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of Hospitalizations in the United States.","authors":"Karan J Yagnik, Raj Patel, Sneh Sonaiya, Charmy Parikh, Pranav Patel, Yash Shah, Umar Hayat, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Dhruvil Radadiya, Hareesha Rishab Bharadwaj, Doantrang Du, Ben Terrany, Dharmesh Kaswala, Bradley Confer, Harshit S Khara","doi":"10.14740/gr2038","DOIUrl":"10.14740/gr2038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute cholangitis (AC) is a serious condition caused by partial or complete obstruction of the common bile duct (CBD), leading to biliary tract infection. We aimed to evaluate whether teaching hospitals with trainees and non-teaching hospitals impact the outcome of AC in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized the National Inpatient Sample database to analyze adult hospitalizations (> 18 years old) with a primary diagnosis of AC in the USA from 2016 to 2020. A multivariate logistic regression along with Chi-square and <i>t</i>-tests was performed using SAS 9.4 software to analyze inpatient AC-associated mortality, inflation-adjusted total hospitalization costs (THC), and length of stay (LOS) in US teaching and non-teaching hospitals during the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included a total of 30,300 patients, out of whom 23,535 (about 78%) were managed in teaching hospitals and 6,765 (about 22%) were managed in non-teaching hospitals. Primary outcomes showed a significant increase in mortality for patients managed in teaching hospitals (2.77% vs. 2.08%, P = 0.01) in comparison to non-teaching hospitals, hospital LOS was slightly higher in teaching hospitals (5 days (interquartile range (IQR): 3 - 6) vs. 4 days (IQR: 3 - 8)) and so did hospital cost ($15,259 vs. $14,506) in comparison to non-teaching hospitals. Secondary outcomes showed that patients in teaching hospitals had higher incidence of septic shock (16.06% vs. 12.53%, P < 0.0001), intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (6.61% vs. 5.07%, P = 0.0002), and intubation (5.30% vs. 3.46%, P < 0.0001) in comparison to non-teaching hospitals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found higher mortality rates for AC patients in teaching hospitals compared to non-teaching hospitals. Teaching hospitals also had higher rates of septic shock, ICU admission, and intubation, with no difference in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) use. These differences could be due to several factors, such as greater resident and fellow autonomy in teaching hospitals and a potentially more proactive approach by physicians in non-teaching hospitals. Additionally, teaching hospitals often manage more complex, higher-acuity cases, which could contribute to worse outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12461,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"129-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151124/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Prophylactic Transcatheter Arterial Embolization and Standard Therapy in High-Risk Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Shahryar Khan, Mashal Alam Khan, Ahmed Khan Jadoon, Ahmad Khan, Danish Ali Khan, Mehwish Gohar, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Waqar Elahi, Muhammad Shahzil, Tuba Esfandyari","doi":"10.14740/gr2041","DOIUrl":"10.14740/gr2041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rebleeding is a major challenge and a serious complication of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB). Prophylactic transcatheter arterial embolization (P-TAE) has emerged as a potential management strategy for high-risk cases. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of P-TAE compared with no embolization (NE) in the absence of angiographic evidence of bleeding or therapeutic arterial embolization (TAE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study systematically searched Medline and Embase databases from inception until November 15, 2024. The primary outcome was the overall rebleeding rate, while secondary outcomes included mortality, need for additional interventions, transfusion requirements, hospital/intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and procedure-related adverse events.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The meta-analysis included 10 studies with a total population of 1,253 patients. Compared to NE, the pooled data indicated that P-TAE was not associated with significantly reduced rates of rebleeding (odds ratio (OR): 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.39 - 1.22, P = 0.20) or all-cause mortality (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.40 - 1.23). Although P-TAE trended towards lower rates of repeat interventions, blood transfusions, and shorter hospital stays, these differences were not statistically significant. Conversely, P-TAE and TAE had similar rates of rebleeding (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.70 - 1.68, P = 0.05) and all-cause mortality (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.34 - 1.51, P = 0.39). The analysis found no significant differences in adverse events or the need for repeat procedures between the two embolization approaches.