{"title":"Relationship Between the Flexion Torque of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Intrinsic Foot Muscles Depends on the Ankle Joint Position.","authors":"Ryo Otani, Hideo Nishikawa, Junya Saeki, Masatoshi Nakamura","doi":"10.1177/24730114241266847","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114241266847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinicians and researchers are beginning to pay attention to the importance of the intrinsic foot muscles (IFMs). Among IFMs, the abductor hallucis (AbH) is associated with foot disorders. However, so far no method for assessing the strength of the AbH has been established. In addition, previous studies have shown increased IFM activity in the plantarflexed position of the ankle. Therefore, this study tests the hypothesis that a correlation will be found between the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the AbH and the flexion torque and that the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint would be stronger in the plantarflexed (PF) position of the ankle joint than in the neutral (N) position.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight male and 8 female patients (16 lower limbs) were included in this study to measure the CSA of IFM and the extrinsic foot muscles of the lower leg. Furthermore, the flexion torque of the first MTP joint was measured using a handheld dynamometer at the N and PF positions of the ankle joint. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the CSA of each muscle and the flexion torque of the first MTP joint in the N and PF positions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the N position, a correlation was found between the flexion torque of the first MTP joint and the CSA of the AbH (<i>r</i> = 0.818), flexor hallucis brevis (<i>r</i> = 0.730), and flexor hallucis longus (<i>r</i> = 0.726). In the PF position, a correlation was found between the flexion torque of the first MTP joint and the CSA of the AbH (<i>r</i> = 0.863) and flexor hallucis brevis (<i>r</i> = 0.680). (<i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, this study suggested that by measuring flexion torque of the first MTP joint in the PF position, AbH strength can be estimated without using any expensive equipment.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level V, mechanism-baced reasoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"9 3","pages":"24730114241266847"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11322934/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foot & Ankle OrthopaedicsPub Date : 2024-08-09eCollection Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1177/24730114241266247
Andreas Toepfer, Primoz Potocnik, Norbert Harrasser, Thomas Schubert, Zeeshan Khan, Jan Marino Farei-Campagna
{"title":"Principles of Defect Reconstruction After Wide Resection of Primary Malignant Bone Tumors of the Calcaneus: A Contemporary Review.","authors":"Andreas Toepfer, Primoz Potocnik, Norbert Harrasser, Thomas Schubert, Zeeshan Khan, Jan Marino Farei-Campagna","doi":"10.1177/24730114241266247","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114241266247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual AbstractThis is a visual representation of the abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"9 3","pages":"24730114241266247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11316265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foot & Ankle OrthopaedicsPub Date : 2024-08-02eCollection Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1177/24730114241265113
Juan Pablo Randolino, Laura Gaitán, Gastón Slullitel, Emanuel Gonzalez, Valeria Lopez
{"title":"A Novel Uni- and Biplanar External Fixator for Initial and Definitive Complex Foot Trauma.","authors":"Juan Pablo Randolino, Laura Gaitán, Gastón Slullitel, Emanuel Gonzalez, Valeria Lopez","doi":"10.1177/24730114241265113","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114241265113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence concerning the complex foot trauma, especially its definitive management, is scarce. Soft tissue envelope sequalae are the primary parameters that delay or make internal fixation implausible. Stability conferred by external fixators makes them a reasonable initial treatment choice. Although AO or circular fixators can be applied around the foot, this can involve a learning curve and substantial costs, especially for the circular fixator. There is little evidence as to how well external fixators work as a definite method of fixation in patients where progression to internal fixation cannot be made.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively evaluated 10 adult patients with severe and complex foot trauma who were consecutively treated at our clinic. Initial reduction and stabilization were performed with an external fixator that was initially conceived for distal radius fractures, applied during the initial procedure and mantained throughout the treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fracture healing was obtained in all 10 cases, and both internal and external column length was restored. One of the patients developed chronic osteomyelitis. At the 1-year follow-up visit, these patients averaged 45.6 points in the physical and 44.8 points on the mental status sections of the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). The Foot Function Index findings for pain, disability, and daily activities limitations were 33.3, 39, and 41.5, respectively, which suggest moderate residual impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this relatively small case series of complex foot trauma, we found that the use of simple external fixation as definitive treatment worked reasonably well.