Food Packaging and Shelf Life最新文献

{"title":"High-barrier multilayer nanocomposite films constructed with flexible whey protein worm-like aggregates for sustainable food packaging","authors":"Xiaohan Chai,&nbsp;Si Meng,&nbsp;Zhicheng Wei,&nbsp;Qi Yuan,&nbsp;Lei Yang,&nbsp;Xingyu Chen,&nbsp;Junxiang Zhu,&nbsp;Hao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of biodegradable films with high barrier performance has become increasingly important for sustainable food packaging. In this study, multilayer nanocomposite films were prepared by incorporating whey protein isolate (WPI) fibrillated worm-like aggregate (WLA) into a carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and sodium alginate (SA) matrix through layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Controlled fiber aggregation of WPI was achieved via combined thermal and EDC/NHS covalent coupling treatments, producing WLA with distinct conformational flexibilities. Structural characterization by FT-IR and SAXS confirmed that the incorporation of WLA strengthened interactions and reduced microdomain correlation length, thereby promoting a more compact and homogeneous interlayer structure. These structural improvements resulted in notable enhancements in mechanical strength, moisture resistance, water vapor and oxygen barrier properties. Moreover, the optimized 11-layer CMC/SA film with the most flexible WLA exhibited excellent preservation performance when applied to oxidation-sensitive food models. Compared with conventional petroleum-based materials, the bio-based multilayer nanocomposite films maintained product freshness and visual quality throughout storage. The findings highlight the crucial role of protein aggregate flexibility in modulating film microstructure and functionality, providing a promising route for constructing high-barrier, eco-friendly packaging materials suitable for practical applications in the food industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101810"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148569087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration and stability studies of Irganox 1010 and its degradation product 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione (Arvin 8) in food simulants and orange juice","authors":"Alina Remezov,&nbsp;Meret Hochadel,&nbsp;Bastian Knaup,&nbsp;Davide Marchesi,&nbsp;Walter Vetter","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antioxidants are intentionally added to polymeric materials to prevent them from oxidative degradation during production, processing, and final use. Besides their beneficial properties, antioxidants can degrade to various non-intentionally added substances (NIAS). In this context, the chemical nature of food simulants was found to have a remarkable impact on the migration behavior of the NIAS 7,9-di-<em>tert</em>-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione (known as Arvin 8, Ar8) by changing its molecular structure. Hence, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to investigate the migration and stability of Ar8 in real food compared to food simulants. Specifically, cloudy and cleared orange juice were compared to their assigned food simulants 50% ethanol (EtOH) and 4% acetic acid (HAc). Surprisingly, Ar8 was more stable in cloudy than in cleared orange juice, and more resilient in juice than in the assigned simulants. Migration into food simulants was higher than into food when considering not only Ar8 but also its conversion products. Migration tests with Irganox 1010 (Ir1010) showed that this nonpolar antioxidant only migrated into simulants with a high ethanol content. Stability tests with Ir1010 in 95% EtOH showed no formation of Ar8. Instead, five other degradation products were detected, none of which were observed in cloudy orange juice. These findings highlight the necessity of collecting migration and stability data of NIAS in real food to avoid misinterpretation, as food simulants may alter the molecular structure of migrants, whereas food may not.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101791"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148569579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanocellulose for sustainable food packaging: Progress, challenges, and future directions","authors":"Keyla Guerrero-Ruiz,&nbsp;Alexandra Valenzuela-Cobos,&nbsp;Francisco Pozo,&nbsp;Manuel Fiallos-Cárdenas","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanocellulose (NC) has emerged as a promising functional component for sustainable food packaging systems because of its renewable origin, biodegradability under controlled conditions, and reinforcing and barrier-forming capacity. Based on a structured literature search and descriptive synthesis, this review provides a critical and integrative assessment of: (i) the structural and physicochemical fundamentals of NC, including cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC); (ii) recent advances in NC-containing food packaging; (iii) bioactive and sensing functionalities for active and intelligent packaging; (iv) techno-economic, environmental, regulatory, and scalability challenges; and (v) future research priorities. Comparative evidence indicates that NC-containing composites can improve tensile strength and oxygen barrier performance relative to selected bioplastics, particularly under low-humidity conditions. However, practical implementation remains constrained by moisture sensitivity, high production costs, limited industrial scalability, non-harmonized regulations for food-contact nanomaterials, and insufficient validation under real-use and shelf-life conditions. Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies indicate that NC-containing systems can reduce environmental burdens when lignocellulosic residues and optimized production routes are used, although these benefits depend on feedstock, processing route, functional modification, and end-of-life scenario. Emerging directions include green extraction, artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted design, circular-economy alignment, migration and safety assessment, and application-specific validation. Overall, this review provides actionable guidance for advancing NC-containing packaging systems from laboratory feasibility toward industrially relevant, safe, and environmentally responsible applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101807"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148569665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zein-cellulose composite food packaging with synergistically engineered SiOx coating: Oxygen/water vapor barrier properties, hydrophobicity, heat sealability, and environmental friendliness","authors":"Kaikai Zhang,&nbsp;Chi Hu,&nbsp;Zhanpeng Chen,&nbsp;Chunguang Yao,&nbsp;Shulong Zeng,&nbsp;Yufan Liu,&nbsp;Fuliang Lu,&nbsp;Chongxing Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To overcome the limitations in barrier and heat-sealing properties hindering the use of cellulose-based biomaterials in packaging, a high-performance zein/cellulose/SiOₓ/zein composite was developed for food packaging with multifunctional attributes. Zein/cellulose composites were prepared using filter paper (FP) as the cellulose substrate, adjusting the internal structure of zein and the amount of external plasticizers to enhance the hydrophobic and barrier characteristics of zein coatings. Subsequently, a compact SiOₓ coating was applied onto the composite surface through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to further improve barrier performance. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the heat-sealing properties of the zein-based sealing layer, resulting in the creation of a stratified zein/cellulose/SiOₓ/zein composite with integrated hydrophobicity, barrier performance, and heat sealability. The bio-based composite, through synergistically optimizing individual material layer properties within its layered structure, fulfills the practical requirements of food packaging by demonstrating a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 35.73 g/(m²·d) and an oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 93.7 cm³ /(m²·d), comparable to commercial polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials. It exhibits exceptional mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 24.29 MPa, an elongation at break of 6.63%, and a Young's modulus of 934.00 MPa. Furthermore, it shows remarkable moisture resistance and biodegradability, ensuring effective food preservation and complete soil degradation within 21 days. This research introduces an innovative technical approach and establishes a theoretical framework for developing environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional paper-plastic-aluminum composite packaging materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101794"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148569071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High efficiency plasticizers for flexible thermoplastic zein processed by extrusion and injection molding","authors":"A. Benavides-Ramos,&nbsp;C. Lazaro-Hdez,&nbsp;J. Gomez-Caturla,&nbsp;D. Lascano,&nbsp;R. Balart","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the limited availability of injection-molded zein systems by evaluating three structurally contrasted plasticizers, diethylene glycol (DEG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), and diethanolamine (DEA), to produce thermoplastic zein by hot extrusion and injection molding. Beyond demonstrating melt processability, the work seeks to clarify how plasticizer chemistry governs the structure-property relationships of zein under scalable thermoplastic processing conditions. All formulations yielded homogeneous injection-molded specimens. FTIR and XRD revealed plasticizer-dependent perturbations in the protein matrix, while DSC and DMTA showed clear differences in thermomechanical softening. The linear and flexible structure of DEG promoted the strongest disruption/reorganization of zein packing, increasing molecular mobility and translating into the lowest glass transition temperature (T_g) (42.0 ºC for 25 DEG), highest ductility (elongations at break: 74.2%) and highest impact strength (∼70 kJ m⁻²). In contrast, the branched structure of DPG and the amino-diol character of DEA produced more moderate plasticization, retaining higher stiffness and T_g values, while DEA strongly increased surface wettability (WCA&lt; 10º). Bulk water uptake reached high maxima (∼277–310% at 7 days). Under controlled composting, near-complete disintegration occurred within 4–6 weeks (20DPG slowest). Overall, plasticizer chemistry enables the injection molding of tunable zein parts with short composting disintegration