Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics最新文献

{"title":"Medial Sesamoidectomy as a Local Autograft Source in Revision or Complex First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis.","authors":"Aaron Tran, Brennan Enright, Rachel Reichenbach, Jordan Henderson, David Jaffe","doi":"10.1177/24730114251343071","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114251343071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is a well-established procedure with excellent outcomes for patients with forefoot disorders. Routine bone grafting is not typically required, but bone graft may be necessary in the setting of revision surgery. Because of potential harvesting morbidity and time associated with an extra incision, allograft bone is frequently used. In this study, we describe the outcomes of an approach to first MTP fusion with simultaneous medial sesamoidectomy for utilization as autograft.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of all first MTP arthrodesis cases performed by one fellowship-trained foot and ankle surgeon were identified. Operative reports and radiographs were reviewed identifying patients who underwent simultaneous medial sesamoidectomy for autograft purposes. Indications for sesamoidectomy harvesting were noted. The primary outcome reviewed was fusion rate. Overall nonunion rates and patient outcomes were collected and compared between those undergoing sesamoidectomy for grafting and those undergoing standard procedure arthrodesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 107 patients underwent first MTP arthrodesis. Of these, 24 underwent concurrent sesamoidectomy grafting with 9 requiring additional calcaneal grafting. Indications for the sesamoidectomy group included 5 primary cases of erosive hallux rigidus, 2 cases of hallux valgus, 6 nonunions, 3 failed Cartiva implants, 2 cases of avascular necrosis, 4 failed arthroplasties, and 2 conversion bunionectomy. All 24 patients in the sesamoidectomy group achieved successful union. For context, the broader cohort undergoing first MTP arthrodesis had a fusion rate of 92.1%. All patients in the sesamoidectomy group were satisfied with their surgical outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found highly successful fusion rates in a potentially higher risk population with the use of local autografting from the medial sesamoid. The medial sesamoid serves as a freely available, structurally supportive graft material for first MTP arthrodesis that can be readily harvested via the same incision, potentially reducing the need for additional graft sites. However, given the retrospective nature, single-surgeon cohort, and small sample size, further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and evaluate comparative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III, retrospective comparative study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"10 2","pages":"24730114251343071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12174813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Writing for Impact: How to Craft a Standout Clinical Research Paper.","authors":"Charles L Saltzman, Robert B Anderson, Brad D Blankenhorn, John T Campbell, Christopher P Chiodo, Timothy R Daniels, George B Holmes, Ellie Pinsker, Stefan Rammelt, Robert A Vander Griend","doi":"10.1177/24730114251347096","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114251347096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"10 2","pages":"24730114251347096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12163279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posterior Malleolus: Morphologic Classification, Morphometry, and Clinical Insights.","authors":"Hellen Carvalho Ribeiro, William Paganini Mayer, Jacob Matz, Josemberg da Silva Baptista","doi":"10.1177/24730114251341900","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114251341900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this study, we provide a comprehensive description of the morphometrics of the distal tibiae and propose that the intact posterior malleolus (PM) exhibits clinically relevant morphologic variation. These differences may have implications for fracture classification, fixation strategy, and implant design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-two isolated dry tibias were analyzed to determine the PM morphometric parameters. Five key morphometric points were identified, and the PM was defined as the posterior bony projection of the distal tibial epiphysis. The malleolar groove established the PM's medial limitation, the posterior portion of the fibular notch defined the lateral limit, and the anterior boundary was a line connecting these landmarks across the inferior articular surface. PM shapes were categorized based on consistent morphologic patterns. Cross-sections of the distal tibia were performed to assess trabecular bone morphology and density.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found the PM presenting 3 distinct morphologic types: rounded, triangular, and trapezoid. Triangular and trapezoid types exhibited larger dimensions and robust bone tissue, whereas tibias with a rounded PM displayed smaller dimensions and delicate bone architecture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These novel findings reveal PM morphologic diversity, which may enhance our understanding of PM fracture patterns and optimize the development of surgical implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"10 2","pages":"24730114251341900"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autograft vs Allograft With Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate as an Osteotomy Gap Filler in Lateral Column Lengthening for Progressive Collapsing Flatfoot Deformity.","authors":"Ramesh Radhakrishnan, Don Thong Siang Koh, Eric Wei Liang Cher, Wenxian Png, Inderjeet Rikhraj Singh","doi":"10.1177/24730114251342580","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114251342580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Progressive collapsing flatfoot deformity (PCFD) is a complex condition characterized by hindfoot valgus, midfoot varus, and forefoot abduction, leading to functional impairment and pain. Surgical correction often includes lateral column lengthening (LCL), which addresses structural deformity and restores alignment. Autografts remain the gold standard as an osteotomy gap filler for LCL despite donor site morbidity. Allografts augmented with patient's own bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) offer a potential alternative because of their osteogenic properties. This study compares the clinical and radiologic outcomes of autografts vs allografts with BMAC in LCL for PCFD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study reviewed 38 patients who underwent LCL for PCFD at a tertiary institution from 2012 to 2022. