Foods最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Red Vinasse on Physicochemical Qualities of Blue Round Scad (<i>Decapterus maruadsi</i>) During Storage, and Shelf Life Prediction.","authors":"Shan Xue, Shuyi Chen, Bohu Liu, Jia Liu","doi":"10.3390/foods13223654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13223654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A fish processed with red vinasse is a type of Fujian cuisine with regional characteristics. In order to monitor the effect of red vinasse on storage quality and shelf life of blue round scad (<i>Decapterus maruadsi</i>) during storage, the changes in fat content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), pH value, texture, and sensory quality were studied at different storage temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C). By analyzing the correlation between changes in sensory qualities and physical and chemical indexes, a first-order kinetic model and the Arrhenius equation were used to build a shelf-life prediction model for blue round scad during storage. The results showed that processing with red vinasse can significantly reduce the malondialdehyde (MDA) production and the decrease in PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) during storage. Based on partial least squares regression (PLSR), the storage temperature and time have a significant impact on the PUFA composition in blue round scad, which changed less when the samples were stored at 4 °C and 25 °C, and they had better nutritional composition of fatty acids at lower temperatures. Among the PUFAs, DHA (C22:6n-3) and EPA (C20:5n-3) had higher relative contents and significantly decreased during storage (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, the processing with red vinasse can slow down the increase in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value and pH of blue round scad, maintain the appropriate hardness, elasticity, cohesion and chewability, and improve the overall sensory quality of the fish. In addition, according to the results of model prediction based on TBARS value, the storage shelf life of blue round scad with red vinasse added was 55 d, 2.7 d and 28 h at 4 °C, 25 °C and 37 °C, respectively. The accuracy of the forecast model was high, and the relative errors of the measured values and predicted values were less than 10%. Thus, it not only provided a theoretical basis for the processing and application of red vinasse to Chinese traditional food, but also provided innovative ideas for the safe storage and high-value utilization of blue round scad.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"13 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motivators of the Intention of Wine Tourism in Baja California, Mexico.","authors":"Sandra Nelly Leyva-Hernández, Arcelia Toledo-López","doi":"10.3390/foods13223651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13223651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to analyze which variables have the most significant effect and importance in analyzing wine tourism intention in Baja California, Mexico, using the stimulus-organism-response model. An exploratory and cross-sectional study collected a sample of 728 adult wine consumers from Baja California. Data analysis was carried out using structural equation modeling by partial least squares and analysis of the importance--performance map. Traditional gastronomy was the main predictor of wine tourism intention in Baja California, Mexico, and according to the importance-performance map, it is the most essential variable in the analysis. In addition, the study results showed that identity mediates the relationship between electronic word of mouth and wine tourism intention and between traditional gastronomy and wine tourism intention. The study employs an importance-performance mapping analysis that has yet to be used in wine tourism analysis and proposes a stimulus (electronic word of mouth, traditional gastronomy)-organism (identity)-response (wine tourism intention) model to broaden understanding of the phenomenon. Its findings and methodology can serve as a valuable template for future research, offering a blueprint that can be replicated in regions like Baja California. This research has significant consequences for creating marketing plans in the wine tourism sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"13 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Beneficial Effects of Probiotics on the Gut-Prostate Axis Using Prostatic Co-Culture Model.","authors":"Sara Ferrari, Rebecca Galla, Simone Mulè, Francesca Uberti","doi":"10.3390/foods13223647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13223647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The link between the gut environment and the prostate has recently been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Therefore, this study examined the advantages of a novel oral probiotic supplement to improve intestinal health and treat BPH. A 3D intestinal barrier model that simulated oral intake was used to analyse the combined regulative abilities of <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium psychaerophilum</i>. Then, a co-culture prostatic model was used to investigate the biological consequences of the combination under conditions mimicking BPH. The results show the connection between the gut microbiome and prostate disease since the