Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Dysregulated mTOR networks in experimental sporadic Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Suzanne M de la Monte, Ming Tong","doi":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1432359","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1432359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Beyond the signature amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been shown to exhibit dysregulated metabolic signaling through insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) networks that crosstalk with the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Its broad impact on brain structure and function suggests that mTOR is likely an important therapeutic target for AD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study characterizes temporal lobe (TL) mTOR signaling abnormalities in a rat model of sporadic AD neurodegeneration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Long Evans rats were given intracerebroventricular injections of streptozotocin (ic-STZ) or saline (control), and 4 weeks later, they were administered neurobehavioral tests followed by terminal harvesting of the TLs for histopathological study and measurement of AD biomarkers, neuroinflammatory/oxidative stress markers, and total and phosphorylated insulin/IGF-1-Akt-mTOR pathway signaling molecules.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Rats treated with ic-STZ exhibited significantly impaired performance on Rotarod (RR) and Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests, brain atrophy, TL and hippocampal neuronal and white matter degeneration, and elevated TL pTau, AβPP, Aβ, AChE, 4-HNE, and GAPDH and reduced ubiquitin, IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ immunoreactivities. In addition, ic-STZ reduced TL ^pY1135/1136-IGF-1R, Akt, PTEN, ^pS380-PTEN, ^pS2448-mTOR, p70S6K, ^pT412-p70S6K, p/T-^pT412-p70S6K, p/T-Rictor, and p/T-Raptor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Experimental ic-STZ-induced sporadic AD-type neurodegeneration with neurobehavioral dysfunctions associated with inhibition of mTOR signaling networks linked to energy metabolism, plasticity, and white matter integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1432359"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GABAergic dysfunction in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: implications for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and affective disorders.","authors":"Hannah Hughes, Lillian J Brady, Kirsten E Schoonover","doi":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1440834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2024.1440834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microcircuitry within superficial layers of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), composed of excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory GABAergic interneurons, has been suggested as the neural substrate of working memory performance. In schizophrenia, working memory impairments are thought to result from alterations of microcircuitry within the DLPFC. GABAergic interneurons, in particular, are crucially involved in synchronizing neural activity at gamma frequency, the power of which increases with working memory load. Alterations of GABAergic interneurons, particularly parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) subtypes, are frequently observed in schizophrenia. Abnormalities of GABAergic neurotransmission, such as deficiencies in the 67 kDA isoform of GABA synthesis enzyme (GAD67), vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT), and GABA reuptake transporter 1 (GAT1) in presynaptic boutons, as well as postsynaptic alterations in GABA _<i>A</i> receptor subunits further contribute to impaired inhibition. This review explores GABAergic abnormalities of the postmortem DLPFC in schizophrenia, with a focus on the roles of interneuron subtypes involved in cognition, and GABAergic neurotransmission within presynaptic boutons and postsynaptic alterations. Where available, comparisons between schizophrenia and affective disorders that share cognitive pathology such as bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder will be made. Challenges in directly measuring GABA levels are addressed, emphasizing the need for innovative techniques. Understanding GABAergic abnormalities and their implications for neural circuit dysfunction in schizophrenia is crucial for developing targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1440834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Ting Li, Ana María Espinosa-Oliva","doi":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1473576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2024.1473576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1473576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of arginine vasopressin receptor 1a reduces inhibitory synaptic currents at reciprocal synapses in the mouse accessory olfactory bulb.","authors":"Mutsuo Taniguchi, Yoshihiro Murata, Masahiro Yamaguchi, Hideto Kaba","doi":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1466817","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1466817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central arginine vasopressin (AVP) facilitates social recognition and modulates many complex social behaviors in mammals that, in many cases, recognize each other based on olfactory and/or pheromonal signals. AVP neurons are present in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), which is the first relay in the vomeronasal system and has been demonstrated to be a critical site for mating-induced mate recognition (olfactory memory) in female mice. The transmission of information from the AOB to higher centers is controlled by the dendrodendritic recurrent inhibition, i.e., inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) generated in mitral cells by recurrent dendrodendritic inhibitory inputs from granule cells. These reports suggest that AVP might play an important role in regulating dendrodendritic inhibition in the AOB. