{"title":"The Development of Hebrew and the Book of Jeremiah","authors":"Aaron Hornkohl","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.18","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter is a linguistic examination of the book of Jeremiah which contributes to understanding both the development of ancient Hebrew and the place of the book in that history. Since the inception of critical study of the Hebrew Bible, scholars have engaged in the linguistic periodization of its constituent texts. According to the regnant paradigm, Biblical Hebrew divides into pre-exilic Classical Biblical Hebrew (CBH) and post-exilic Late Biblical Hebrew (LBH). Scholars employ control samples and rigorous methods to identify linguistic features characteristic of particular chronolects and to periodize texts based on concentrations of characteristic features, all the while taking into account the “noise” caused by other sources of linguistic diversity, textual fluidity, and literary development. The present chapter focuses on linguistic diachrony and the book of Jeremiah. It examines where the book fits into the history of ancient Hebrew—arguing that it represents a transitional Hebrew between CBH and LBH; how diachronic sensitivity supports or contradicts theories concerning the book’s formation and development (including the theory of short and long versions and other notions of a composite text); and how the awareness of chronolects can contribute to the exegesis of interpretive cruxes.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124048911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Double Text of Jeremiah Revisited","authors":"A. Rofé","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.31","url":null,"abstract":"From the time of the Church Fathers, it has been recognized that the Greek translation (LXX) of the book of Jeremiah is shorter than the received Hebrew text (MT). Modern assessments of this textual situation have viewed the LXX as between one-eighth and one-sixth shorter than the corresponding Masoretic text of the book of Jeremiah. Since manuscripts have been found at Qumran that seem to confirm the antiquity of the shorter LXX recension, many explanations for this editorial discrepancy have focused on the phenomenon of editorial expansion within the Masoretic tradition. This chapter presents a range of counter-evidence demonstrating that the LXX has been subjected to a sustained process of editorial concision.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131843591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Poetry and Prophecy in Jeremiah","authors":"Job Y. Jindo","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.34","url":null,"abstract":"It is a virtual consensus in modern scholarship to regard prophetic speech as a form of poetic discourse. Thus, more often than not, studies of biblical prophecy take it as a given that the prophet is a poet, without assessing the strengths and weaknesses of this assumption. This chapter, therefore, addresses the extent to which biblical prophecy can be viewed as poetry, and how this convention has affected Jeremiah studies. It surveys major approaches to Jeremiah’s poetic prophecy and considers potential pitfalls in this consensus, as well as some of the key hermeneutic considerations that help better explore the subject.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124191416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Jeremian Oracles against the Nations","authors":"Rhiannon Graybill","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.2","url":null,"abstract":"A substantial portion of the book of Jeremiah consists of the Oracles against the Nations (OAN), a common prophetic genre of threats and predictions of violence directed at foreign nations. In Jeremiah, the OAN are significantly different in the Masoretic (Hebrew) and Septuagint (Greek) texts, including their length, their internal order, and their location in the book. While the function of the OAN is unclear, their literary character is undeniable. Primarily poetry, they present a dense collection of evocative images of violence and destruction. Sound, gender, and the “nation” are all themes of interest in the OAN. The OAN are a crucial part of the book of Jeremiah as a whole.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127265396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Historical Contexts of the Books of Jeremiah","authors":"C. L. Crouch","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.14","url":null,"abstract":"The Jeremiah traditions are firmly ensconced in the political and social crises of the late seventh and early sixth centuries bce, with the destruction of Jerusalem and the displacement of many of its inhabitants constituting key historical touchstones. This chapter examines the ancient Near Eastern political context of Judah’s demise, analyzing the end of Assyrian power and the struggle between Babylonia and Egypt to succeed it; the growing political turmoil in Judah, as its leadership sought and failed to respond to these wider changes; and the implications of these domestic and international contexts for the interpretation of the books of Jeremiah.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122368452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Poetic Violence in the Book of Jeremiah","authors":"Amy Kalmanofsky","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.37","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines poetic images of violence in the book of Jeremiah from a literary perspective. In this analysis, Jeremiah’s images of poetic violence are rhetorically constructed and should not be viewed as descriptive of actual events. Although violent events may lie at the heart of these images, this chapter assumes they are designed primarily for their rhetorical impact and theological meaning, and not for their descriptive accuracy. After discussing broadly the meaning and purpose of poetic violence, the author considers three rhetorically effective images that appear frequently in Jeremiah—the wound, the maternal body, and the unburied corpse. These images share a common focus on the body and are intended to unsettle and to induce change in those who encounter them by communicating the physical threat to individuals within Israel, as well as to the community as a whole. Despite their power to unsettle, these images also convey hope by communicating alternative and positive realities, and by suggesting ways in which violence can be a creative force that transforms individuals and communities. If poetic violence is effective, transformation will occur and the wound, the maternal body, and the unburied corpse will make way for the healing, birth, and regeneration of Israel.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126102337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hope and Resilience in the Books of Jeremiah","authors":"M. A. Sweeney","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.1","url":null,"abstract":"Jeremiah is the only prophetic book that provides readers with a direct view of life in Jerusalem during the Babylonian siege and destruction of the city (588–586 bce). It also appears in two forms, the classic Masoretic Hebrew form of the text and the Septuagint Greek version of the text, each of which has its own distinctive understanding and presentation of material. Although both forms are especially concerned with destruction and exile, Jeremiah presents its vision of restoration in MT Jeremiah 30–31; 32–33 and in LXX Jeremiah 37–40. This chapter examines Jeremiah 30–33 / 37–40 in relation to the literary form and outlook of each version of the book. It begins with treatment of the formal structure and contents of the two major textual units. It then turns to the contextualization of these passages in relation to other passages that present hope, i.e., Jeremiah’s letter to the exiles in Jeremiah 29 / 36; the oracles concerning Babylon in Jeremiah 50–51 / 31–32; and the royal oracle in Jeremiah 23:1–8. The chapter proposes that each form envisions a distinctive model of hope for the future: MT Jeremiah envisions a future in which the Jerusalem temple and its Levitical priesthood constitute the future of YHWH’s eternal promise to the House of David, and LXX Jeremiah envisions a future in which the rule of a righteous Davidic monarch constitutes the future of Jerusalem and Judah in relation to the rebuilding of the Jerusalem Temple.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122362830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jeremiah’s Non-Burial Refrain","authors":"Sarah C. Jobe","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190693060.013.46","url":null,"abstract":"The non-burial refrain in the book of Jeremiah is often overlooked in favor of the repeated Jeremian verb pairs “to pluck up and to pull down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant” introduced in Jeremiah 1:10. This chapter argues that the non-burial refrain serves as the book’s dominant metaphor for exile from the perspective of those left behind. The non-burial refrain testifies to conditions on the ground in sixth-century bce Judah, including beliefs about the dead and shifting burial practices, while encoding traumatic memories from the siege and fall of Jerusalem. Furthermore, the non-burial refrain functions as a vehicle by which the text of Jeremiah suggests, refutes, and revises its claims about the role of the God of Israel in the Babylonian exile. Specifically, Jeremiah explores the idea that God is responsible for the slaying and scattering of Judah, then moves to a belief that God is the one who will ultimately consecrate, inter, and gather a fallen people after cataclysmic military defeat.","PeriodicalId":123510,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Jeremiah","volume":"131 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131648360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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