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the 25 who received autografts (group A), and the 13 who received allografts (group B) mixed with BMAC. Clinical outcomes were assessed using visual analog scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scores, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores at 6 and 24 months postoperatively. Radiologic union was evaluated through serial weightbearing radiographs at regular interval post-surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups A and B achieved radiologic union at an average of 5.64 ± 1.80 and 5.15 ± 2.58 months, respectively. There were no cases of delayed union or nonunion. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in VAS, AOFAS, and SF-36 scores at 6 and 24 months, with no statistically significant differences in outcomes. Group A had 2 cases of peroneal tendinopathy, 1 case of peroneal tendon adhesion to the plate, 1 case of screw prominence, and 1 case of chronic pain attributed to plantar nerve irritation. Group B had no reported complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that allografts augmented with BMAC may be a viable alternative to autografts for LCL in PCFD, offering comparable union rates and functional outcomes. However, as a retrospective cohort study with a small sample size, further prospective research is needed to confirm these findings.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III, retrospective cohort studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"10 2","pages":"24730114251342580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12146589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All-Inside Arthroscopic Brostrom Repair with Suture Tape Augmentation: A Technical Description.","authors":"Gerard F Marciano, Sohil S Desai, James R McWilliam, Bonnie Y Chien","doi":"10.1177/24730114251342576","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114251342576","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"10 2","pages":"24730114251342576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compensatory Movements of the Midfoot Joints Influence Gait Pattern After Arthroscopic Ankle Arthrodesis.","authors":"Annette Eidmann, Katharina Kraftborn, Matthias G Walcher, Lukas Fraißler, Maximilian Rudert, Ioannis Stratos","doi":"10.1177/24730114251338848","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114251338848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis (AAA) is a standard procedure for end-stage osteoarthritis of the ankle. One of the main concerns after AAA remains the development of secondary osteoarthritis in the subtalar and tarsal joints in the long term. This development is thought to be due to a compensatory increased mobility and therefore increased load on the adjacent joints. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the residual motion of the tarsal joints, the load distribution under the foot, and the influence of tarsal joint motion on load distribution and gait pattern after AAA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>29 patients with arthroscopic AAA were analyzed in a retrospective case-control series by pedobarographic gait analysis and fluoroscopy. The variables examined by pedobarography included peak force, peak pressure, and contact time of 10 different zones of the foot during the roll-over process, comparing the operated with the contralateral healthy foot. The range of motion (ROM) of the subtalar and medial tarsal joints in dorsiflexion/plantarflexion were assessed radiologically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After AAA, peak forces of the ipsilateral foot were significantly reduced for the entire foot and especially the first metatarsal, great toe, and lesser toes during the roll-over process. Peak pressure decreased significantly under the lesser toes and increased under metatarsal 5, without significant load alterations under the mid- and hindfoot. The residual ROM of the subtalar and tarsal joints in dorsiflexion/plantarflexion was 23.5 degrees. The greater the ROM of the adjacent joints, the more the gait pattern normalized.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Load distribution during the stance phase is influenced by AAA; the ROM of the subtalar and midfoot joints is essential in normalizing gait pattern.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>IV, case series.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"10 2","pages":"24730114251338848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Historical Perspective of Surgical Procedures Used in the Treatment of Hallux Valgus: A Contemporary Review.","authors":"Hugo A Ubillus, Andrew S Bi, Nina D Fisher, Thelma R Jimenez Mosquea, Raymond J Walls","doi":"10.1177/24730114251341297","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114251341297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual AbstractThis is a visual representation of the abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"10 2","pages":"24730114251341297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Patient-Specific Instrument Resections In Vivo in Total Ankle Arthroplasty on Postoperative Weightbearing CT Scan.","authors":"Moawiah S Mustafa, George Dierking, Justin Ivoc, Glenn G Shi, Ramiro Lopez, Cole Herbel, Edward T Haupt","doi":"10.1177/24730114251338258","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114251338258","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) using patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) has increased in popularity with evidence for decreased operative duration, fluoroscopy usage, and increased implant placement accuracy. To date, no comparisons have verified the accuracy of PSI in vivo using preoperative and postoperative weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT). Our study aims to supplement the literature by quantifying the accuracy and precision of PSI-guided implant positioning using WBCT. The primary study outcome is to identify positioning deviations in degrees or millimeters in any plane for talus and tibial PSI-guided resections and subsequent implant placement. Secondary outcomes were correlation and regression analyses performed to identify variables that correlate to resection or implant placement deviation, as well as comparison to existing radiography-based PSI techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This was a single-surgeon, single-implant consecutive patient retrospective study where preoperative and postoperative WBCTs were obtained. TAA was performed by the senior author with the same low-profile implant for all cases. Talus and tibial resection analysis was performed in computer-automated fashion on postoperative segmented