probiotics successfully modulate the primary mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of BPH. Indeed, after the intestinal passage, the mediators released from <i>B. longum</i> and <i>B. psychaerophilum</i> induced a substantial decrease in reactive oxidative species of about 6 times and inflammation (about 5 times regarding interleukine-6 and 10) and a sharp increase in testosterone and serotonin levels (about 95%). Further, proliferation and BPH principal mediators (such as androgen and dihydrotestosterone) were highly affected and nearly restored to physiological levels. Thus, BPH can be directly affected by probiotic supplementation; specifically, <i>B. longum</i> and <i>B. psychaerophilum</i>, in combination, seem able to promote the mitigation of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"13 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultraviolet-B Radiation Stimulates Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Antioxidant Systems in Buckwheat Sprouts.","authors":"Xin Tian, Meixia Hu, Jia Yang, Yongqi Yin, Weiming Fang","doi":"10.3390/foods13223650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13223650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abiotic stress not only elevates the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plant sprouts but also boosts their antioxidant capacity. In this study, the mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis and antioxidant systems in buckwheat sprouts exposed to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation were investigated. The findings revealed that UV-B treatment significantly increased flavonoid content in buckwheat sprouts, with 3-day-old sprouts exhibiting a flavonoid content 1.73 times greater than that of the control treatment. UV-B radiation significantly increased the activities of key enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, and chalcone synthase) and the relative expression levels of the corresponding genes. Although UV-B radiation caused damage to the cell membranes of buckwheat sprouts, promoting increases in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content and inhibiting the growth of sprouts, importantly, UV-B radiation also significantly increased the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase as well as the relative expression levels of the corresponding genes, thus enhancing the antioxidant system of buckwheat sprouts. This enhancement was corroborated by a notable increase in ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP radical scavenging activities in 3-day-old sprouts subjected to UV-B radiation. Additionally, UV-B radiation significantly increased chlorophyll <i>a</i> and chlorophyll <i>b</i> contents in sprouts. These results suggest that UV-B radiation is advantageous for cultivating buckwheat sprouts with increased flavonoid content and enhanced antioxidant capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"13 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Authentication of Intact Stingless Bee Honey (SBH) by Portable LED-Based Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Chemometrics.","authors":"Diding Suhandy, Dimas Firmanda Al Riza, Meinilwita Yulia, Kusumiyati Kusumiyati, Mareli Telaumbanua, Hirotaka Naito","doi":"10.3390/foods13223648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13223648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indonesian stingless bee honey (SBH) of <i>Geniotrigona thoracica</i> is popular and traded at an expensive price. Brown rice syrup (RS) is frequently used as a cheap adulterant for an economically motivated adulteration (EMA) in SBH. In this study, authentic Indonesian <i>Geniotrigona thoracica</i> SBH of <i>Acacia mangium</i> (<i>n</i> = 100), adulterated SBH (<i>n</i> = 120), fake SBH (<i>n</i> = 100), and RS (<i>n</i> = 200) were prepared. In short, 2 mL of each sample was dropped directly into an innovative sample holder without any sample preparation including no dilution. Fluorescence intensity was acquired using a fluorescence spectrometer. This portable instrument is equipped with a 365 nm LED lamp as the fixed excitation source. Principal component analysis (PCA) was calculated for the smoothed spectral data. The results showed that the authentic SBH and non-SBH (adulterated SBH, fake SBH, and RS) samples could be well separated using the smoothed spectral data. The cumulative percentage variance of the first two PCs, 98.4749% and 98.4425%, was obtained for calibration and validation, respectively. The highest prediction accuracy was 99.5% and was obtained using principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA). The best partial least square (PLS) calibration was obtained using the combined interval with R²_cal = 0.898 and R²_val = 0.874 for calibration and validation, respectively. In the prediction, the developed model could predict the adulteration level in the adulterated honey samples with an acceptable ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) = 2.282, and range error ratio (RER) = 6.612.