times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101796"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148569069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic risk assessment of migrated chemicals of health concern from printing ink components in paper-based food contact materials","authors":"Hee-jin Jeong,&nbsp;Hogeon Lee,&nbsp;Dae Yong Jang,&nbsp;Jungmin Lee,&nbsp;Jiyeon Woo,&nbsp;Ye Ji Koo,&nbsp;Eun Chul Pack,&nbsp;Kyung Min Lim,&nbsp;Ji-hyun Jung,&nbsp;Seung Ha Lee,&nbsp;Dal Woong Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Printing inks widely used on paper-based food contact materials (FCMs) contain photoinitiators and solvents that may migrate into food and pose potential health concerns. This study established a large-scale occurrence-monitoring and comparative migration dataset for 11 photoinitiators and 16 solvents in 146 commercial paper-based FCMs, including paper napkins, paper straws, disposable kitchen wipes, and paper towels. Migration tests were conducted using four FDA-recommended food simulants under standardized immersion-based conditions representing aqueous, acidic, alcoholic, and fatty environments. Photoinitiators and solvents were detected in 8.9% and 15.8% of samples, respectively, exclusively in paper napkins and straws. Although no significant differences were observed among simulants, migration from paper napkins was higher than from other products. A probabilistic risk assessment using Monte Carlo simulations was additionally performed for detected compounds under standardized exposure-assessment assumptions. Under these assumptions, the HQ distributions for non-carcinogenic compounds were low, with a maximum 95th percentile HQ of 0.00025. For the detected carcinogenic compounds, 4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, estimated excess cancer risks ranged from 9.88 × 10^⁻7 to 3.28 × 10^⁻6 under the applied exposure framework. Accordingly, the risk estimates are presented as standardized screening-level outputs generated under the applied migration-testing and exposure-assessment assumptions. These findings support continued occurrence monitoring and comparative prioritization, particularly for paper napkins, and provide baseline data for future monitoring and regulatory evaluation of ink-related migrants in paper-based FCMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101812"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148569084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescent pH sensor based on carbon dots for real-time monitoring of shrimp freshness","authors":"Ke Zhang,&nbsp;Pingping Wang,&nbsp;Haiming Chen,&nbsp;Chun Chen,&nbsp;Xiong Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional pH sensors relying on a single signal output are often compromised by external interferences, such as fluctuations in excitation intensity, environmental background noise, and subjective visual interpretation. To address this limitation, we developed fluorescence-colorimetric dual-responsive carbon dots (CDs) through a one-step hydrothermal synthesis using citric acid, o-phenylenediamine, and neutral red. These CDs serve as a robust functional material for non-destructive and rapid assessment of food freshness. As the pH increased, the CDs exhibited a distinct color shift from yellow to red under visible light, accompanied by a synchronous fluorescence enhancement showing linear correlation to ammonia in the range of 1–100 μmol/L (R² &gt; 0.99). Integrated into filter paper-based indicator labels, the CDs retained excellent pH-responsive property, with clear visible and fluorescent color changes upon exposure to ammonia vapor. During shrimp storage at 4 ℃, the chromatic transitions of the labels under daylight correlated linearly with the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N, R² = 0.99), enabling quantitative estimation. Spoilage was indicated on day 3 when TVB-N exceeded 30 mg/100 g, total viable count (TVC) reached 6.34 log₁₀ CFU/g, and indicator labels simultaneously turned red (ΔE = 7.29). The developed sensing system enabled real-time, convenient, and non-destructive visualization of pH changes, providing a reliable approach for monitoring shrimp freshness. This work offers a solid theoretical foundation and technical framework for the design of CD-based intelligent packaging systems in food quality surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101806"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148569663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-printed thermoplastic polyurethane metamaterial sheets for enhanced mechanical protection of strawberries during transport","authors":"Sánchez-Cachinero Pedro,&nbsp;Bayano-Tejero Sergio,&nbsp;Jimenez-Jimenez Francisco,&nbsp;Sola-Guirado Rafael R","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the use of 3D-printed metamaterial-based covers made from thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to protect strawberries during transport. Strawberries are highly susceptible to postharvest damage, particularly from vibration and impact. To address this, structural sheets with vibration isolation properties were designed and integrated into standard transport boxes. The sheets were fabricated via 3D printing and evaluated through three experimental procedures: (1) vibration tests using random noise signals, (2) impact tests with controlled free-fall drops from 100 mm and 200 mm, and (3) real transport