Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Before hormones: early sex-specific mechanisms shaping nervous system development, function, and postnatal disease susceptibility.","authors":"Maria A Tsiarli, Erica N Larschan","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1888207","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1888207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain development requires precise spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression and molecular processes to establish healthy and functional neural circuits. Traditionally, sex differences in brain development have been attributed primarily to gonadal differentiation and the subsequent actions of sex hormones on developmental systems during fetal life. However, these observations alone cannot fully explain the spectrum of sex biases seen in diverse neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurological disorders. In this mini review, we discuss the current evidence supporting the early embryonic origins of sex differences in brain development, with an emphasis on sex chromosome-driven transcriptional regulation, X chromosome inactivation dynamics, and sex-biased gene expression, which precede hormone-dependent developmental signaling. We present recent advances using omics technologies and computational approaches that have revealed widespread sex-biased differences in gene expression, chromatin regulation, dosage compensation, alternative splicing, and transcriptional activity during preimplantation and early embryonic development. These results are derived from available human datasets, but also include data from experimental models, including <i>Drosophila melanogaster,</i> and elaborate on the translational application of these findings in humans during normal neurodevelopment and in disease states. Collectively, these findings support a model in which sex-specific features of brain development emerge from the earliest stages of embryogenesis and continue to shape brain structure and function throughout life. Furthermore, they emphasize the necessity of including sex as a variable in research and medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1888207"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired behavioral flexibility and coping strategy shifts in 5xFAD mice in the novel Destruction-Building Test.","authors":"Eugenia Ahremenko, Alexander Andreev, Kirill Chaprov, Eduard Korkotian","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1877086","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1877086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The assessment of early ethological markers of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a pivotal task in preclinical research. This study evaluates the diagnostic potential of the \"Destruction-Building Test\" (DBT), a novel assay based on the innate manipulative behaviors of rodents-specifically material shredding and complex nest-building-as an early indicator of neurodegenerative changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Investigations were conducted on hemizygous 5xFAD transgenic mice and wild-type (WT) controls of both sexes at 15, 28, and 42 weeks of age. The protocol included a 24-h habituation phase with continuous actigraphy to assess spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA), followed by a 72-h phase of manipulative activity. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were employed for statistical modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a systemic reduction in manipulative activity in 5xFAD mice, which was most pronounced in females starting from 15 weeks of age. GEE modeling confirmed that genotype and sex were the primary determinants of shredding deficits (<i>p</i> < 10^-9). Furthermore, we identified a robust negative correlation between SLA during the initial adaptation phase and subsequent manipulative productivity in the DBT (<i>p</i> < 0.001); specifically, higher exploratory locomotion predicted less efficient shredding and nest-building. Transgenic animals demonstrated a pathological shift toward a proactive coping style characterized by unproductive hyperlocomotion and diminished manipulation, signaling impaired behavioral flexibility and cognitive rigidity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that the DBT is highly sensitive to early neurodegenerative manifestations before the onset of gross motor deficits.Its methodological simplicity and robust diagnostic value position the DBT as an effective tool for the longitudinal screening of cognitive status in AD mouse models.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1877086"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13553921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-related biological variation and mental toughness in soccer: a 2D:4D digit-ratio study of Type a, Type B and Type C classification across playing positions.","authors":"Hamza Kaya Besler, Gulferi M Yildirim, Sinan Canan, Sinan Seyhan, Görkem Açar, Muhammed Fatih Bilici, Uğur Sönmezoğlu","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1934922","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1934922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sex-related variation in psychological traits is usually studied as a categorical male-female contrast, which conflates a grouping variable with the continuous biology underlying it. The second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) provides a non-invasive marker of the prenatal androgen environment, but its relationship with mental toughness and playing position in soccer remains poorly understood. This study examined the associations between 2D:4D-derived classification, playing position, sex and mental toughness, testing whether mental toughness tracks a continuous sex-related biological index rather than sex category alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional design, 270 licensed amateur soccer players (241 men, 29 women; aged 13-35 years) from Denizli, Türkiye, were assessed. Mental toughness was measured with the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). Digit lengths were measured directly on both hands with a calibrated digital caliper, and the two-hand mean ratio assigned each player to one of three operational categories at a cut-off of unity (Type A < 1.00, Type C = 1.00, Type B > 1.00). Data were analysed with one-way and two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni <i>post-hoc</i> comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Type B players reported higher mental toughness (<i>M</i> = 47.36) than Type A (43.85) and Type C (44.24) players, <i>F</i> _{(2, 267)} = 6.70, <i>p</i> = 0.002, η² = 0.048. Defenders (45.34) scored higher than goalkeepers (41.13; <i>p</i> = 0.021), <i>F</i> _{(3, 266)} = 3.00, <i>p</i> = 0.031, η² = 0.033. In the two-way model classification remained significant, <i>F</i> _{(2, 258)} = 6.10, <i>p</i> = 0.003, whereas position, <i>F</i> _{(3, 258)} = 2.22, <i>p</i> = 0.086, and the interaction, <i>F</i> _{(6, 258)} = 0.81, <i>p</i> = 0.560, did not. Male players scored higher than female players, t(268) = 1.99, <i>p</i> = 0.047.