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III, prospective cohort study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"9 3","pages":"24730114241265113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11297515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foot & Ankle OrthopaedicsPub Date : 2024-07-30eCollection Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1177/24730114241266190
Peter G Brodeur, Motasem Salameh, Alexandre Boulos, Brad D Blankenhorn, Raymond Y Hsu
{"title":"Surgical Management of Achilles Tendon Ruptures in the United States 2006-2020, an ABOS Part II Oral Examination Case List Database Study.","authors":"Peter G Brodeur, Motasem Salameh, Alexandre Boulos, Brad D Blankenhorn, Raymond Y Hsu","doi":"10.1177/24730114241266190","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114241266190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In correlation with a growing body of evidence regarding nonoperative management for Achilles tendon rupture (ATR), studies from Europe and Canada have displayed a decreasing incidence in surgical management, which has not been noted in the United States. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the US trend in ATR repair volume.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II Oral Examination Case List Database was used. All cases using <i>Current Procedural Terminology</i> codes for primary ATR repair were requested from the years 2006-2020. Total submitted Achilles repair volume, the number of candidates submitting an Achilles repair case, and the overall submitted case volume per examination year was analyzed. Poisson and linear regressions were used to determine statistically significant trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of Achilles repair cases submitted for the ABOS Part II Oral Examination significantly increased from 2006 to 2011 and then decreased until 2020. Taking Achilles repair cases as a proportion of total orthopaedic cases submitted, the same trend was seen. The number of candidates submitting an Achilles repair case increased from 2006 to 2009 and then decreased until 2020. Foot and Ankle fellowship-trained candidates submitted an increasing number of ATR repair cases per candidate during the time period studied.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first study to demonstrate a decline in the volume of ATR repair in the United States. The decline in ATR repair volume seen in the ABOS Part II Case Lists does not match previously published US surgeon practice patterns but is not necessarily generalizable to beyond this period. Although the overall ATR repair volume in the ABOS Part II Case Lists is decreasing, we found Foot and Ankle fellowship-trained surgeons are operating on an increasing number of ATRs during their board collection period.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III, retrospective cohort study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"9 3","pages":"24730114241266190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11292698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foot & Ankle OrthopaedicsPub Date : 2024-07-30eCollection Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1177/24730114241266843
Allison L Boden, Grace M DiGiovanni, Seif El Masry, Scott J Ellis, A Holly Johnson, Matthew S Conti
{"title":"Comparison of Minimally Invasive Chevron Akin and Open Lapidus Surgery in Older Patients at a Minimum 1-Year Follow-Up.","authors":"Allison L Boden, Grace M DiGiovanni, Seif El Masry, Scott J Ellis, A Holly Johnson, Matthew S Conti","doi":"10.1177/24730114241266843","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114241266843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hallux valgus deformity affects more than 35% of people aged ≥65 years. Surgical correction in this population can be more complicated because of poor bone quality, worse deformity, and postoperative recovery challenges. The purpose of this study was to compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes of patients aged ≥65 years who underwent either open Lapidus or minimally invasive chevron Akin osteotomy for bunion correction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review identified 62 patients aged ≥65 years who were treated surgically for hallux valgus with at least 1-year postoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores (physical function and pain interference). Preoperative and at least 6-month postoperative radiographs were measured for the hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle. PROMIS scores were obtained preoperatively and at 1 and/or 2 years postoperatively. Differences in demographic, clinical, and radiographic outcomes were assessed using the Mann Whitney <i>U</i> test and <i>P</i> values were adjusted for a false discovery rate of 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no