WBCTs and is described as 3 possible deviations from plan (cut height in millimeters, sagittal slope, varus/valgus deviation). Overall deformity in this group was not severe. Implant placement factors independent of PSI guides are described as center-of-mass translations (mm) and axial rotation (degrees). Desired accuracy for the PSI system was within ±2 mm or ±2 degrees of the preoperative plan. Statistical analysis of data collected included Student &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; test and linear regression analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Thirty patients were included. Four talus implants were excluded per intraoperative surgeon discretion (deviation from PSI plan, use of conventional instruments). All postoperative tibial measurements were within the desired limits, except for mediolateral center of mass positioning (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .003) and slope (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .013). Two of six talar parameters also diverged from preoperative measurements: axial rotation (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .015) and anteroposterior positioning (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .002). In addition, no correlations exceeding &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.5 were noted between preoperative deformity measurements and postoperative positioning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;For the 26 ankles that did not require an intraoperative deviation from PSI plan and/or use of conventional instruments, total ankle replacement performed with PSI using WBCT results in component placement with relatively little deviation from the preoperative plan. In addition, the lack of correlation between preoperative deformity and implant placement suggests that the magnitude of preoperative deformity in this group was not associated with the accuracy of PSI-guided component positioning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"10 2","pages":"24730114251338258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celecoxib as Heterotopic Ossification Prophylaxis in Total Ankle Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Caroline Cristofaro, Mohammad Athar, Ellie B Pinsker, Brad Meulenkamp, Timothy R Daniels, Mansur M Halai","doi":"10.1177/24730114251337748","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114251337748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether prophylactic celecoxib reduces the prevalence of radiographic heterotopic ossification (HO) following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA). Secondary aims included evaluating its effect on the severity of radiographic HO and its association with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included all patients who underwent a primary TAA between April 2019 to May 2023 at a single academic institution. The intervention group was composed of patients prescribed 4 weeks of celecoxib postoperatively and was compared to controls who received no celecoxib. Radiographs at ≥8 months were reviewed and graded using the modified Brooker classification for severity of HO. Ankle Osteoarthritis Score pain and disability, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey physical function and mental health were assessed at follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred seventy-nine patients, 95 males (53.1%) and 84 females (46.9%), were included. The mean age was 65.8 ± 9.6 years. Ninety patients (50.3%) received celecoxib and 89 (49.7%) did not. The prevalence of HO at the time of follow-up (1.2 ± 0.4 years) was 53 (29.6%) with grade 0, 78 (43.6%) with grade 1, 21 (11.7%) with grade 2, 21 (11.7%) with grade 3, and 6 (3.4%) with grade 4. Patients who did not receive celecoxib were significantly more likely to develop HO and experience greater severity of HO, with odds ratios of 2.19 (95% CI 1.10-4.33, <i>P</i> < .05) and 2.51 (95% CI 1.43-4.44, <i>P</i> < .05), respectively. No significant differences in patient-reported outcomes were observed between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Celecoxib for 4 weeks postoperatively may reduce the risk and severity of HO after TAA without affecting patient-reported outcomes. HO prophylaxis did not have a statistically significant impact on PROMs. Celecoxib for HO prophylaxis can be considered following primary TAA while balancing the risks of side effects.<b>Level of Evidence:</b> Level III, (retrospective cohort study).</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"10 2","pages":"24730114251337748"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Short-term Functional Outcome of Repair of Acute Extensor Tendon Injuries of Foot and Ankle.","authors":"Anwar Shareef Kk, Raj Kumar Manas","doi":"10.1177/24730114251337450","DOIUrl":"10.1177/24730114251337450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extensor tendon injuries of the foot and ankle are common, and less literature is available regarding its outcome. Ours is an observational study that aims to evaluate the functional outcome of surgical repair of all extensor tendons of the foot and ankle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted over a period of 1½ years with extensor tendon injury that was repaired within 24 hours of injury. The patients were followed up for a minimum period of 6 months and the functional outcome was evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 30 patients were enrolled, and that included 15 patients in a prospective study and another 15 patients in a retrospective study. A total of 22 cases were followed up. The major tendons involved were extensor digitorum longus (60%) followed by a combination of 2 or more tendons (30%). Extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior were involved in 6.7% and 3.35% of cases, respectively. The mean follow-up was 16 ± 7.8 months, and the mean AOFAS score was 99.36 ± 2.1, with a range of 90-100. The mean pain score was 39.2 ± 9, with a range of 30-40. The mean functional score was 49.36 ± 2.17, whereas the mean alignment score was 10.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Extensor tendon injuries of the foot and ankle are common injuries that require active surgical intervention. Early repair with a good physiotherapy protocol was associated with excellent AOFAS score and a pain-free limb without deformities in the 22 of 30 patients who were followed up.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level IV, ambispective observational study.</p>","PeriodicalId":12429,"journal":{"name":"Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics","volume":"10 2","pages":"24730114251337450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12099159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}