{"title":"Theories of Prophecy in Jeremiah","authors":"Nathan Mastnjak","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.23","url":null,"abstract":"In turning prophecy into a form of literature, the authors of ancient Israelite prophetic books repeatedly addressed the nature of prophecy itself. This preoccupation suggests that the phenomenon of prophecy was by no means a simple and known concept to the authors of this literature, but rather one in need of discursive construction. The authors of Jeremiah explored theories of prophecy from a variety of perspectives. While all the Jeremiah traditions assume a basic definition of prophecy as the mediation of a divine message through an intermediary, they also move beyond this conception in a number of ways. Though prophetic literature ostensibly presents disembodied prophecy, the authors of Jeremiah frequently direct their attention to the essentially embodied nature of prophecy. The prophet’s bodily experience, for these authors, cannot be separated from his capacity to transmit the divine message. Other parts of the Jeremiah tradition negotiate a history of prophecy in relation to Moses and Deuteronomy. For these texts, prophecy has to be understood as an unfolding history that begins but does not end with Deuteronomy. Finally, a distinct thread of tradition imagines Jeremiah’s words as carrying an almost magical efficacy. Rather than merely transmitting a message, Jeremiah’s speech has the effect of bringing about the divine judgment on Judah. In each case, the ancient authors navigate the innovative contours of prophetic literature by actively exploring the potencies of prophecy.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125646219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Prophet Jeremiah","authors":"R. Goldstein","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.24","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the legends about the prophet Jeremiah, describing their literary character, and it situates them within the compositional history of the book. It identifies three distinct editorial impulses at work within this corpus: idealization, schematization, and historization. Only a few of the texts concerning the prophet can be called proper narratives, and those grew separately from the prophecies. A possible key to understanding the history of the legends lies in the double cycle of stories about Jeremiah in the last days of Jerusalem (Jer 37:11–40:6). These chapters preserve two interdependent accounts, one reworking the other and transforming the prophet from human being to hero. Another important factor in the shaping of the legends was their use of narratives of earlier encounters between kings and prophets (Jeremiah 26 and 36; Jer 37:3–10; 21:1–10; Jeremiah 28). The so-called “Biography of Jeremiah” (Jer 37–44), for its part, is an artificial composition assembled a long time after the period of Jeremiah. This sequence was composed by a late Deuteronomistic redactor, who combined narratives about the prophet and a chronicle concerning the last days of the kingdom of Judah in order to set forth his view of the prophet’s role in history. This redactor also integrated Jeremiah 42 and 44, reinforcing the notion that the preservation of the Israelite’s covenant with YHWH depends on the returnees from Babylon. Finally, this essay examines the creation of quasi-narratives out of materials that have almost no biographical basis (Jeremiah 18–20).","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125658162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jeremiah Interpretation in Subaltern Context","authors":"Bungishabaku Katho","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.42","url":null,"abstract":"This generation has witnessed a great interest in the study of the book of Jeremiah. Unfortunately, much of this scholarship is unreadable for the church and for ordinary readers because it mainly concentrates on diachronic questions, neglecting pastoral-theological and sociohistorical ones. Yet, the voices one hears in the book of Jeremiah are deeply in touch with the historical realities of the seventh-century bce as well as twenty-first-century situations of poverty, war, injustice, and corruption. The best way to accomplish such interpretation is by acknowledging the valuable tools conceived by the experts of the book of Jeremiah and using these tools in a language understandable to ordinary readers today in their varying contexts.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115103070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jeremiah and Homiletics","authors":"C. Sharp","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores homiletical possibilities afforded by the book of Jeremiah to the Christian preacher. The earliest layers of contextualization are examined through consideration of preaching on Jeremiah in the early Church, focusing on sermons of Origen. In discussing the early modern period, the chapter attends to the preaching of Reformers Martin Luther and John Calvin. Finally, the chapter reflects on homiletical moves made by contemporary preachers in a variety of ecclesial contexts from the nineteenth century to the present, including Charles Spurgeon and Walter Brueggemann. Noteworthy in the homiletical reception of Jeremiah are four passages: first, the commissioning of Jeremiah (1:4–10), which foregrounds agonistic dimensions of prophetic witness and has served as a focus in liturgies of ordination; second, the lament, “Is there no balm in Gilead?” (8:22), transformed in a renowned African American spiritual into the asseveration that “there is a balm in Gilead,” namely, Jesus; third, Jeremiah’s depiction of the divine word as irresistible, “like a burning fire shut up in my bones” (20:9); and fourth, the promise of the new covenant that God will inscribe on the heart (31:31–34).","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125970461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jeremiah at Qumran","authors":"D. Dimant","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.39","url":null,"abstract":"The eminent status of Jeremiah’s prophecies is well reflected in late biblical books of the Second Temple era, focused as they are on the Jeremianic prophecy forecasting seventy years of Israel’s servitude to Babylon (Jer 25:11–12; 29:10). They proposed various interpretations (see Zach 1:12; 7:5; 2 Chr 36:20–21; Dan 9) and the interest in this prediction continued well into the last centuries of the Second Temple period (e.g., 1 En 10–12; 89:59–90; 93:1–10; 91:11–17). The owners of the Qumran library shared this interest. Beside five copies of Jeremiah prophetic compositions, surfaced among the Scrolls, the Qumran texts contain various allusions and quotations from Jeremiah's biblical prophecies, including some concealed pesharim. This chapter surveys them in its first section. In its second part the chapter reviews and analyzes the references to the prophet’s personality and life, elaborated in the Damascus Document 8:20 and in the Apocryphon of Jeremiah C.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122729764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jeremiah","authors":"Mark E. Biddle","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859559.013.