difference between the MIS and open cohorts in pre- or postoperative radiographic measurements or clinical outcomes at any time point. At 1 year postoperatively, both groups had statistically significant improvements in the PROMIS pain interference domain but only the MIS group had a statistically significant improvement in the PROMIS physical function domain. Clinical significance was equivocal. At 2 years postoperatively, there were clinically and statistically significant improvements in the PROMIS pain interference and physical function domains for the open and MIS groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients in both surgical groups had improvement in radiographic measurements and 2-year PROMIS scores, although there was no clinical or statistical difference found between groups. MIS and open surgical techniques appear to be safe and effective in correcting hallux valgus in older patients; however, patients may need to be counseled that maximum improvement after surgery may take more than 1 year.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III, retrospective cohort study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"9 3","pages":"24730114241266843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11292705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foot & Ankle OrthopaedicsPub Date : 2024-07-30eCollection Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1177/24730114241265342
Bradley Carlson, DuWayne Carlson, Tadiwanashe Chirongoma, D Kevin Scheid
{"title":"Extensor Retinaculum Syndrome of the Ankle: An Adult Case Series.","authors":"Bradley Carlson, DuWayne Carlson, Tadiwanashe Chirongoma, D Kevin Scheid","doi":"10.1177/24730114241265342","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114241265342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extensor retinaculum syndrome (ERS) is a relatively rarely diagnosed compartment syndrome-like entity caused by elevated pressures in the tissues deep to the superior extensor retinaculum (SER). ERS is identified as out-of-proportion anterior ankle pain, pain with passive toe plantarflexion, elevated SER pressures (>40 mm Hg), and ultimately toe extension weakness and first web space numbness. Although previously described in a pediatric population, this case series is the first to our knowledge in an adult population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven nonconsecutive cases over 18 years from 2 surgeons are reported who underwent complete SER release for ERS either through the direct lateral approach to the fibula or the anterolateral approach to the distal tibia. All were associated with traumatic injuries including 3 bimalleolar ankle fractures, 3 tibial pilon fractures, and 1 distal tibial/fibular shaft fracture. All patients developed writhing anterior ankle pain worsened with passive toe plantarflexion. SER compartment pressures ranged from 50 to >135 mm Hg. Five cases displayed decreased first web space sensation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The diminished or absent first web space sensation uniformly improved post-release. Complications included 1 patient with complex regional pain syndrome type 1, 1 patient required hardware removal, and 2 had persistent but improved first web space sensation changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical suspicion for possible ERS should arise after distal tibial/fibular fractures when the excruciating pain localizes to the ankle instead of the classic anterior leg muscle bellies. If pain is worsened with passive toe plantarflexion, this diagnosis should be considered. Recommended treatment involves complete release of the SER anywhere on the anterior surface between the tibia and fibula depending on the approach needed for fixation of the associated fracture.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level IV, case series.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"9 3","pages":"24730114241265342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11292701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foot & Ankle OrthopaedicsPub Date : 2024-07-29eCollection Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1177/24730114241264201
Maurizio De Pellegrin, Dario Fracassetti, Alessandra Bartolucci, Elena Artioli, Antonio Mazzotti
{"title":"Dysplasia Epiphysealis Hemimelica (Trevor Disease) of the Talus in a Toddler: A Case Report With a Long Follow-up.","authors":"Maurizio De Pellegrin, Dario Fracassetti, Alessandra Bartolucci, Elena Artioli, Antonio Mazzotti","doi":"10.1177/24730114241264201","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114241264201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual AbstractThis is a visual representation of the abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"9 3","pages":"24730114241264201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11289795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foot & Ankle OrthopaedicsPub Date : 2024-07-29eCollection Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1177/24730114241263093
Yu Min Suh, Margaret Fisher, Di Hu, Feng-Chang Lin, Dane Wukich, Josh Tennant, Trapper Lalli