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mental toughness varied with 2D:4D-derived classification and playing position, and the classification effect ran counter to a simple masculinization account, since the less androgenized Type B profile scored highest. A sex difference was also present, but classification and sex operated in opposing directions and neither was reducible to the other. Types A, B and C are operational classifications, not literal brain categories, and should be interpreted with caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1934922"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal shifts in avoidance-based phenotypes in a predator odor conditioned place aversion model of posttraumatic stress disorder.","authors":"Meghan B Reiss, Daniel K Humphrey, Laken N Pierceall, Michelle A Dean, Lisa M Tran, Rose Snijders, Lucas C Carstensen, Dipta Chandra Pal, Dae-Wook Kang, Maria E Secci, Nicholas W Gilpin, Nicole M Collette, Doris Lam","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1907963","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1907963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a subset of trauma-exposed individuals and is characterized by persistent intrusion, avoidance, negative mood and cognition, and arousal symptoms, with heterogeneous symptom trajectories. There is a need for longitudinal rodent models of PTSD that incorporate individual differences in post-stress outcomes to probe mechanisms of susceptibility and resilience.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used a predator odor (bobcat urine) conditioned place aversion (CPA) paradigm in male Wistar rats to examine the emergence and persistence of anxiety-like avoidance behavior over 6 weeks. Automated tracking during CPA testing quantified time in the predator odor (PO)-paired chamber and chamber-specific locomotor metrics; animals were further assessed with an acoustic startle response (ASR) test (Day 2), open field (OF, Day 5), and elevated plus maze (EPM, Day 16). At 6 weeks post-stress, rats were re-exposed to the CPA apparatus, modeling contextual reminder-induced trauma recall. Longitudinal body weight and endocrine endpoints (adrenal gland weight and circulating corticosterone) were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 24 h post-stress, Avoider rats, approximately 40% of exposed animals, showed avoidance of the PO-paired chamber, whereas Non-Avoider rats made more entries into and moved more slowly within the PO-paired chamber. By 6 weeks, initial classifications no longer predicted avoidance behavior; CPA-based diagnosis revealed substantial phenotypic shifts, with 24% of rats remaining Avoiders, 28% remaining Non-Avoiders, and the remainder switching phenotypes (16% Avoiders to Non-Avoiders; 32% Non-Avoiders to Avoiders). Re-analysis of the ASR test showed similar startle responses across phenotypes at lower and intermediate intensities; however, rats that shifted from Non-Avoiders to Avoiders displayed greater startle responses than rats that remained Non-Avoiders at the highest sound level. In contrast, OF and EPM measures showed no phenotypic differences. Sustained Avoider rats exhibited modestly greater weight gain, whereas corticosterone and adrenal gland mass did not differ among groups.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicate that PO models identify early Avoider and Non-Avoider phenotypes with distinct behavioral profiles but also reveal dynamic shifts in avoidance-based classifications over time. This work highlights the need for longitudinal studies to better characterize evolving behavioral phenotypes, endocrine, and physiological changes in rodent PTSD models and understand neural mechanisms underlying interindividual variability in PTSD symptom trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1907963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin specifically participates in social memory encoding by exciting stellate neurons in the lateral entorhinal cortex.","authors":"Jinquan Wang, Feng Cai, Qi Zhu, Zijian Song, Hao Zhang, Haiyan Wang, Jiaxiang Duan, Hua Huang, Yi Xu","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1834610","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1834610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oxytocin (OXT) has emerged as a key neuromodulator of social cognition, yet the precise neural circuits underlying its role in social memory remain poorly defined. In this study, we identify a specific mechanism by which OXT regulates social memory encoding through the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), a critical gateway to the hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in mouse brain slices, we examined the effects of OXT on stellate neurons in the superficial layers of the LEC. Behavioral analyses were performed to determine the role of intra-LEC OXT signaling in the encoding and retrieval of social memory. Pharmacological blockade of OXTRs in the LEC was used to assess its effects on social recognition memory and spatial memory performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OXT excited stellate neurons in the superficial layers of the LEC via activation of oxytocin receptors (OXTRs). This excitation was mediated by membrane depolarization and enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission, as evidenced by an increased amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents. Intra-LEC OXT signaling was essential