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"13 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Omega-3 Lipid Production from Agro-Industrial By-Products Using Thraustochytrids: Enabling Process Development, Optimization, and Scale-Up.","authors":"Guilherme Anacleto Dos Reis, Brigitte Sthepani Orozco Colonia, Walter Jose Martínez-Burgos, Diego Ocán-Torres, Cristine Rodrigues, Gilberto Vinícius de Melo Pereira, Carlos Ricardo Soccol","doi":"10.3390/foods13223646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13223646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thraustochytrids are emerging as a valuable biomass source for high-quality omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), crucial for both human and animal nutrition. This research focuses on cultivating <i>Schizochytrium limacinum</i> SR21 using cost-effective agro-industrial by-products, namely sugarcane molasses (SCM), corn steep liquor (CSL), and residual yeast cream (RYC), to optimize biomass and lipid production through a comprehensive multistep bioprocess. The study involved optimization experiments in shake flasks and stirred-tank bioreactors, where we evaluated biomass, lipid content, and DHA yields. Shake flask optimization resulted in significant enhancements in biomass, lipid content, and lipid production by factors of 1.12, 1.72, and 1.92, respectively. In a 10 L stirred-tank bioreactor, biomass surged to 39.29 g/L, lipid concentration increased to 14.98 g/L, and DHA levels reached an impressive 32.83%. The optimal concentrations identified were 66 g/L of SCM, 24.5 g/L of CSL, and 6 g/L of RYC, achieving a desirability index of 0.87, aimed at maximizing biomass and lipid production. This study shows that agro-industrial by-products can be effective and low-cost substrates for producing lipids using thraustochytrids, offering a sustainable option for omega-3 PUFA production. The findings support future improvements in bioprocesses and potential uses of thraustochytrid biomass in food fortification, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and as vegan omega-3 sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"13 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Through Commonly Consumed Foodstuffs in Mexico.","authors":"Alejandra Cantoral, Sonia Collado-López, Larissa Betanzos-Robledo, Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa, Betzabeth A García-Martínez, Camilo Ríos, Araceli Díaz-Ruiz, Rosa María Mariscal-Moreno, Martha María Téllez-Rojo","doi":"10.3390/foods13223649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13223649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely distributed in foodstuffs. In Mexico, few studies have evaluated Cd content in foods. This study aimed to determine Cd concentrations in foodstuffs that are highly consumed and bought in Mexico City to identify foods exceeding the Maximum Level (ML) and to assess the health risks of theoretical Cd intake from a diet following the Mexican Dietary Guidelines. A total of 143 foodstuffs were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Theoretical Cd intake was estimated in portions per week and compared with the Cd Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI = 2.5 μg/kg per body weight). A total of 68.5% of the foodstuffs had detectable Cd concentrations. Higher concentrations were found in oyster mushrooms (0.575 mg/kg), romaine lettuce (0.335 mg/kg), and cocoa powder (0.289 mg/kg). Food groups with higher mean concentrations were vegetables (0.084 mg/kg) and snacks, sweets, and desserts (0.049 mg/kg). Ancho chili and romaine lettuce exceed the ML. The theoretical Cd intake estimation was 1.80, 2.05, and 3.82 μg/kg per body weight for adults, adolescents, and school-age children, respectively. This theoretical Cd intake represents a health risk only for school children exceeding the TWI by 53.2%. Our study confirms the presence and risk of Cd in Mexican foodstuffs and highlights the importance of monitoring programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"13 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotoxic and Anti-Genotoxic Assessments of Fermented <i>Houttuynia cordata</i> Thunb. Leaf Ethanolic Extract and Its Anti-Cancer Effect in a Dual-Organ Carcinogenesis Model of Colon and Liver in Rats.","authors":"Chonikarn Singai, Pornsiri Pitchakarn, Sirinya Taya, Rawiwan Wongpoomchai, Ariyaphong Wongnoppavich","doi":"10.3390/foods13223645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13223645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence of multiple-organ cancers has recently increased due to simultaneous exposure to various environmental carcinogens. <i>Houttuynia cordata</i> Thunb. (<i>H. cordata</i>) is recognized for its many health benefits, including its anti-cancer properties. The fermentation of its leaves has been shown to significantly enhance the bioflavonoid content and its bioactivities. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fermented <i>H.cordata</i> leaf (FHCL) extracts against combined carcinogens and investigate the underlying mechanisms. The crude ethanolic extract of FHCL was partitioned to obtain hexane- (HEX), dichloromethane- (DCM), ethyl acetate- (ETAC), butanol- (nBA), and residue fractions. The crude ethanolic extract (200-250 μg/mL) and the DCM fraction (50 μg/mL) significantly reduced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, the crude extract and the DCM and ETAC fractions showed anti-genotoxicity against aflatoxin B₁ and 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo [4,5-f]quinoline (MeIQ) in <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> assays (S9+). Despite demonstrating genotoxicity in the <i>Salmonella</i> mutation assay (with and without S9 activation), oral administration of the crude extract