{"title":"Serum Fructosamine as an Indicator of Perioperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Foot and Ankle Surgery.","authors":"Yu Min Suh, Margaret Fisher, Di Hu, Feng-Chang Lin, Dane Wukich, Josh Tennant, Trapper Lalli","doi":"10.1177/24730114241263093","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114241263093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with poor glycemic control are at increased risk of postoperative complications. Hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> (HbA<sub>1c</sub>) has traditionally been used to assess preoperative glycemic control, but with limitations. More recently, fructosamine has been tested preoperatively in patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty. This study aims to assess whether preoperative serum fructosamine can be used to avoid adverse outcomes in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent foot and ankle surgeries at 2 level 1 trauma centers from January 2020 to December 2021. Of those, 305 patients were tested for HbA<sub>1c</sub> and fructosamine levels preoperatively. Adverse outcomes were assessed over 30 and 90 days. Outcomes of interest were surgical site infection, wound dehiscence, unplanned return to the operating room, unplanned readmission, and death. Data were analyzed using independent 2-sample <i>t</i> tests. A mixed effects model was used for multivariate analysis. <i>P</i> values less than .05 were considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preoperative serum fructosamine was significantly higher (<i>P</i> = .029) in those with complications within 90 days compared to those without. The mean preoperative fructosamine level was 269.2 µmol/L (SD = 58.85) in those who did have a complication vs 247.2 µmol/L (SD = 53.95) in those who did not. Clinically significant fructosamine threshold was determined using 2 different methods. Fructosamine was found to be non-inferior to HbA<sub>1c</sub> in accurately predicting postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fructosamine is a serum marker that reflects nearer term glycemic control than HbA<sub>1c</sub>. Elevation in preoperative fructosamine is associated with increased perioperative complications after foot and ankle surgery within 90 days. Preoperative fructosamine may be used in patient optimization and risk stratification when determining candidacy and timing for elective foot and ankle surgeries.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III, retrospective cohort study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"9 3","pages":"24730114241263093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11289794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foot & Ankle OrthopaedicsPub Date : 2024-07-29eCollection Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1177/24730114241265109
James J Butler, Hayden Hartman, Amanda Mener, Nathaniel P Mercer, Grace W Randall, Stephen Petropoulos, Andrew J Rosenbaum, John G Kennedy
{"title":"Limited Evidence to Support the Use of Intra-Articular Injection of Hyaluronic Acid for the Management of Hallux Rigidus: A Systematic Review.","authors":"James J Butler, Hayden Hartman, Amanda Mener, Nathaniel P Mercer, Grace W Randall, Stephen Petropoulos, Andrew J Rosenbaum, John G Kennedy","doi":"10.1177/24730114241265109","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114241265109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate outcomes following intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) for the treatment of hallux rigidus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During April 2024, a systematic review of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data collected and analyzed were number of patients, patient age, follow-up, subjective clinical outcomes, complications, and failures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies were included. In total, 218 patients (218 feet) underwent intra-articular injection of HA at a weighted mean follow-up time of 4.4 ± 1.4 months (range, 3-6). There was an improvement in postinjection visual analog scale (VAS) pain at rest scores, VAS pain during activity scores, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, and Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) scores. In total, 21 complications (10.0%) were observed, the most common of which was transient postinjection pain in 20 patients (9.6%). There were 7 patients (3.2%) who underwent secondary procedures (3.2%). One randomized control trial (RCT) demonstrated no difference in outcomes between an intra-articular injection of HA compared to an intra-articular injection of saline. One RCT demonstrated superior FHSQ scores following between an intra-articular injection of HA compared to an intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review suggests that intra-articular injection of HA for the treatment of hallux rigidus may lead to improved clinical outcomes with a low complication rate at short-term follow-up. However, the low level and quality of evidence underscores the need for further high-quality studies to be conducted to identify the precise role of HA in the treatment of hallux rigidus.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"9 3","pages":"24730114241265109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11289800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141859499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}