for the encoding, but not the retrieval, of social memory. Pharmacological blockade of OXTRs in the LEC selectively impaired social recognition memory without affecting spatial memory performance. Furthermore, inhibition of OXTRs during the recall phase did not disrupt memory expression, indicating a specific role in memory formation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings establish the LEC as a critical node for OXT-dependent modulation of social memory and suggest that OXT enhances the flow of social information to the hippocampus via direct excitation of LEC stellate neurons. This circuit-specific action provides a mechanistic basis for the selective influence of OXT on social cognition and highlights the LEC-hippocampal pathway as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in social memory deficits associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1834610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body tactile stimulation intensifies appeasement behavior in a cichlid fish.","authors":"Bianca Cambiaghi E Silva, Ana Carolina Dos Santos Gauy, Sarah Garcia Prado, Manuel Gesto, Marta C Soares, Eliane Gonçalves-de-Freitas","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1821679","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1821679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social touch, provided by body tactile stimulation (TS), is known to trigger appeasement behavior and social stability in mammals. Recent studies have shown that TS also plays a role in regulating social interactions in fish by reducing aggression between individuals. While this effect may stem from decreased aggression in dominants, the potential contribution of increased appeasement behavior in subordinates has been overlooked. Here, we investigated whether TS facilitates the onset of appeasement behavior in the cichlid fish <i>Geophagus iporangensis</i>, a species that exhibits clear dominance-subordination relationships. Isolated individuals were assigned to one of two treatments, either with TS (provided by plastic sticks lined with silicone bristles) or without it for 21 days. Then, each fish was paired with a socially experienced dominant individual to enable rapid hierarchy resolution. Initial appeasement scores did not differ between treatments. However, individuals who experienced TS exhibited significantly higher appeasement scores during the final 5 min of the contest than the control group. Additionally, fish under TS showed an increase in the appeasement score after 10 min of agonistic interaction, while it did not change in the treatment without TS. Overall, this study provides the first evidence that TS can mitigate aggressive interactions by intensifying subordinates' appeasement behavior, thereby affecting social dynamics similarly to mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1821679"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13538113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Killing behaviors in rodents: from predation to infanticide.","authors":"Raffaele d'Isa, Piotr Bebas, Michael H Parsons, Korneliusz Kurek, Rafal Stryjek","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1778618","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1778618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Killing is the most extreme behavior that an animal can perform toward another. Rodents are one of the best examples of evolutionary adaptation, being the mammals with the highest number of species and having developed an impressive variety of forms and behaviors, which allow them to live and thrive in the most disparate habitats across all continents except for Antarctica. Moreover, rodents are the most widely employed animal model in biological research. An appropriate knowledge of the ethology of rodents is of particular importance both for basic science and for the employment of these animals as animal models. Since they are common targets of both terrestrial and aerial predators, rodents are frequently viewed merely as prey animals. Nevertheless, it is less known that rodents can also be proficient killers. In fact, most rodents are opportunistic predators. Additionally, rodents perform several non-predatory killing behaviors. However, due to historical reasons (according to the early traditional views, rodents were considered small, exclusively herbivorous animals lacking killing instincts), the killing behaviors of rodents have long been overlooked. In this article, we present an overview of rodent killing behaviors, considering a wide variety of species and genera. Killing behaviors are classified into four major categories: predation (upon invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), antipredatory killing, social competition-induced killing (intraspecific and interspecific), and infanticide (non-parental and parental). Notably, killing behaviors are present in the majority of rodent species and can be found in all five rodent suborders (Myomorpha, Sciuromorpha, Hystricomorpha, Castorimorpha, and Anomaluromorpha). The present work is the first in which these diverse types of rodent killing behaviors are described together. This not only allows a synoptical view of killing behaviors, but can also aid in identifying the boundaries between the different categories, making the classification of the specific killing behaviors easier. In the final section, we discuss ethical issues related to research on rodent killing behaviors, and we propose methodological options for addressing such issues in future investigations of these behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1778618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13528217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Darting during platform-mediated avoidance in male and female rats is spatially organized between reward and safety locations.","authors":"Karissa Payne, Shannon Ruble, Halle Ness, Helen Durrett, Cassandra Kramer, Maria M Diehl","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1887899","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1887899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The platform-mediated active avoidance (PMA) task has been used as a rodent model of decision-based active avoidance in which rats learn to avoid a tone-signaled shock. Prior studies utilizing