trials assessing damage and degradation over time. Packaging configurations included corrugated cardboard (CC), TPU sheets and a hybrid CC + TPU setup. Results showed that TPU-based configurations significantly reduced vibrational and impact accelerations compared to CC alone. Under vibration, TPU and CC + TPU achieved attenuation levels above 21%, versus 3% for CC. In impact tests, TPU and CC + TPU reduced peak accelerations by up to fourfold compared to corrugated cardboard (CC). During real transport on rural roads, TPU-based boxes caused three times less damage than cardboard, while degradation over subsequent days remained comparable. These findings demonstrate that TPU metamaterial sheets offer enhanced mechanical protection without compromising shelf life. The approach leverages additive manufacturing and metamaterial design to improve packaging performance, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional materials in postharvest logistics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101804"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148569664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrospinning smart labels for intelligent packaging: A nanofibrous interface for monitoring fresh food supply chains","authors":"Fangye Zeng,&nbsp;Min Zhang,&nbsp;Chung Lim Law,&nbsp;Luming Rui","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and real-time monitoring of food freshness is critical to reducing postharvest loss and extending the shelf life of fresh food. Intelligent packaging with indicator labels has emerged as a promising solution. However, conventional solvent-cast indicator films often suffer from limited sensitivity. Electrospinning, a versatile nanomanufacturing technique, provides a transformative platform to overcome these barriers by fabricating nano-structured labels with highly porous architectures and ultrahigh specific surface areas. This review systematically outlines how electrospinning advances intelligent packaging for dynamic shelf-life assessment. It first details the design of electrospun labels, including matrix materials, sensing components, and advanced strategies (coaxial, emulsion, parallel electrospinning) that enable tailored nanofiber morphologies and functional integration. The discussion then focuses on the underlying molecular recognition and signal transduction mechanisms—categorized into physicochemical, physical-state, and biological sensing pathways—that translate food quality changes and environmental conditions, such as temperature, relative humidity, O₂, into visible or electrical signals. The article further reviews the targeted applications of these labels across the supply chain, and highlights integrated systems that combine monitoring with active preservation. Finally, the review discusses current challenges in selectivity, stability, and scalability, and presents future directions toward intelligent, data-driven shelf-life prediction. By bridging advanced material engineering with practical packaging needs, electrospun smart labels offer a powerful and versatile tool for the next generation of intelligent food packaging systems aimed at enhancing food quality, and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101803"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148569666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of volatile release from packaging intended for fresh cut produce: An investigation based on headspace-SPME-GC-MS","authors":"Jahan Zaib Ashraf,&nbsp;Sandra Pati,&nbsp;Flora Macolino,&nbsp;Ilario Losito,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Amodio,&nbsp;Giancarlo Colelli","doi":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to assess the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based materials intended for packaging fresh-cut produce. A comparative investigation of five commercial packaging films, PET, bilayer-PET, PET/PE, PET/EVOH/PE, and PET/PP, was performed via headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Initially, a total of 23 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was detected at 35 °C, in conditions adopted for screening purposes. They included mainly branched and linear hydrocarbons, with the highest emission level detected in PET/PE films. Subsequently, the HS-SPME-GC-MS technique was used to investigate the kinetics of release of 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-heptane, a representative polyolefin saturated hydrocarbon, under low-temperature conditions (5 °C and 15 °C), in both closed (a screw-cap glass vial) and open systems (a packaging bag). Results demonstrated that the 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-heptane release followed first-order kinetics, with the highest maximum concentration observed at 15 °C. Moreover, the kinetic study within the packaging bags showed that permeation to the external environment also occurred, but it was less relevant at 5 °C, leading to greater accumulation of 2,2,4,6,6-pentamethyl-heptane inside the packaging. Finally, it was demonstrated that VOCs emitted from packaging can be adsorbed into fresh-cut salad during storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12377,"journal":{"name":"Food Packaging and Shelf Life","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101798"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148569070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}