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of extracellularly applied AVP on synaptic responses measured from mitral and granule cells in slice preparations from 23--36-day-old Balb/c mice. To evoke dendrodendritic inhibition in a mitral cell, depolarizing voltages of -70 to 0 mV (10 ms duration) were applied to a mitral cell using a conventional whole-cell configuration. We found that AVP significantly reduced the IPSCs. The suppressive effects of AVP on the IPSCs was diminished by an antagonist for vasopressin receptor 1a (V1aR) (Manning compound), but not by an antagonist for vasopressin receptor 1b (SSR149415). An agonist for V1aRs [(Phe²)OVT] mimicked the action of AVP on IPSCs. Additionally, AVP significantly suppressed voltage-activated currents in granule cells without affecting the magnitude of the response of mitral cells to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The present results suggest that V1aRs play a role in reciprocal transmission between mitral cells and granule cells in the mouse AOB by reducing GABAergic transmission through a presynaptic mechanism in granule cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":12432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1466817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transgenic zebrafish as a model for investigating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: investigation of the role of insulin signaling.","authors":"Dong-Won Lee, Hae-Chul Park, Dong Hwee Kim","doi":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1441827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2024.1441827","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is a neurodegenerative disorder that results from hyperglycemic damage and deficient insulin receptor (IR) signaling in peripheral nerves, triggered by failure of insulin production and insulin resistance. IR signaling plays an important role in nutrient metabolism and synaptic formation and maintenance in peripheral neurons. Although several animal models of DPN have been developed to identify new drug candidates using cytotoxic reagents, nutrient-rich diets, and genetic manipulations, a model showing beneficial effects remains to be established. In this study, we aimed to develop a DPN animal model using zebrafish to validate the effects of drug candidates on sensory neuropathy through in vivo imaging during the early larval stage. To achieve this, we generated <i>Tg (ins:gal4p16);Tg (5uas:epNTR-p2a-mcherry)</i> zebrafish using an enhanced potency nitroreductase (epNTR)-mediated chemogenetic ablation system, which showed highly efficient ablation of pancreatic β-cells following treatment with low-dose metronidazole (MTZ). Using in vivo live imaging, we observed that sensory nerve endings and postsynaptic formation in the peripheral lateral line (PLL) were defective, followed by a disturbance in rheotaxis behavior without any locomotory behavioral changes. Despite defects in sensory nerves and elevated glucose levels, both reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, a primary cause of DPN, and the number of ganglion cells, remained normal. Furthermore, we found that the activity of mTOR, a downstream target of IR signaling, was decreased in the PLL ganglion cells of the transgenic zebrafish. Our data indicates that peripheral neuropathy results from the loss of IR signaling due to insulin deficiency rather than hyperglycemia alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":12432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1441827"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: 15 years of Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience: the role of glial cells in schizophrenia and other related disorders.","authors":"Hai-Ying Shen","doi":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1471266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2024.1471266","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1471266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11458451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The function of <i>Mef2c</i> toward the development of excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons.","authors":"Claire Ward, Lucas Sjulson, Renata Batista-Brito","doi":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1465821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2024.1465821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are caused by abnormal brain development, leading to altered brain function and affecting cognition, learning, self-control, memory, and emotion. NDDs are often demarcated as discrete entities for diagnosis, but empirical evidence indicates that NDDs share a great deal of overlap, including genetics, core symptoms, and biomarkers. Many NDDs also share a primary sensitive period for disease, specifically the last trimester of pregnancy in humans, which corresponds to the neonatal period in mice. This period is notable for cortical circuit assembly, suggesting that deficits in the establishment of brain connectivity are likely a leading cause of brain dysfunction across different NDDs. Regulators of gene programs that underlie neurodevelopment represent a point of convergence for NDDs. Here, we review how the transcription factor MEF2C, a risk factor for various NDDs, impacts cortical development. Cortical activity requires a precise balance of various types of excitatory and inhibitory neuron types. We use MEF2C loss-of-function as a study case to illustrate how brain dysfunction and altered behavior may derive from the dysfunction of specific cortical circuits at specific developmental times.