the PMA task have primarily investigated avoidance, freezing, and food-seeking behaviors, but few studies have thoroughly assessed darting behavior, a more recently identified measure of fear that has been largely explored in conditional fear paradigms. Here, we investigated the properties of darting that occur during the PMA task, in which rats either acquired the PMA task alone or with a social partner. We found that rats undergoing solitary PMA produced significantly more darting bouts, whereas rats undergoing social partner PMA produced darts that were faster and shorter in duration. We also found that darting in solitary PMA was predominantly concentrated at the platform, whereas darting in social partner PMA occurred more often outside of the platform and lever zones. Analysis of darting trajectories, which included movements surrounding each darting bout, revealed that darting was embedded in a broader spatially-organized movement between the platform and lever zones, especially during solitary PMA, and this pattern increased across training days. These findings suggest that darting between the platform (safety) and lever (reward) zones reflects transitions between defensive and reward-seeking behaviors, a pattern that strengthens across training and is modulated by social partner condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1887899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep bruxism: a novel theoretical perspective through the lens of the free energy principle (FEP).","authors":"Edward Owens, Pedro Mayoral","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1920406","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1920406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep bruxism is a prevalent sleep-related motor phenomenon characterized by rhythmic masticatory muscle activity that ranges from physiological behavior to a condition with clinically significant craniofacial consequences. Existing models emphasize multifactorial risk factors and centrally mediated dysregulation but lack a unified mechanistic account linking neural regulation, autonomic physiology, airway function, craniofacial biomechanics, and the temporal organization of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity. In this Hypothesis and Theory article, we outline a Free Energy Principle (FEP) - informed framework in which sleep bruxism is interpreted as an expression of predictive regulation and active inference within nested craniofacial, autonomic, and respiratory systems, explicitly as a theoretical account rather than as an empirically established mechanism. Within this framework, we introduce the construct of homeostatic latency, defined conceptually as the temporally extended window over which polysomnographic and electromyographic indices of sleep bruxism frequency, intensity, and inter-episode intervals reflect the efficiency of recovering a quasi-stable equilibrium after arousal-related perturbations. From this, we derive testable hypotheses regarding: (i) clustering of rhythmic masticatory muscle activity around micro-arousals and respiratory events, (ii) characteristic autonomic signatures preceding episodes, (iii) homeostatic latency profiles derived from EMG timing measures, (iv) airway-related phenotypes and responses to mandibular advancement devices, and (v) differentiated profiles across stress-related, arousal-related, respiratory - airway protective, and neuromodulatory sleep bruxism endotypes. In addition, we briefly indicate how an FEP-informed ontological framework for SB could, in future work, be extended into a domain-specific, knowledge-graph - based representation to support integration of multimodal data and hypothesis-driven computational modeling, while emphasizing that such tools are not developed or validated in the present article. Overall, the framework aims to reconcile sleep bruxism as both behavior and condition, in line with contemporary consensus views, and to generate falsifiable predictions for future empirical studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1920406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13522134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of sustained attention impairment in individuals under simulated positive acceleration stress: separation effect of early and late stage cognitive processing.","authors":"Yang Liao, Yuyang Zhu, Rong Lin, Miao Jin, Yan Zhang, Yishuang Zhang, Liu Yang","doi":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1733246","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnbeh.2026.1733246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying impaired sustained attention under positive acceleration stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a lower body negative pressure model to simulate positive acceleration stress and employed electroencephalography (EEG) to observe changes in brain function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EEG results indicated that sustained attention exhibited a dissociation effect between early and late stages of processing following positive acceleration stress. The latency of the P2 component induced by non-target stimuli at the Cz electrode was significantly reduced under lower body negative pressure conditions, suggesting enhanced early perceptual processing of visual stimuli under acceleration stress. The amplitude of the P300 component induced by non-target stimuli at the Pz and Cz electrodes was significantly lower than that at baseline, suggesting impaired late-stage response selection processes. These findings indicate that individuals exhibit adaptive capacity under cerebral ischemia induced by acceleration stress, whereby enhanced early perceptual processing may partially compensate for impairments in the late-stage response selection phase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The dissociation between the early and late stages of visual attention processing reflects the body's adaptive adjustment ability in response to acceleration stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":12368,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience","volume":"20 ","pages":"1733246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13531603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148873570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}