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review suggests that P-TAE may not significantly reduce rebleeding or mortality compared with standard therapy for high-risk NVUGIB. However, the current findings remain inconclusive, and further comprehensive research with larger sample sizes is required to conclusively substantiate these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12461,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"139-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statins and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Joelle Sleiman, Malek Kreidieh, Un Jung Lee, Peter Khouri, Brendan Plann-Curley, Cristina Sison, Liliane Deeb","doi":"10.14740/gr2028","DOIUrl":"10.14740/gr2028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Statins are reported to reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in the general population, but their effect on individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between statin use and CRC risk in patients with IBD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE to evaluate the association between statin use and the development of CRC in patients with IBD. After deduplication, there were 324 studies screened, and those reporting odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) for CRC risk in IBD patients using statins were included. The primary endpoints included the development of CRC (OR) and time to CRC (HR). A meta-analysis utilizing fixed or random-effects models, heterogeneity tests, and a funnel plot was performed in R (version 4.3.0) with alpha of 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This meta-analysis included seven studies involving 59,596 patients: three for OR (11,116 patients) and four for HR (48,480 patients). The pooled OR was 0.22 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01 - 7.81), suggesting 78% lower odds of CRC in statin users, though not statistically significant (P = 0.21), with potential publication bias. The pooled HR was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.63 - 0.94), indicating a significant 23% reduction in CRC hazard for statin users (P < 0.05), with low publication bias.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our meta-analysis showed that statin use is associated with a reduced risk of CRC in IBD, significant in HR-based but not in OR-based analysis. Large randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the duration of statin use and their chemopreventive effects, independent of factors such as targeted therapy for chronic mucosal inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12461,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"108-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Primary Intestinal Lymphangiectasia: A Report of Four Cases.","authors":"Dong Xue Zhang, Kun Hao, Li Zhang, Wen Bin Shen, Tao Jiang","doi":"10.14740/gr2022","DOIUrl":"10.14740/gr2022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL) is a rare disease characterized by the loss of lymphatic fluid in the intestinal lumen and is a known cause of protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). Although uncommon, few cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) have been reported in patients with PIL. This study summarizes the characteristics of four cases diagnosed with PIL. Notably, all cases were confirmed to have hyperparathyroidism secondary to vitamin D deficiency and hypocalcemia. Recurrent diarrhea and limb convulsions were also observed in all patients, with one patient diagnosed with osteoporosis. Simultaneously, hypomagnesemia was detected in three cases. Treatment with vitamin D and calcium supplements relieved symptoms, elevated serum calcium levels, and decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. In patients with PIL, evaluation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and PTH levels is crucial. Bone diseases should be considered in patients with SHPT, and appropriate vitamin D3 and calcium supplementation is highly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":12461,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"152-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Seroprevalence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> and CagA/VacA Virulence Factors in Northern Central America.","authors":"Juan E Corral, Dalton A Norwood, Christian S Alvarez, Do Han Kim, Eleazar E Montalvan-Sanchez, Alvaro Rivera-Andrade, Manuel Ramirez-Zea, Katherine A McGlynn, Tim Waterboer, Ricardo L Dominguez, Douglas R Morgan","doi":"10.14740/gr2036","DOIUrl":"10.14740/gr2036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Northern Central America is unique in the Western Hemisphere, with a high incidence of gastric cancer, low/middle-income country (LMIC) status, and a substantial emigration to the United States. The two primary <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) virulence factors related to carcinogenesis are cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA). The prevalence of these factors may help delineate gastric cancer risk in the region. We aimed to characterize the <i>H. pylori</i> seroprevalence and virulence factors in two Central American Countries (Honduras and Guatemala).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy volunteers from Western Honduras and Central-Western Guatemala were recruited and tested for antibodies against 13 <i>H. pylori</i> antigens using a novel multiplex serology assay. <i>H. pylori</i> seropositivity was defined as positivity for ≥ 4 antigens, and active infection was defined as positivity for a combination of 2/4 antigens: VacA, GroEl, HcpC, and HP1564, based upon the literature. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios for the association between <i>H. pylori</i> and CagA positivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,143 healthy adults were tested using the <i>H. pylori</i> multiplex serology assay (444 in Guatemala and 699 in Honduras). Mean age was 54.2 ± 14.5 years, 46.2% were male, 60% were from rural settings, and 56% lived > 1,000 meters above sea level. <i>H. pylori</i> prevalence was 87%, and 83% with active infection. The CagA and VacA seropositivity rates were 82% and 75%, respectively. No significant differences were noted according to country, age group, sex, or rural/urban location. None of the socioeconomic variables were significantly associated with the presence of <i>H. pylori</i> or CagA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high prevalence of <i>H. pylori</i>, CagA, and VacA is observed in Honduras and Guatemala, with implications for Northern Central America and immigrants from the region. Innovative and resource-appropriate primary and secondary prevention programs are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12461,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"119-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eflornithine for the Chemoprevention of Luminal Gastrointestinal Neoplasms: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ambar Godoy, Daniela Montalvan-Sanchez, Fortunato S Principe-Meneses, Adrian Riva-Moscoso, Leandro Sierra, Gloria Erazo, Carlos Avila, Mirian Ramirez-Rojas, Roberto Giron, Daniel A Guifarro","doi":"10.14740/gr1801","DOIUrl":"10.14740/gr1801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal (GI) tract malignancies represent a significant global health burden, being major contributors to cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally, with over 7.7 million cases reported. While aspirin is a well-studied chemopreventive agent for GI neoplasms, its use may be limited due to the underlying bleeding risk. Eflornithine (DFMO) is an inhibitor of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) which inhibits polyamine synthesis, and has shown promise as an alternative chemopreventive agent, particularly in animal studies and limited clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of studies evaluating DFMO alone or in combination for chemoprevention in premalignant GI lesions including chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia. The protocol was registered in Prospero (CRD42022309307). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies in English or Spanish were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies (six RCTs and three phase I-II trials) met inclusion criteria. Phase I-II trials involving Barrett's esophagus and gastric cancer did not report significant benefits. Phase III-IV trials combining DFMO with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were associated with reductions in adenoma recurrence, size, and polyamine levels in high-risk GI cancer populations. Side effects included ototoxicity, reversible upon discontinuation, and mild GI events, both occurring at higher doses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While aspirin remains a frontline chemopreventive agent for GI neoplasms, this review shows that phase III-IV trials suggest promising outcomes in combination with NSAIDs, warranting further investigation. Notably, DFMO's low cost and favorable toxicity profile may position it as a viable alternative, emphasizing the need for additional RCTs to delineate its efficacy and safety in GI cancer prevention. Further investigation into DFMO's optimal dosage, duration, and side effect management is essential to establish it as a safe and effective chemopreventive agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":12461,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Co-Existent Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Hospital-Based Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Pancreatitis: An Analysis of the 2020 National Inpatient Sample Database.","authors":"Dheeraj Alexander, Olga J Santiago-Rivera, Laith H Jamil","doi":"10.14740/gr2024","DOIUrl":"10.14740/gr2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with increased risk of developing pancreatitis. We analyzed data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) with the aim of evaluating the outcomes of acute pancreatitis (AP) in patients with co-existent Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study using the 2020 NIS database. Patients were included if they were more than 18 years old with a principal diagnosis of AP. Main outcome measurements of our study were in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, hospital total charges, incidences of hypovolemic shock, severe sepsis with and without shock, acute kidney failure (AKI), and the need for intensive care unit (ICU) care. Statistical analyses were performed on STATA version 18.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 258,965 (0.8%) admissions with the primary diagnosis of AP among the 32 million discharges in 2020 NIS database. Among patients with AP, a total of 1,930 (0.75%) and 1,170 (0.45%) hospitalizations had co-existing CD and UC, respectively. The overall in-hospital mortality for AP was 1,560 (0.62%). Patients with UC hospitalized for AP had increased odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.310 - 9.978, P = 0.013) while for patients with CD, there were no in-hospital mortality. Patients with CD had increased odds of developing comorbid AKI (aOR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.005 - 1.880, P = 0.047) when they present with AP but not those with UC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients hospitalized with AP had increased odds of in-hospital mortality and comorbid AKI when they have co-existent UC and CD, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":12461,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"101-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reverse Red-Green-Blue Rule: A Color-Coded Approach for Simplified Achalasia Diagnosis via High-Resolution Manometry.","authors":"Mohammed Abdulrasak, Sohail Hootak, Mostafa Mohrag, Ali M Someili","doi":"10.14740/gr2040","DOIUrl":"10.14740/gr2040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Achalasia is a rare motility disorder of the esophagus. The diagnosis involves clinical suspicion based on history details and results of high-resolution manometry (HRM) as recommended by the Chicago classification (CCv4.0). Interpreting data obtained through HRM can be complex especially for the novice user.