at 500 mg/kg of body weight (bw) for 40 days in rats did not induce micronucleated hepatocytes, indicating that the extract is non-genotoxic in vivo. Moreover, the crude extract significantly decreased Phase I but increased Phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities in the rats. Next, the anti-cancer effects of FHCL were evaluated in a dual-organ carcinogenesis model of the colon and liver in rats induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and diethylnitrosamine (DEN), respectively. The crude extract significantly reduced not only the number and size of glutathione <i>S</i>-transferase placental form positive foci in the liver (at doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg bw) but also the number of aberrant crypt foci in rat colons (at 500 mg/kg bw). Furthermore, FHCL significantly reduced the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the colon (at 100 and 500 mg/kg bw) and liver (at 500 mg/kg bw) of the treated rats. In conclusion, FHCL exhibits significant preventive properties against colon and liver cancers in this dual-organ carcinogenesis model. Its mechanisms of action may involve anti-inflammatory effects, the prevention of genotoxicity, the modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. These findings support the use of FHCL as a natural supplement for preventing cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"13 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumption of Plant-Derived Phenolic Acids Modulates Hunger and Satiety Responses Due to Chemical Interactions with Enteroendocrine Mediators.","authors":"B Shain Zuñiga-Martínez, J Abraham Domínguez-Avila, Marcelino Montiel-Herrera, Mónica A Villegas-Ochoa, Rosario Maribel Robles-Sánchez, J Fernando Ayala-Zavala, Manuel Viuda-Martos, Gustavo A González-Aguilar","doi":"10.3390/foods13223640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13223640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Energy-dense foods are commonly rich in fat and simple sugars and poor in dietary fiber and micronutrients; regularly consuming them decreases the concentration and/or effect of anorexigenic hormones and may increase that of orexigenic ones, thereby decreasing satiety. In contrast, plant-derived phenolic-rich foods exert positive effects on satiety. In silico, in vitro, and in vivo investigations on some of most representative phenolic acids like chlorogenic acid (CGA), gallic acid (GA), ferulic acid (FA), and protocatechuic acid (PCA) have shown that they are able to modulate various hunger and satiety processes; however, there are few studies that show how their chemical structure contributes to achieve such effects. The objective of this review is to summarize how these phenolic acids can favorably modulate hormones and other satiety mediators, with emphasis on the chemical interactions exerted between the core of these compounds and their biological targets. The evidence suggests that they form interactions with certain hormones, their receptors, and/or enzymes involved in regulating hunger and satiety, which are attributed to their chemical structure (such as the position of hydroxyl groups). Further research is needed to continue understanding these molecular mechanisms of action and to utilize the knowledge in the development of health-promoting foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"13 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Traditional and Non-Traditionally Processed Blue Corn Tortilla Consumption During the Gestation of Rats in the Dentate Gyrus of Pups.","authors":"Paola Fernanda González-Nieto, Mayvi Alvarado-Olivarez, Rosa Isela Guzmán-Gerónimo, Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa, Laura Teresa Hernández-Salazar","doi":"10.3390/foods13223639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13223639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of consuming traditionally and non-traditionally processed blue corn tortillas on the dentate gyrus of rat pups during gestation was evaluated. Blue corn tortillas were made from grains steeped or not steeped in a solution of gallic acid and processed by traditional or microwave nixtamalization. Total polyphenol and total anthocyanin contents were analyzed. At day 20 of gestation, the pups were analyzed according to the diet administered to the pregnant rats, as follows: the control group fed with standard diet; the TN group = standard diet + blue corn tortilla by traditional nixtamalization; the TNGA group = standard diet + blue corn tortilla by traditional nixtamalization + gallic acid; the MN group = standard diet + blue corn tortilla by microwave nixtamalization; and the MNGA group = standard diet + blue corn tortilla by microwave nixtamalization + gallic acid. The cell density and soma size of the dentate gyrus in pups, along with the number of pups per litter and the litter weight, were recorded. The highest polyphenol and anthocyanin content were found in blue corn tortillas made from grains steeped in gallic acid and processed by microwave nixtamalization. The MNGA group showed larger litters as well as higher cell density (33%) and soma size (50% in the range of 30-50 μm²) in the dentate gyrus of pups as compared to the control.</p>","PeriodicalId":12386,"journal":{"name":"Foods","volume":"13 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142727391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}