</p>","PeriodicalId":12432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1465821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142396926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: Neuroprotection by upregulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) in SOD1^G93A mice.","authors":"Ana Laura M R Tomiyama, Luciana Politti Cartarozzi, Lilian de Oliveira Coser, Gabriela Bortolança Chiarotto, Alexandre L R Oliveira","doi":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1493884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2024.1493884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1211486.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1493884"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11456515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impacts of hypertonic conditions on <i>Drosophila</i> larval cool cells.","authors":"Hua Bai, Trisha Naidu, James B Anderson, Hector Montemayor, Camie Do, Lina Ni","doi":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1347460","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1347460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> exhibits multiple highly sophisticated temperature-sensing systems, enabling its effective response and navigation to temperature changes. Previous research has identified three dorsal organ cool cells (DOCCs) in fly larvae, consisting of two A-type and one B-type cell with distinct calcium dynamics. When subjected to hypertonic conditions, calcium imaging shows that A-type DOCCs maintain their responses to cool temperatures. In contrast, a subset of B-type DOCCs does not exhibit detectable GCaMP baseline signals, and the remaining detectable B-type DOCCs exhibit reduced temperature responses. The activation of both A-type and B-type DOCCs depends on the same members of the ionotropic receptor (IR) family: IR21a, IR93a, and IR25a. A-type DOCCs exhibit a higher somal level of IR93a than B-type DOCCs. Overexpression of <i>Ir93a</i> restores B-type calcium responses to cool temperatures, but not the proportion of B-type cells with a detectable GCaMP baseline, in a hypertonic environment, suggesting a selective role of IR93a in maintaining the temperature responses under hypertonic conditions. Our findings identify a novel function of B-type DOCCs in integrating temperature and tonic stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":12432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1347460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11459462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142389277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation regulates astrocyte activity and ameliorates scopolamine-induced cognitive behavioral decline.","authors":"Ji On Park, Namgue Hong, Min Young Lee, Jin-Chul Ahn","doi":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1448005","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fncel.2024.1448005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The pathophysiological mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been clearly identified, and effective treatment methods have not yet been established. Scopolamine causes cholinergic dysfunction in the brain, including the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques, thereby increasing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, mimicking AD. Glial cells such as astrocytes have recently been identified as possible biomarkers for AD. Photobiomodulation (PBM) elicits a beneficial biological response in cells and tissues. PBM effects on the central nervous system (CNS) have been widely researched, including effects on astrocyte activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, PBM was performed using light at the near-infrared wavelength of 825 nm. The Morris water maze and Y-maze tests were employed to evaluate cognitive function decline in a scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction model and its improvement with PBM. In addition, alteration of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and immunofluorescence expression levels of active astrocytes were observed in the hippocampus, which is one of the areas affected by AD, to evaluate the mechanism of action of PBM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A reduction in the neuronal cell death in the hippocampus caused by scopolamine was observed with PBM. Moreover, alteration of a MAPK pathway-related marker and changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (an active astrocyte marker) expression were observed in the PBM-treated group. Finally, significant correlations between functional and histological results were found, validating the results.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicate the possibility of behavioral and histological improvement due to PBM in scopolamine-induced CNS alteration, which mimics AD. This improvement could be related to neuroinflammatory modulation and altered astrocyte activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12432,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience","volume":"18 ","pages":"1448005"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11449862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}