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We propose therefore a color-based algorithm involving the \"reversed red-green-blue (RGB)\" rule as a simplified way to establish the diagnosis based on colors obtained through the HRM pressure sensors. The rule is based on the simple acknowledgment of the dominant color present in the mid-portion of the HRM figure such that, for type I (classic) achalasia, the blue color illustrates the minimal pressurization and absent peristalsis. In type II (pan-pressurized) achalasia, the green color illustrates pan-esophageal pressurization, while in type III (spastic) achalasia, red color illustrates the spastic contractions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This rule, which we present as a conceptual framework and has not yet been prospectively validated, provides an intuitive tool for clinicians dealing with HRMs diagnosing achalasia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further studies are required to assess the diagnostic accuracy of this rule, alongside the potential for incorporating such rules into artificial intelligence (AI)-based models for manometric diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12461,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Research","volume":"18 3","pages":"149-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12151099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between the <i>HFE</i> Genotypes and Iron Status Markers in an Apparently Healthy Population.","authors":"Nils Thorm Milman","doi":"10.14740/gr2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/gr2021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ethnic Danish population has high frequencies of the hemochromatosis gene (<i>HFE</i> gene) variants H63D and C282Y and clinical hemochromatosis is quite common. The objective of the study was to examine the impact of the combination of the <i>HFE</i> variants wildtype (wt), H63D, and C282Y on body iron status markers in a population of 2,613 apparently healthy ethnic Danish men and women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An epidemiological population study was performed in Copenhagen County comprising a randomly selected population consisting of 1,342 men and 1,271 women. Blood samples were drawn in the morning in the fasting state for analysis of <i>HFE</i> genotypes and hematological iron status markers (hemoglobin, serum iron, serum transferrin, transferrin saturation, and serum ferritin).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>HFE</i> gene variants, H63D and C282Y, in any combination as well as in any combination with the <i>HFE</i> wt genotype, had a significant influence on iron status markers, compared with the wt/wt genotype. When arranged according to their relative frequency in the population, individuals with the six different <i>HFE</i> genotypes, i.e. wt/wt, H63D/wt, C282Y/wt, H63D/H63D, C282Y/H63D, and C282Y/C282Y, displayed gradually increasing levels of serum iron, decreasing levels of serum transferrin, and increasing levels of transferrin saturation in both genders. In men, ferritin increased gradually according to the <i>HFE</i> genotype. In women, ferritin levels were by and large independent of the <i>HFE</i> genotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Using the iron status markers in <i>HFE</i> wt/wt individuals as a baseline, any other combination of the <i>HFE</i> genotypes had a significant impact on iron status. The C282Y/C282Y genotype was associated with the highest impact on iron status markers including serum ferritin and thus body iron overload. Due to physiological iron losses with menstruations and pregnancies, women are partly protected against significant body iron overload, regardless of the <i>HFE</i> genotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":12461,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12045790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Language Models in Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Surgery: A New Frontier in Patient Communication and Education.","authors":"Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Hassam Ali, Vishali Moond, M Danial Ali Shah, Christina Santana, Noor Ali, Abu Baker Sheikh, Muhammad Ahmad Nadeem, Aqsa Munir, Mohammed A Quazi, Hareesha Rishab Bharadwaj, Amir Humza Sohail","doi":"10.14740/gr2011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14740/gr2011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When integrated into healthcare, large language models (LLMs) have transformative and revolutionary effects, including significant potential for improving patient care and streamlining clinical processes. However, one specialty that particularly requires data on LLM use is gastroenterology and gastrointestinal surgery, a gap we sought to address in our research. Advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems like LLMs have demonstrated the ability to mimic human communication, assist in diagnosis, provide patient education, and support medical research simultaneously. Despite these advantages, challenges such as biases, data privacy concerns, and lack of transparency in decision-making remain critical. The role of regulations in mitigating these risks is widely debated, with proponents advocating for structured oversight to enhance trust and patient safety, while others caution against potential barriers to innovation. Rather than replacing human expertise, AI should be integrated thoughtfully to complement clinical decision-making. Ensuring a balanced approach requires collaboration between medical professionals, AI developers, and policymakers to optimize its responsible implementation in healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":12461,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology Research","volume":"18 2","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12045793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}