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859559.013.10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the complex contents and elusive structure of the book of Jeremiah. Beginning with the familiar poetry/prose distinction, consideration of a series of other characteristics reveals a nuanced and varied picture of the contents of the book of Jeremiah. Four categories of poetry and five of prose emerge: “oracular,” “eschatological,” “liturgical,” and the “Oracles against the Nations”; and “sermons,” “reports of public events,” “reports of Jeremiah’s private reception of the divine word,” the Deuteronomistic addendum to the book, and editorial structuring devices such as headings and introductions. Despite the difficulty of determining the principle or principles manifest in the structure of the book of Jeremiah, the editors/curators of the tradition(s) left certain clear indications of their organizing activity. Headings, the designation “scroll/book,” and themes unify collections within the book. Here, the problem of two versions manifests itself, with MT and LXX diverging with respect to the order, structure, and contents of the second and third major sections of the book.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134502177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Last Stage of the Literary History of the Book of Jeremiah","authors":"E. Tov","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.17","url":null,"abstract":"Presumably the book of Jeremiah underwent several editorial stages for which there is no evidence in the textual witnesses. At the same time, the last stage of the literary growth of that book is reflected in the elements that the Masoretic Text (MT) has in excess of the LXX and the Qumran scrolls 4QJerb,d. These differences are not scribal, but editorial, so that the latter have been named “edition I” and MT “edition II,” with the understanding that edition II was based on a literary form like edition I. This chapter describes the many views that have been expressed in the post-Qumran era on the content, tendencies, and dating of these two editions. It points out that the assumption of “layers” may be more appropriate than “editions.” In the wake of the research of Bogaert, this paper adds an excursus on the apocryphal book of Baruch that was surprisingly appended to the short, not the long, text of Jeremiah. Presumably, when edition I was expanded with Baruch, edition II was already in existence, but maybe at a different place or in a different environment. In any event, we do not know why Baruch was appended to the short and not the long edition.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122771552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Critical Introduction","authors":"Louis Stulman, Edward Silver","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.0050","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book of Jeremiah, its historical background, distinctive literary character, language of trauma and resilience, dominant ideologies, and the state of twentieth- and twenty-first-century Jeremian scholarship. It concludes with an explanation of the goals and structure of the Handbook. Like the ancient book and the prophetic persona, the interpretation of Jeremiah has also been fractured and at times conflictual. Certain recent schools of Jeremiah scholarship explore new spaces for reading the ancient text that reconfigure, redeploy, and move beyond conventional interpretations, while others concentrate on historical issues, examining variant manuscripts and comparative Near Eastern texts. Until now, these divergent schools of thought have worked in relative isolation. This Handbook, the introductory chapter notes, seeks to bridge the gap between the current scholarly debate. It recognizes the importance of both post-historical and hermeneutic interpretive perspectives and ancient contextual approaches. It engages historical methodologies as well as literary and situated readings. This essay suggests that it is an opportune moment, within the frame of a single, field-encompassing volume, for a synthetic anthology that encourages the fruits of these disparate technical subfields to be gathered in order to nourish the field as a whole. Jeremiah, prose and poetry, trauma, Deuteronomistic History, methodology, SBL, Writing/Reading Jeremiah, biblical studies","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128254617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two Ancient Editions of the Book of Jeremiah","authors":"H. Stipp","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.25","url":null,"abstract":"The book of Jeremiah has been handed down from antiquity in two separate editions that differ markedly from each other: MT and the Alexandrian version (JerAlT), which is represented by the original Greek translation (JerG*) and certain Qumran fragments. The Alexandrian edition is about one-seventh shorter than its Masoretic counterpart, and it deviates from JerMT both in its macro-structure and in some traits of its microstructure. A growing and well-founded consensus holds that the two editions derive from a common ancestor, with JerAlT still closely resembling this predecessor, whereas JerMT has been enlarged and restructured. This chapter characterizes the translation technique of JerG* and the value of that source as an access to its Hebrew Vorlage. Further, the essay discusses the most important reasons for the text-historical priority of the Alexandrian edition and the secondary nature of the Masoretic Sondergut (the material specific to the Masoretic edition), with the strongest probative force accorded to the pre-Masoretic idiolect, an extended set of linguistic properties distinguishing the Sondergut from the remainder of the book and, to a major part, from the entire rest of the Hebrew Bible. Finally, the chapter summarizes the particular features of the Sondergut, it reflects on the intention guiding the scribes who created this corpus, and concludes with an estimate of its date of origin.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128531744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Textualization and the Book of Jeremiah","authors":"J. Schaper","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.33","url":null,"abstract":"Textualization implies the emergence of the concept of a “text” as a specific object that needs to be handled in a specific way: an object that is conceptualized as part of a tradition of reading and interpreting—indeed, an object that is constituted by the desire to preserve and make available a specific utterance (irrespective of whether that utterance was originally produced orally or in writing). Written texts therefore are the results of the desire of an individual or a community to establish a tradition for a speech act that the individuals or the community intend to preserve. As is the case with oral texts, written texts can give rise to ritualized or otherwise significant uses of the text-object. This is the key to the understanding of prophetic collections in the Bible, and especially in the book of Jeremiah. While “tradition” (Überlieferung) is the aim of textualization, that tradition comes in various shapes and forms. The growth of prophetic books is an excellent illustration of Konrad Ehlich’s analysis of the characteristics of textualization and its purposes, especially with regard to the fact that prophetic oracles were, in ancient Israel and Judah, textualized for the purpose of being preserved and performed and of serving as the basis for Fortschreibungen.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122287572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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